Ibhungane lobulongwe (Coprinellus domesticus) isithombe nencazelo

Ibhungane lobulongwe (I-coprinella yasekhaya)

• I-Agaricus domesticus Bolton, Hist. (1788)
• Izingubo zasekhaya (Bolton)

Ukhaphethi owolintshi we-shaggy wawudume kakhulu ngeminyaka yawo-XNUMX, kodwa sibonga ukuthi manje usephelelwe yisikhathi, kanye namalambu asebusuku amise okwe-cactus nama-macramé tapestries. Kodwa-ke, bakhohlwe ukutshela lokhu ku-Dung Man: wendlala umata osawolintshi okhanyayo okhanyayo ezingodweni ezifile ehlathini ngendlela yesidala.

Lo khaphethi ubizwa ngokuthi “i-ozonium” futhi uma wendlalwe endaweni esobala, awukho umbuzo wokuhlonza. Lo mbukiso owubukhazikhazi udalwa yizinhlobo eziningana zezibhungane zobulongwe, phakathi kwazo i-Coprinellus domesticus kanye ne-Coprinellus radians efanayo, lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zicishe zibe ngamawele, kuzothatha isibonakhulu ukuzehlukanisa.

Yile ndlela i-ozonium ebukeka ngayo, lezi ziyi-hyphae yemifino ye-mycelium, zibonakala ngokucacile ngeso lenyama (isithombe sika-Alexander Kozlovsky):

Kodwa-ke, kunezibonelo zazo zombili lezi zinhlobo ezingenazo i-ozonium - lapho zingena khona ezinhlwini zamabhungane amaningi angenakulinganiswa ampunga akhula okhunini, futhi ukuhlonza kuqala ukuncika ezintweni ezinjengokwakheka kwe-microscopic yama-granules nezikali ezingaphezulu kwekepisi. .

Ibhungane lobulongwe, kanye nezinye isikhunta esifana ne-Peziza domiciliana noma i-Peziza cerea (I-Basement Peziza), kwesinye isikhathi ibamba ama-substrates asendlini aswakeme, njengamapulangwe noma izitebhisi ezindlini ezingaphansi, okhaphethi basendlini yokugezela, ifenisha ewupholstered endlini yezwe.

UMichael Kuo uyabhala:

Cishe kabili ngonyaka ngithola ama-imeyili achaza lawa makhowe. Uma le mibiko ethusayo ingaba ubufakazi besayensi (futhi ayikwazi), mhlawumbe i-ozonium ayibonakali kancane noma ayikho ekhaya. . . noma mhlawumbe ababhali bawo wonke ama-imeyili ami banokhaphethi wokugezela wamashumi ayisikhombisa futhi ababoni nje i-ozonium.

ikhanda: 1-5, kuyaqabukela kufika ku-7 cm ububanzi kubantu abadala, i-oval, i-ovoid esemncane, khona-ke imiphetho iyanwebeka, ukwakheka kwe-cap kuyashintsha ku-convex noma i-conical. Umbala esemncane uba luju oluphuzi futhi ube mhlophe uma ubheke emaphethelweni, lapho usukhulile uba mpunga futhi ube maphakathi nombala onsundu ngokugqwala. Ikepisi lonke limbozwe izinsalela ze-spathe evamile ngendlela yezikali ezincane noma ama-granules amise ngendlela engavamile, lezi zikali zimhlophe, zimhlophe, kamuva ziba nsundu. Emakhowe amadala, akhukhulwa yimvula. Sonke isigqoko kusukela onqenqemeni futhi cishe kuya enkabeni sise "rib" encane. Imiphetho ivame ukuqhekeka, ikakhulukazi kumakhowe amadala.

amapuleti: njalo, izacile, ibanzi, i-lamellar, inamathela noma icishe ikhululeke, ekuqaleni imhlophe, ilula, kodwa ngokushesha iba mpunga, ibe mnyama, ibe mnyama, futhi igcine isakazeke, iguquke ibe “yiyinki” emnyama.

