Okuqukethwe
Ukudoba kwesimanje kuhlukile kulokho okwakwenziwa eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu noma engamashumi amahlanu edlule. Okokuqala, waba isayensi egxile kakhulu. Sisebenzisa izinto ezikhethekile zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, izilobo ezenziwe ngemishini yokudla eyinkimbinkimbi. Isitholi sezinhlanzi asinjalo.
Umgomo wokusebenza kwe-echo sounder kanye nedivayisi yayo
I-echo sounder iyisisetshenziswa se-electronic acoustic. Iqukethe i-transceiver, etholakala ngaphansi kwamanzi, i-analyzer yesignali enesikrini kanye neyunithi yokulawula, ngokuzikhethela ukunikezwa kwamandla okuhlukile.
I-echo sounder yokudoba idlulisa ama-oscillatory impulses kukholamu yamanzi futhi ithwebula ukubukeka kwayo kuzithiyo, okufana nezisetshenziswa zasolwandle nezinkatho zokuzulazula ngaphansi kwamanzi. Lonke lolu lwazi lubaluleke kakhulu kumdobi.
I-transceiver ingaphansi kwamanzi futhi ixhunywe kuyunithi yokulawula ikhebula. Ngokuvamile lena inzwa eyodwa, kodwa kukhona imisindo ye-echo enezimbili noma ezintathu. Ixhunywe kuyunithi yokulawula ngekhebula noma okungenantambo.
Indlela yakamuva isetshenziselwa imisindo ye-echo yasogwini, esetshenziswa ekudobeni okuphakelayo, ikakhulukazi, uma imakwa phansi.
Iyunithi yokulawula iqukethe i-analyzer yolwazi engena inzwa. Ithwebula isikhathi sokubuya sesiginali, ukuhlanekezela kwayo okuhlukahlukene. Ngayo, ungasetha imvamisa yesignali ehlukile, imvamisa ye-pulse kanye nokuvota kwenzwa.
Iphinde ibonise ulwazi esibukweni futhi ilawule ukusebenza kwedivayisi. Isikrini sibalulekile ku-angler, njengoba sikuvumela ukuba uhlaziye ulwazi olutholwe ku-echo sounder futhi wenze isinqumo esifanele lapho udoba.
Izimpahla zamandla zivame ukutholakala ngokuhlukana ne-echo sounder, njengoba zinkulu ngosayizi nesisindo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-echo sounder yekhwalithi ephezulu ichitha amandla anele kuma-acoustic impulses anamandla, ekukhanyiseni emuva nasekushisiseni isikrini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudoba esimweni sezulu esibandayo kunciphisa insiza yabo futhi kudinga ukushajwa ngokushesha. Amanye ama-echo sounders, ikakhulukazi okudoba ebusika, anamabhethri akhelwe kuyunithi yokulawula, kodwa insiza kanye nekhwalithi yamadivayisi anjalo kunqunyelwe.
Izinhlobo zemisindo ye-echo
Ngokomgomo wokusebenza, kuwumkhuba ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwemisindo ye-echo ene-engeli encane (izikena ezingezansi), ezine-engeli ebanzi, nemisindo ye-multibeam echo. Imisindo ye-Echo yokudoba ogwini inosayizi omncane wenzwa oxhunywe kuyunithi yokulawula ngokuxhumana okungenantambo. Inzwa inamathiselwe ekupheleni komugqa wokudoba bese iphonswa emanzini ukuze ihlole ngaphansi kwe-reservoir.
Iqembu elikhethekile lemisindo ye-echo yizikena zesakhiwo. Zenzelwe ukuthola isithombe esikhethekile, esikhanyayo ngesikhathi sokudoba futhi zivame ukusetshenziswa lapho udotshwa. Ekudobeni kwasebusika, kokubili izikena ezingezansi kanye nama-wide-angle echo sounders asetshenziswa. Ngokudoba olwandle olujulile, okuthiwa ama-flashers amahle kakhulu - ama-echo sounders abonisa umdlalo we-bait nokuziphatha kwezinhlanzi ezizungezile, kuhlanganise nokulunywa ngokucophelela.
