Okuqukethwe
Ukuzalwa kwengane kuyinjabulo enkulu kuwo wonke umndeni, abazali baphupha ukuthi ingane yabo izalwe inempilo. Ukuzalwa kwengane nganoma yisiphi isifo kuba ukuhlolwa okunzima. I-Down syndrome, eyenzeka ezinganeni eziyinkulungwane, ibangelwa ukuba khona kwe-chromosome eyengeziwe emzimbeni, okuholela ekuphazamisekeni ekukhuleni kwengqondo nomzimba wengane. Lezi zingane zinezifo eziningi ze-somatic.
I-Down's disease yi-genetic anomaly, isifo se-chromosomal sokuzalwa esenzeka ngenxa yokwanda kwenani lama-chromosome. Izingane ezine-syndrome esikhathini esizayo zihlushwa ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic kanye nokukhuluphala, azinangqondo, azikhuli kahle ngokomzimba, ziphazamise ukunyakaza kokunyakaza. Isici esiyisici sezingane ezine-Down syndrome ukukhula kancane.
Kukholakala ukuthi i-syndrome yenza zonke izingane zifane, kodwa akunjalo, kukhona ukufana nokuhluka okuningi phakathi kwezingane. Banezici ezithile zomzimba ezivamile kubo bonke abantu abane-Down syndrome, kodwa futhi banezici abazizuze njengefa kubazali babo futhi bafane nodadewabo nabafowabo. Ngo-1959, uprofesa waseFrance uLejeune wachaza ukuthi yini eyabangela i-Down's syndrome, wafakazela ukuthi lokhu kwakungenxa yezinguquko zofuzo, ukuba khona kwe-chromosome eyengeziwe.
Ngokuvamile ingqamuzana ngalinye linama-chromosome angu-46, ingxenye yezingane iwathola kumama nengxenye kubaba. Umuntu one-Down syndrome unama-chromosome angu-47. Izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zokungajwayelekile kwe-chromosomal zaziwa ku-Down syndrome, njenge-trisomy, okusho ukuphindwa kabili kwe-chromosome 21 futhi ikhona kukho konke. Kuvela ngenxa yokwephulwa kwenqubo ye-meiosis. Ifomu lokudlulisa livezwa ngokunamathiselwa kwengalo yechromosome 21 kwenye ichromosome; ngesikhathi se-meiosis, zombili zingena engqamuzaneni eliwumphumela.
Ifomu le-mosaic libangelwa ukwephulwa kwenqubo ye-mitosis kwelinye lamaseli esiteji se-blastula noma se-gastrula. Kusho ukuphindwa kathathu kwe-chromosome 21, etholakala kokuphuma kokunye kwaleli seli. Ukuxilongwa kokugcina ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhulelwa kwenziwa ngemva kokuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-karyotype enikeza ulwazi mayelana nosayizi, umumo kanye nenani lama-chromosome kusampula yeseli. Kwenziwa kabili emavikini angu-11-14 nangamaviki angu-17-19 okukhulelwa. Ngakho ungakwazi ukucacisa ngokunembile imbangela yokukhubazeka kokuzalwa noma ukuphazamiseka emzimbeni wengane engakazalwa.
Izimpawu ze-Down syndrome ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa
Ukuxilongwa kwe-Down syndrome kungenziwa ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa kwengane ngokusho kwezici zesici ezibonakalayo ngisho nangaphandle kwezifundo zofuzo. Izingane ezinjalo zihlukaniswa nekhanda elincane eliyindilinga, ubuso obuyisicaba, intamo emfushane neyigqinsi ene-crease ngemuva kwekhanda, i-Mongoloid slit emehlweni, ukuqina kolimi olunomugqa ojulile we-longitudinal, izindebe eziqinile, nama-auricles ayisicaba anama-lobe anamathelayo. Amachashazi amaningi amhlophe aphawulwa ku-iris yamehlo, ukwanda kokuhamba kwamalunga kanye nethoni yemisipha ebuthakathaka ibonakala.
Imilenze nezingalo zifinyezwe ngokuphawulekayo, iminwe emincane ezandleni igobile futhi inikezwe imisele emibili kuphela yokugoba. Isundu linomsele owodwa ophambanayo. Kukhona ukukhubazeka kwesifuba, i-strabismus, ukuzwa nokungaboni kahle noma ukungabikho kwabo. I-Down syndrome ingahambisana nokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo yokuzalwa, i-leukemia, ukuphazamiseka kwepheshana lesisu, i-pathology yokuthuthukiswa komgogodla.
Ukuze kufinyelelwe esiphethweni sokugcina, kwenziwa ucwaningo oluningiliziwe lwesethi ye-chromosome. Amasu akhethekile anamuhla akuvumela ukuba ulungise ngempumelelo isimo somntwana one-Down syndrome futhi usivumelanise nokuphila okuvamile. Izimbangela ze-Down syndrome aziqondwa ngokugcwele, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuthi ngokuya ngeminyaka, kuba nzima ngowesifazane ukuzala ingane enempilo.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma ingane ene-Down Syndrome izalwa?
Uma kungekho okungashintshwa, isinqumo sowesifazane sokubeletha umntwana onjalo asiguquki futhi ukubonakala kwengane engavamile kuba yiqiniso, khona-ke ochwepheshe bayeluleka omama ngokushesha ngemva kokuxilonga ingane ene-Down syndrome ukunqoba ukucindezeleka futhi benze konke kanjalo. ukuthi umntwana azikhonze yena. Kwezinye izimo, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kuyadingeka ukuze kuqedwe i-pathology ethile, lokhu kusebenza esimweni sezitho zangaphakathi.
Kufanele kwenziwe ezinyangeni eziyisi-6 neziyi-12, futhi ngokuzayo, isheke lonyaka lekhono lokusebenza lendlala yegilo. Kunezinhlelo eziningi ezikhethekile ezidaliwe ukuze zivumelane nalaba bafana empilweni. Kusukela emasontweni okuqala okuphila, kufanele kube nokuxhumana okuseduze phakathi kwabazali nengane, ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono emoto, izinqubo zengqondo, nokuthuthukiswa kokuxhumana. Lapho befinyelela iminyaka engu-1,5, izingane zingaya emakilasini eqembu ukuze zilungiselele inkulisa.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-3 ubudala, ehlonze ingane ene-Down syndrome enkulisa, abazali bamnika ithuba lokuthola amakilasi akhethekile, ukuxhumana nontanga. Inqwaba yezingane, yiqiniso, ifunda ezikoleni ezikhethekile, kodwa izikole zemfundo evamile ngezinye izikhathi ziyazamukela izingane ezinjalo.