Amatshe amatshe (cholelithiasis)

Amatshe amatshe (cholelithiasis)

Siqamba amagama inyongo, noma cholelithiase, ukwakheka kwamatshe ngaphakathi gallbladder, isitho esigcina inyongo ekhishwa isibindi. Izibalo, ngezinye izikhathi ezibizwa ngokuthi “amatshe” empeleni zibukeka njengamatshe amancane. Ezimweni eziningi, akhiwa cholesterol kucwebezelwe. Amatshe enziwe nge-bile pigment angakheka, ikakhulukazi ngesifo esibi sesibindi noma i-sickle cell anemia, kodwa lokhu ngeke kuxoxwe ngakho lapha.

Umumo, usayizi kanye nenombolo ye ukubala (kungase kube namakhulu amaningana) ahluke komunye nomunye. Zingaba zincane njengenhlamvu yesihlabathi noma zibe zinkulu njengebhola legalofu.

Esikhathini esiningi, amatshe awabangeli izimpawu. Kodwa-ke, bangavimba imigudu eholela i-bile esibindini nasemathunjini. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi a i-biliary colic (bheka umdwebo) uma inkinga ingeyesikhashana. Njengoba ingasakwazi ukuthulula, i-gallbladder ibe isiqala ukukhukhumala, okungabangela ubudlova ubuhlungu. Uma amatshe engabangeli i-colic, ngezinye izikhathi atholakala ngokungahleliwe ku-ultrasound noma i-CT scan (ukuskena) yesisu.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukushuba izimpawu akuxhomekile izinqumo izibalo. Ngempela, amatshe amancane angabangela ubuhlungu obukhulu, kuyilapho amatshe amakhulu engabonakali. Kwesinye isikhathi ziba nkulu kakhulu ukuthi zingaphuma enyongweni zivale imigudu.

Isetshenziselwa ini i-gallbladder?

I-gallbladder iyisaka elincane, elimise okwepheya elinobude obungu-7 kuya ku-12 cm. Igcina i-bile, uketshezi oluphuzi ngokuluhlaza olukhiqizwa isibindi, olusetshenziselwa ukusiza ekugayeni ukudla. Ngesikhathi sokudla, i-gallbladder iyafinyela futhi ikhiphe i-bile, ebese izungeza emgudwini we-bile ovamile ukuya emathunjini, lapho inomthelela ekugayeni kokudla, ikakhulukazi izinto ezinamafutha. I-gallbladder iyakhululeka futhi igcwalise futhi ngenyongo.

Izimbangela

La bile iqukethe ikakhulukazi amanzi, usawoti we-bile (okuyinto, ngokufaka amafutha, adlala indima enkulu ekugayweni kwawo ngamathumbu), i-cholesterol, i-phospholipids, i-pigment kanye ne-electrolyte.

The inyongo I-cholesterol yakheka lapho: +

  • i-bile iqukethe i-cholesterol eningi;
  • i-bile ayinawo usawoti okwanele we-bile;
  • i-gallbladder ayifinyeleli njalo (i-gallbladder kuthiwa "iyavilapha").

Akwaziwa kahle ukuthi yini ebangela ukwakheka kwamatshe, kodwa kutholwe izici ezihlukahlukene zobungozi. Ukukhuluphala kungenye yazo. Qaphela ukuthi akukho ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-hypercholesterolemia kanye nokugcwala kwe-cholesterol ku-bile.1.

Amatshe angavela ezithweni ezihlukahlukene ezingenalutho (izinso, esinyeni) noma ezindlala (i-gall bladder, salivary glands), bese azungeza noma abhajwe ku-excretory tract yalezi. Kuye ngokuthi zikuphi, la matshe azokwakhiwa ngezinto ezihlukahlukene: i-calcium, i-phosphate, i-cholesterol, ijusi yokugaya ukudla noma abanye.

Amatshe enyongo ngokuvamile akheka enyongweni hhayi esibindini ngoba inyongo igxile kakhulu lapho.

Ubani othintekayo?

La inyongo, noma i-gallbladder calculus ivamile futhi ithinta izikhathi ezi-2 kuya kwezi-3 ngaphezu kwalokho abesifazane kunamadoda. Kusukela eminyakeni engu-70, u-10% kuya ku-15% wabesilisa unaso, kanye no-25% kuya ku-30% wabesifazane. Ingozi yokuba ne-gallstones iyandaage, ukufinyelela cishe ku-60% ngemva kweminyaka engu-80, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuncipha kokusebenza kokufinyela kwenyongo. Izibalo zibangela izinkinga ku-20% kuphela wazo futhi kungaba yi-hepatic colic, cholecystitis, cholangitis, noma i-acute biliary pancreatitis.

I-biliary colic

A inkinga de i-hepatic colic noma i-biliary colic, kungenxa yetshe lenyongo elidlulela emiseleni yenyongo futhi livaleke lapho okwesikhashana, livimbele okwesikhashana i-bile ukuthi ingaphumi. Kuthatha isilinganiso semizuzu engama-30 ukuya emahoreni ama-4. Ubude besikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angu-6 kufanele bubangele ukwesaba kwenkinga. Ubuhlungu buyadamba lapho itshe liziphumela ngokuzenzakalelayo, okuvumela i-bile ukuthi iphinde igeleze ngokujwayelekile. Umuntu oke wahlaselwa yi-biliary colic cishe, ku-70% yamacala, ahlupheke abanye. Uma ukuhlaselwa kokuqala kubekezeleleka, kuvame ukuba kubi kakhulu lapho amatshe engelashwa.

Ukuquleka okuningi kwenzeka ngaphandle kokudla. Zingenzeka nganoma isiphi isikhathi sosuku, futhi ngokuvamile akukho mcimbi oqalayo. Ukuquleka kwenzeka ngemva kokuba i-gallbladder inkontileka futhi ikhipha itshe elingavimba umgudu wenyongo. Ukungenwa ukudla ngokwemvelo kubangela ukuba inyongo ifinyele, eshukunyiswa ukuba khona kokudla emgudwini wokugaya ukudla. I-gallbladder iphinde ibambezeleke ngokungahleliwe nangokuzenzakalelayo ngaso sonke isikhathi emini nasebusuku.

Izinkinga ezingenzeka

Ezimweni eziningi, inyongo zingabangeli izinkinga. Kodwa-ke, ubuhlungu obungapheli obungapheli bungakhula ngolunye usuku noma olunye kuze kuholele ezimweni ezisongela ukuphila: i-cholecystitis eyingozi (ukuvuvukala kwe-gallbladder), i-acute cholangitis (ukuvuvukala kwemigudu ye-bile ) noma i-pancreatitis eyingozi (ukuvuvukala kwe-pancreas).

Uma kukhona izimpawu ezingezansi, bheka udokotela ngokushesha :

  • umkhuhlane;
  • umbala ophuzi ngokungavamile wesikhumba;
  • ubuhlungu obukhulu kakhulu futhi obungazelelwe ngakwesokudla kwesisu obuphikelela amahora angaphezu kwe-6;
  • ukuhlanza okungapheli.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abahlushwa yi-gallstones, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, basengozini encane yokuba ne-a umdlavuza we-gallbladder, okuyinto nokho eyivelakancane kakhulu.

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