Izikena ezingezansi
Lezi yizingoma ezilula kakhulu ze-echo, zenzelwe ukucacisa ukujula nokuncane - imvelo yaphansi. Akhiqizwa cishe yizo zonke izinkampani - Deeper, Fisher, Humminbird, Garmin, Lowrance, kodwa i-Praktik idume kakhulu phakathi kwethu ngenxa yentengo ephansi yerekhodi. Ngendlela, Abasebenzi banomugqa obanzi, ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukwenza inzwa emincane ye-beam ngentengo enjalo. Imishayo evela kunzwa yomsindo we-echo iyahluka nge-spectrum encane, cishe ama-degree angu-10-15. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uthole isithombe esinembe kahle sephansi elishintshayo ngqo ngaphansi kwesikebhe ngenkathi sihamba.
Isithombe sizobonisa ingxenye encane kuphela phansi, kodwa ikwazi ngokunembile ukunquma izimila ezikuyo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi nemvelo yenhlabathi.
Irediyasi encane yesenzo ingenxa ye-engeli ewumngcingo yokusakazwa komsindo. Isibonelo, ekujuleni kwamamitha angu-6-7, izobonisa isiqeshana esingaphansi esingaphansi kwemitha ububanzi.
Lokhu kuhle kakhulu ekutholeni imbobo encane lapho udobe khona okokugcina, kodwa kusebenza kabi kakhulu uma ufuna izinhlanzi ekujuleni. Isibonelo, ngisho nokujula kwe-thermocline kuzobonakala esikrinini, kodwa uma umhlambi wezinhlanzi ungamitha ukusuka esikebheni, hhayi ngaphansi kwawo, ngeke ubonakale.
Imisindo ye-echo ebanzi
Lapha i-angle yokusakaza ye-boam imayelana nama-degree angama-50-60. Kulokhu, ukumbozwa kukhulu kakhulu - ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-10, ungathwebula ingxenye yamamitha ayishumi phansi futhi ubone ukuthi yini engaphezulu kwayo. Ngeshwa, isithombe ngokwaso singahle sihlanekezelwe.
Iqiniso liwukuthi isikrini ngeke sithole umbono ophezulu, kodwa umbono wokubuka ohlangothini. Inhlanzi, ekhonjiswa i-echo sounder, ingama ngaphansi kwesikebhe, ibe kwesokunxele, kwesokudla. Ngenxa yokuhlanekezela, i-echo sounder ngeke inembe kakhulu. Ingase ingabonisi i-algae noma i-driftwood, noma ibonise ngendlela engafanele, inendawo encane eyimpumputhe ngokushesha eduze naphansi.
I-Double beam echo sounder
Ihlanganisa okubili okuchazwe ngenhla futhi inemishayo emibili: ene-engeli encane neyodwa ebanzi. Ikuvumela ukuthi uthole izinhlanzi ngempumelelo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo wenze isilinganiso sokujula sekhwalithi ephezulu. Iningi labatholi bezinhlanzi besimanje abangekho esigabeni samanani aphansi bangalolu hlobo, okuhlanganisa i-Deeper Pro, i-Lowrance yokudoba okuphakelayo. Ngeshwa, inhlanganisela yezici izenza kube nzima ukuzisebenzisa.
Abiza kakhulu hhayi kuphela ngenxa yemishini ye-acoustic eyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa nangenxa yosayizi wesikrini esikhulu. Phela, ngezinye izikhathi kufanele icabangele yomibili imishayo ngesikhathi esisodwa, okungeke kwenzeke esikrinini esincane. Ngenhlanhla, amamodeli anjalo avame ukuba nekhono lokusebenza ngokuhambisana ne-smartphone. Ngenxa yalokho, umvubukuli angakwazi ukubona yonke into esikrinini sedivayisi yakhe yeselula, ahlanganise ukufundwa kwechibi nokuqoshwa okuzenzakalelayo kwesithombe ebalazweni ohlelweni lwe-GPS futhi ngokushesha, kwesokudla esikrinini, maka amaphuzu athakazelisayo okudoba.