Leg: 4-10 cm ubude, 0,2-0,8 cm ubukhulu, kuyaqabukela kufika ku-1 cm (esibonelweni esincane). Ifulethi elinesisekelo esivuvuke kancane, elibushelelezi, elimhlophe, elingenalutho. Ngezinye izikhathi phansi komlenze ungabona umngcele omise okwe-volvo. Ngokuvamile, eduze kwemilenze yebhungane Lobulongwe, iqoqo lemicu yawolintshi, elifana nekhaphethi, libonakala ngokucacile.

Umtfumbu: imhlophe, izacile kakhulu, intekenteke. Emlenzeni - fibrous.

Iphunga futhi unambitha: ngaphandle kwezici.

I-spore powder imprint: omnyama noma omnyama-nsundu.

Impikiswano 6-9 x 3,5-5 µm, i-elliptical, bushelelezi, egelezayo, enezimbotshana ezi-eccentric, ensundu.

I-Saprophyte. Imizimba ethela izithelo ivela ngamaqoqo aminyene noma amaqembu amancane, kwesinye isikhathi iyodwa. Zikhula ezingodweni zokhuni oluqinile olubolayo, okhunini olufile olucwiliswe ku-substrate, okhunini olumanzi olunakiwe, kanye nakuma-sawdust, ama-shavings, imicu yezinkuni ezixutshweni ezihlukahlukene zenhlabathi.

Kusukela ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, ihlobo nekwindla (noma ubusika ezindaweni ezifudumele), endlini - unyaka wonke. Itholakala ezingadini, emapaki, ezindaweni zokuhlala, emigwaqweni, emasimini nasemahlathini. Kusabalele kuzo zonke izifunda.

Amakhowe adliwa esemncane kuze kube yilapho inqubo yokuhlaziya i-autolysis isiqalile (ngenkathi amapuleti emhlophe). Sincoma ukubilisa kusengaphambili okungenani imizuzu emi-5. Kodwa inani elincane le-pulp kanye nokunambitha okuncane kukwenza kungathandeki kubaqoki bamakhowe. Nokho, kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, ibhungane lobulongwe, njengebhungane lobulongwe, libhekwa njengezibiliboco zokudlela.

Kunombono oqinile wokuthi zonke izinkubabulongwe azihambisani notshwala. Lesi akusona isitatimende esilungile ngokuphelele. Ichazwe ngokuningiliziwe encwadini ethi "I-Dung beetle mushroom notshwala".

Imithombo eminingi ikhombisa ibhungane lobulongwe njengekhowe elingadliwa noma “Ukudleka akwaziwa”.

Ngamazwi alula: i-pulp ku-cap incane, akukho ukudla lapho, umlenze unzima, futhi uma ukholelwa "kumandla okulwa notshwala", awukwazi ukuwukhonza etafuleni noma.

Ibhungane lobulongwe elikhazimulayo (Coprinellus radians)

I-Coprinellus radians inezinhlamvu ezinkulu (8,5-11,5 x 5,5-7 µm). Izinsalela zeveyili esigqokweni ziphuzi ngokubomvu-nsundu, azimhlophe.

Ibhungane lobulongwe begolide (Coprinellus xanthothrix)

Ngokuvamile, kuncane kakhulu kune-Homemade, izinsalela ze-bedspread zinsundu phakathi nendawo futhi zi-creamy ngasemaphethelweni.

I-Coprinellus ellisii ngezikali ezinsundu-beige.

Ibhungane lobulongwe elicwebezelayo (Coprinellus micaceus)

Uma i-ozonium ingatholakali endaweni yokukhula kwamakhowe, khona-ke enye yezinhlobo ezifana ne-beetle yobulongwe obucwebezelayo ingacatshangwa.

Kodwa kufanele kuqondwe: i-ozonium ingase ingabonakali, ingase ichithwe noma ingakabi nesikhathi sokwenza "ikhaphethi". Kulesi simo, incazelo yezinhlobo zezilwane ingenzeka kuphela ngokwemiphumela ye-microscopy, futhi ngisho nangcono - ngemva kokuhlaziywa kofuzo.

Isithombe: Andrey.