Okuqukethwe
“Isithembiso sengane” siyaqola
Izikhangiso zabesifazane abasebasha abanikelayo ukuthwala ingane kwabashadile zigcwele inetha. Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukuzalwa kwengane ngokusemthethweni kuhlala kungekho emthethweni eFrance, lezi zimemezelo zivame ukuhlanganisa kuphela imizamo yokuqola. Ngokusizakala ngokucindezeleka kombhangqwana, lezi “zaphulelo zamanga” zivame ukunyamalala ngokwemvelo ngemali ethuthukisiwe… Futhi ngokwazi ukuthi azikho emthethweni, imibhangqwana ayilokothi njalo ukufaka isikhalazo.
“Nogolantethe”, noma “ingelosi eqotho”
Imvamisa, amacala e-surrogacy enziwa ethunzini le-inthanethi ashaya izihloko zezomthetho. Lezi zibe sezivezwa ekukhanyeni izenzo ezingekho emthethweni okuvela ezikhathini eziningi ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, ngokumelene nesizinda sokuvinjelwa kokutholwa komuntu oyedwa. Njengokuqulwa kwecala okwenzeka ngo-2013 eSaint-Brieuc: umbhangqwana owawuyinyumba wawucele usizo lukamama oshade naye, owanyamalala nengane. Umsolwa uboshelwe lokhu kufakwa kwembewu yezandla, kanye nombhangqwana ngokuba nesandla. Noma ngo-2016, eBlois, lapho owesifazane ayegwetshwe khona yinkantolo isigwebo esilengisiwe unyaka owodwa: wathengisa “izinkonzo” zakhe emibhangqwaneni eminingana ngesikhathi esisodwa, efaka imali ephaketheni ngesikhathi kuqhubeka inqubo, wabe esenyamalala. Ku-inthanethi, wazibiza ngokuthi “I-Little Stork”, noma “Ingelosi Eqotho”. Ngokuqondene nabazali “abaxhasayo” abane, babegwetshiwe bonke 2 inhlawulo yama-euro imisiwe "yokugqugquzela ukulahla ingane". Noma kamuva nje, leli cala ligwetshwe eNkantolo yase-Dieppe (Seine-Maritime) ngoJuni 2018: umama obelethile wayedayisele imibhangqwana emibili ehlukene ingane, efaka ephaketheni kabili isamba sama-euro angu-15. Izithandani ezimbili ezabe sezishayisana enkantolo ukuze zithole ilungelo lokuhlala nengane. Nakhona lapho, umama ongeyena waqasha izisulu zakhe ezinkundleni zokuxhumana.
I-Internet surrogate omama
Imibhangqwana eminingi, izitabane noma abathandana nabobulili obuhlukile, baphelelwe yithemba, ukulungele ukwenza noma yini ukuze ube nomntwana, ngihlangane ngezinye izikhathi izinkundla ezikhethekile kakhulu nabantu abangahle bangene esikhundleni, hhayi bonke abanezinjongo ezinhle kakhulu, kunoma yikuphi ukuqabukela kwethulwe ngendlela yokucabangela kuphela. Ngakho-ke imibhangqwana enquma ukungena emanzini (futhi ngezinye izikhathi eminye iphumelele) kufanele thola umuntu ongase abe omunye, naye ozoba ngukhokho. Ukukhulelwa kwenziwa ngokufakwa kwembewu “yezandla”: owesifazane uzifakela isidoda sendoda. Uma kwenzeka ukukhulelwa, indoda ibona ingane kusenesikhathi. Umama okhulelwebese ezala ngaphansi kuka-X, kodwa kubonisa ukuba khona kukababa, oba umzali osemthethweni kuphela kanye nomnikazi oyedwa wegunya labazali. Umkakhe angakwazi okwesibili qhubeka nokutholwa okulula ukuba ngumnikazi esikhundleni segunya labazali. Akunakwenzeka ukwazi ukuthi bangaki abashadile abafinyelele esigabeni sokugcina sale nqubo engekho emthethweni ngokuphelele.
Ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa ngokumelene ne-advance yama-euro angu-5
U-Laurent ngokwakhe wacishe washiya ingxenye enhle yokonga kwakhe lapho. “Sinomkami, omdala kunami, sazama ngakho konke ukuba nengane, i-IVF, ukutholwa. Akukho okumele ukwenze. Sabhalisa esithangamini. Sahlangana nowesifazane osemusha omuhle kakhulu oneminyaka engu-26. Wayesanda kuhlukana nomyeni wakhe, enezingane ezimbili, ehlala noyise. Irekhodi lakhe lobugebengu lalingenalutho. Kwacatshangelwa ukuthi ukufakelwa amadlozi ngokwenziwa. Sajabula kakhulu! Usicele ama-euro ayi-10. Kwakubonakala kuyinto evamile kithi. Ngamcacisela ukuthi sidinga iziqinisekiso, ukuthi ngizokhipha i-advance uma esekhulelwe futhi ngihambe ngiyokwenza i-declaration of paternity. Kodwa ngokukhulu ukushesha kuvela izinsolo. Izinsuku ze-ovulation ezimenyezelwe owesifazane osemusha zisondelene kakhulu. “Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-10 yokwelashwa, ngase ngiwumpetha ekubaleni imijikelezo yesibeletho. Ngithike. Wachaza ukuthi wayenephutha. »Ngenkundla, u-Laurent uhlangana nomunye umbhangqwana ovela esifundeni. Bahlala kuqhele ngamakhilomitha ambalwa, bayazwelana, futhi bathola ukuthi benza inqubo efanayo… nomama obambele omunye. ” Saqonda ukuthi ubezama nje ukukhipha imali ye-advance bese enyamalala endle. Ukuthi wayengahlosile ukuthwala umntwana. Ngenhlanhla, sasingakakhokhi ngisho indibilishi. “
Ukhwabanise ama-euro angu-7
Kwenzeka inhlekelele efanayo nakulo omunye umbhangqwana. UMarielle uthi: “Lapho sinquma ukusebenzisa umama oshade naye, sathola ngokushesha isikhangiso esinenombolo yomakhalekhukhwini. Intokazi yayithandeka ocingweni. Uthe ubevele enolwazi lokuqala. Wayeqinisekisa kakhulu. »I-aphoyintimenti yenziwe. Ngokushesha, intokazi ikhuluma ngemali. “Wasebenzisa leli thuba lokuthi amandla alinganayo avuna yena ukuze asifake ingcindezi. Izithandani ezifunwayo ziningi kakhulu. Siphelelwe yithemba, siyazi ukuthi akukho emthethweni. Ngakho kulula. Umuntu ongase abe omunye uphakamisa ukuzalanisa ngeviki elilandelayo, bese ecela ama-euro angu-7 kusengaphambili. Umbhangqwana wakwenza lokho. “Ubebonakala engajahe kakhulu ukuyohlola. Wabe esesitshela ukuthi i-negative. Kwakuzwakala. Sibuyele esithangamini nalapho sazithela phezu kwesikhangiso ebesiphuma kuyona le ntombazane esaqhubeka nokunikeza usizo. Sakhungatheka. Saba nencazelo yocingo, sabhala esithangamini ukuze sixwayise eminye imibhangqwana. ” Lo mkhonyovu awuzange uzipholise ngokuphelele izithandani. “ Sixhumana nenye intokazi ezinikele ngokuzithandela ngaphandle kokucela isinxephezelo. Sazwelana. Sizomsiza ngokwezimali, kusobala. Unezingane ezine okuhlanganisa nengane enezinyanga ezi-5. Ufisa ukungaveli empilweni yengane ngemuva kwalokho. Ubheka ukuthi i-filiation ayidluli kufuzo. Kuye ukuncelisa ibele okumenza umama. ”