Iskena Sesakhiwo
Lolu uhlobo lwe-echo sounder ene-engeli ye-wide beam noma i-dual beam, ebonisa isithombe esikrinini hhayi njengokubuka okuseceleni, kodwa njenge-projection ye-isometric uma ibukwa kancane ukusuka phezulu. Isistimu enjalo ingabonisa i-topography engezansi ngesikhathi sangempela, njengokungathi i-angler indiza ngaphezu komhlaba endaweni ephansi futhi ibona wonke ama-bumps, grooves nezimbobo.
Isibonelo, lapho udoba kuthrekhi noma uhamba nge-echo sounder evamile, kufanele uhlole ngaso sonke isikhathi, ugxile ezinkomba zokujula, ukuze ungalahlekelwa umkhawulo omuhle noma uhambe ngqo emthambekeni.
Lokhu kwandisa isikhathi sokudlula kwesigaba esisodwa nengxenye kuya ezikhathini ezimbili. Lapho udoba nge-structurer, ungakwazi ukugcina inkambo ngokunembile emaphethelweni, kuyilapho wonke ama-gonds ayo kanye nokujika kuzobonakala.
Izinhlanzi ezihlelekile aziklanyelwe ukusebenza ekujuleni okukhulu, kodwa ezimweni zaseRussia, e-our country, eBelarus, eKazakhstan nase-Baltic States zivame ukudoba ekujuleni okungaphansi kwamamitha angu-25. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi uzulazule kahle kakhulu ngezansi, kodwa abakhi babiza kakhulu kunemisindo ye-echo ye-dual-beam, njengoba badinga isikrini esihle esinesibonisi sekhwalithi ephezulu.
Imisindo ye-Echo yokudoba ebusika
Njengomthetho, lawa ama-pocket echo sounders. Umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukukhombisa ukujula endaweni yokudoba. Imvamisa, lapho kubhobolwa izimbobo, ukulunywa kuhamba ngokuqinile ekujuleni okuthile, futhi isikhathi esincane kakhulu esichithwa ukuze kubholwe itafula ngaphansi kwamanzi lapho udoba i-perch osebeni lomfula, noma indawo yomgudu lapho udoba izinhlanzi ezimhlophe. Kokubili imisindo ye-echo ye-one-and two-beam echo iyasetshenziswa, lezi zamuva ziyakwazi futhi ukukhombisa izinhlanzi kwesokunxele nakwesokudla sembobo. Akukho ukunyakaza kwesikebhe lapha, ngakho-ke ngeke kwenzeke ukuthola uhlobo oluthile lwesithombe esiguquguqukayo sangaphansi. Isici esihlukile salezi misindo ye-echo usayizi wazo omncane nesisindo.
amafasila
Umsindo we-echo okhethekile odizayinelwe ukudoba ngezicucu zokwenziwa ebusika. Ayinaso isikrini sendabuko, futhi i-angler iqondiswa amadiski akhethekile e-LED ajikelezayo. Uhlelo ngokwalo lulula kakhulu, ngoba ngisho nakusihlwa nasebusuku konke kubonakala kahle, futhi usuku ebusika lufushane.
Iningi likhombisa ngokusobala umdlalo wokuheha, umhlaseli onentshisekelo kuwo, kanye nokuluma, kukuvumela ukuthi ulungise umdlalo ngendlela yokuthi ubangele ukuluma ngqo lapho izinhlanzi zisondela futhi zenze ezinye izinto eziningi ezingekho izinhlanzi ezijwayelekile. umtholi uyakwazi. Ngeshwa, akuwona usayizi omncane nesisindo, futhi kuzoba nzima ukuwabamba ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-sled-trough uma uphatha isibani usuku lonke ezandleni zakho.
Izici zomsindo we-Echo
Njengoba sekuvele kucace, enye yezimpawu zemisindo ye-echo i-engeli yokumboza. Ibonisa ukuthi iyiphi indawo ngaphansi kwayo umvubukuli ozoyibona. Njengomthetho, kunqunywa inani lemisebe ekhishwa inzwa. Izinzwa ezinhle azivamile ukuba nohlobo olulodwa lwe-beam, kodwa kumamodeli wesabelomali ngokuvamile ungathola i-sonar evulelwe i-engeli eyodwa yokusebenza. Ngokuvamile ingashintshwa uma ubeka enye inzwa futhi usebenze nezilungiselelo zesistimu.
Isici sesibili esibalulekile imvamisa yokusebenza. Ihluke kakhulu kuma-engeli e-beam ahlukene. Isibonelo, imishayo emincane isebenza cishe ku-180-250 kHz, kanye nemishayo ebanzi ku-80-90 kHz. Imvamisa iphinde isethwe kuzilungiselelo zeyunithi yokulawula noma kuzilungiselelo ezithuthukisiwe zenzwa.
Izinga lokuvota lesistimu libonisa ukuthi mangaki ama-oscillation ezikhathi ngesekhondi inzwa yesistimu ewathumelayo futhi ewamukelayo. Inokuncane okufana ngayo nemvamisa yokushaya komsindo we-echo sounder, ephakeme izikhathi eziningi. Kubaluleke kakhulu kulabo abadoba ngesikebhe esinenjini. Isibonelo, bazodinga i-echo sounder evotela inzwa okungenani izikhathi ezingu-40-60 ngomzuzwana. Izinga lokuvota eliphansi lizoholela emigqeni enyathelwe ngaphansi kwesikebhe esikhundleni sesithombe esicacile. Ngokudoba ngezigwedlo noma ukudoba eqhweni, ungasebenzisa i-echo sounder enezinga eliphansi lokuvota kwenzwa.
Amandla emitter awabonisi ngaso sonke isikhathi kuphasiphothi ye-echo sounder, kodwa ungathola le nkomba ngokujula okuphezulu kwedivayisi. Kwamanye amazwe, azalelwa ukudoba olwandle, inkulu impela futhi isukela kumamitha angama-70 kuye kwangama-300. Kuyacaca ukuthi ngokwemibandela yethu lokhu akudingekile nhlobo.
Isibonelo, izobonisa ukhaphethi wezitshalo phansi njengendawo engaphansi, engakwazi ukungena kuwo. Onamandla ngeke abonise izimila kanye nephansi kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinhlanzi kulo makhaphethi, lapho zivame ukuthanda ukuhlala khona.
Kuyafaneleka ukunaka kakhulu ukulungiswa kwesikrini nosayizi waso. Imisindo eminingi ye-echo inesikrini se-LCD esimnyama nesimhlophe. Ngokuvamile ukulungiswa kwesithwebuli kukhulu kunokulungiswa kwesikrini. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka ukubona inhlanzi ngamasentimitha amahlanu kuya kwayishumi ukusuka phansi noma i-driftwood ngenxa yokuthi amaphikseli avele ahlangane abe munye. Ngesikrini esihle nesicacile, konke lokhu kungabonakala.
Isikrini esimnyama nesimhlophe noma esinemibala? Okumnyama nokumhlophe kubonisa yonke into nge-grayscale, futhi uma ukulungiswa kwesikrini kuphezulu ngokwanele, bese usebenzisa izinkinobho zokusetha, ungakwazi ukukhomba izinhlanzi noma ama-snags aphansi, ukhethe amaqabunga e-algae ngaphansi kwamanzi noma iziqu zawo, unqume ukuthi zishona kangakanani. Isikrini sombala sibiza kakhulu kunesimnyama nesimhlophe ngosayizi ofanayo nokulungiswa. Imvamisa inombala ohlukile, ocwebezelayo, ikuvumela ukuthi ubone izinto ngaphandle kokulungiswa, kodwa ukucaca kwesibonisi kuzoba kuncane.
Ngokujulile, kufanele uthathe ukukhanya kwesithombe esikrinini. Isibonelo, isikrini se-Lowrance esihle futhi esibizayo sikuvumela ukuthi ufunde ulwazi ekukhanyeni kwelanga elikhanyayo ngaphandle kokukhumula izibuko zakho, futhi kusihlwa, uma ukhanyisa i-backlight. Akunakwenzeka ukudoba nge-echo sounder, okufanele uyimboze ngesandla sakho bese uphendulela ikhanda lakho ukuze ubone okuthile lapho. Yingakho isikrini saso sizobiza kakhulu.
Ezimweni ezibandayo, kuyadingeka futhi ukukhetha i-echo sounder ngesikrini esishisayo. Ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngosizo lwe-backlight eyenza ukushisa. Isikrini sekhwalithi ephezulu esingamelana nesithwathwa sinamamodeli abizayo, futhi asikho isidingo sokushisisa okukhethekile. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukunakekela ukuvikela amamodeli emakhazeni.
Amabhethri ayingxenye esinda kakhulu yesistimu ye-sonar. Zenziwa ngesisekelo sokuhola, ngoba zonke ezinye azenzi kahle kakhulu kumswakama ophezulu. Isici esiyinhloko sebhethri yi-voltage yokusebenza namandla. I-voltage yokusebenza ikhethwa ngama-volts, umthamo ngamahora we-ampere. Uma wazi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwe-echo sounder, unganquma ukuthi ibhethri lizohlala lingakanani.
Ukuze uthole ukudoba okuhle ehlobo izinsuku ezimbili, udinga ukuthatha ibhethri okungenani amahora ayishumi ampere. Udinga ukuyikhethela ishaja efanelekile, engeke ishaje ibhethri ngokushesha futhi iyivimbe. Kwezinye izimo, isitolo sezinto ezilahlwayo sisetshenziswa, sixhuma ochungechungeni, ikakhulukazi uma bengahambi njalo ukudoba.
Ikhono lokuxhuma i-navigator ye-GPS likuvumela ukuthi wandise kakhulu amakhono we-echo sounder. Ngokwazo, amamodeli ane-navigator eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ayabiza kakhulu futhi akwenzi mqondo ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuwathenga. Ngokuvamile abanaso isikhombimsebenzisi esilula kakhulu esingahambelani nawo wonke amadivaysi eselula. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma kungenzeka ukuxhuma umakhalekhukhwini nge-navigator, ungakwazi ukulandelela okuphansi hhayi endizeni eqondile kuphela, kodwa nakweyavundlile, urekhode ukufundwa usebenzisa uhlelo olukhethekile futhi wenze ezinye izinto eziningi.
Indlela yokubuka izinhlanzi esikrinini se-sonar
Kubalulekile hhayi kuphela ukukhetha idivayisi efanele, kodwa futhi ufunde indlela yokuyisebenzisa. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-classic echo sounder ibonisa phansi, izinto ezikuyo, i-algae engezansi kanye nekholomu yamanzi, ama-bubbles ngaphansi kwamanzi. I-echo sounder ayibonisi umzimba wezinhlanzi - ibonisa kuphela isinye sokubhukuda, lapho umoya ubonakala kahle.
Ngokuvamile, izindlela ezimbili zokubonisa zitholakala - ngendlela yezinhlanzi nangendlela yama-arcs. Indlela yokugcina ilungile kakhulu. Ngokuma kwe-arc, ungakwazi ukunquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlangothi lwesikebhe inhlanzi cishe, lapho ihamba khona, uma ihamba, qagela ukuthi iyiphi inhlanzi. Ubukhulu be-arc abubonisi ngaso sonke isikhathi ubukhulu bayo. Isibonelo, i-catfish enkulu ngaphansi ingaba ne-arc encane, futhi i-pike encane ekholamu yamanzi ingaba nenkulu. Lapha kubalulekile ukuzijwayeza lapho usebenza nemodeli ethile ye-echo sounder.
Ukukhweza kanye nezokuthutha
Ngokwayo, ukuqiniswa kwenzelwe ukudlula kwesikebhe, ebhange, uma kuyisikebhe esine-inflatable. Kusetshenziswa inzwa yohlobo oluqinile ukuze ingachezuki lapho ihamba futhi ihlale ibheke phansi. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kubalulekile ukuthi inzwa ingaphumi noma icishe ingaphumeleli ngalé kwezansi. Kulokhu, uma isikebhe siwela phansi, inzwa izothola umonakalo omncane. Izikhwezi eziningi ezinophawu zinokuvikeleka lapho inzwa izogoqeka lapho inomthelela, noma ibha yokukhweza izophuka, kodwa idivayisi ngokwayo izohlala injalo.
Ungasebenzisa futhi ama-mounts ngokwezifiso. Kusetshenziswa ama-clamps ahlukahlukene, ngosizo lapho inzwa kanye neyunithi yokulawula enamathiselwe ngendlela elula ku-angler. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukugcina amathuba okulungisa ukucwiliswa futhi uqinisekise ukuthi akukho okwenzekayo kumsindo we-echo uma kwenzeka kushayisana okungenamandla kakhulu nebhange lesihlabathi.
Abanye basebenzisa izinkomishi zokumunca. Kuyenzeka, kodwa akuthembeki ngokuphelele. Inkomishi yokumunca ingahlala igxuma uma kushisa elangeni nomoya ongaphansi kwayo uyakhula, ukuphuka kwe-vacuum, okokusebenza kwenkomishi yokumunca kuyawohloka lapho kushisa futhi kupholiswa, futhi kungenzeka isimo esingemnandi.
Imisindo ye-Echo yokudoba ogwini iza neyodwa engakwazi ukugoqwa kalula endaweni yokuphumula evamile esikhundleni seflaya.
Uma kungenjalo, ungakwazi kalula ukwenza okufanayo ngokwakho. I-stand isetshenziselwa i-smartphone exhunywe kumtholi wezinhlanzi nge-Bluetooth noma i-Wi-Fi protocol, le yokugcina ifaneleka kakhulu amabanga amade.
Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi izidingo zesikrini se-smartphone zizofana nesikrini se-sonar: kufanele sibonakale ngokucacile futhi singesabi amanzi. Isibonelo, i-iPhone yesishiyagalombili ingasetshenziswa, kodwa i-smartphone yesabelomali ayifanele le njongo - ayibonakali elangeni futhi izophuka lapho amanzi engena.
Esikebheni, iyunithi yokulawula enesikrini ngokuvamile ixhunywe ebhange noma i-transom. Ukuzibopha ebhange kungcono, ngoba akuphazamisi ukubamba nokukhipha izinhlanzi, kancane kancane ukunamathela emgqeni wokudoba. Imvamisa basebenzisa i-clamp mount, ene-hinged stand ekhethekile ekuvumela ukuthi nobabili nilungise i-engeli yesikrini ezindizeni ezintathu futhi niyilungise ngokuphakama.
Ibhethri le-echo sounder kumele libe nesivikelo esikhethekile emanzini. Ezimweni eziningi, ibhethri lemoto elizinikezele lingasetshenziswa. Futhi uma bebamba naye, khona-ke zondla kuye ngqo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyacatshangelwa ukuthi umthamo webhethri uzosetshenziswa kokubili ekuqhubekeleni phambili kwesikebhe nasekusebenzeni kwe-echo sounder. Uma ibhethri izenzela, khona-ke kufanele uyivikele emanzini ngokucophelela, usebenzisa i-epoxy, ama-resin kanye ne-plastic casing, ukunaka kakhulu ukufakwa koxhumana nabo. Akekho ofuna ukuhlala esikebheni esinebhethri elichithekile phansi.
Ukuthuthwa kwalolu hlelo lonke lwenziwa esitsheni esikhethekile. Kungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa uhlobo lwebhokisi eliqinile lokwakha. Usindisa i-echo sounder emonakalweni, ukushaqeka. Uma ungakufuni lokhu, ungakwazi ukujwayela isikhwama esidala esishisayo, isikhwama sezinto zokusebenza zezithombe, nanoma yisiphi esinye isikhwama esinamandla ngokwanele sokuthutha, usinamathisele ngegwebu le-polyurethane ngaphakathi ukuze usivikele ekushaqekeni okuncane kwengozi. Isibani singathwalwa yisibambo; ekuqaleni ineplatifomu lapho kubekwa khona i-clamp yokunamathisela inzwa.