Le sikashukela yisifo esingelapheki esenzeka lapho umzimba wehluleka ukusebenzisa ngendlela efanele ushukela (iglucose), “enguwoyela” obalulekile ekusebenzeni kwayo. I-glucose, engamuncwa kabi amaseli, bese inqwabelana egazini bese idedelwa emchamweni. Lokhu kugcwala kweglucose ephezulu ngokungavamile egazini kubizwa i-hyperglycemia. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kungabangela izinkinga emehlweni, izinso, inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.

Isifo sikashukela singabangelwa ukungakwazi, ngokwengxenye noma okuphelele, kwesifo sikashukela kwamanyikwe ukwenza insulin, okuyi-hormone ebalulekile ekumunceni i-glucose ngamaseli. Kungase futhi kuphakame ekungakwazini kwamaseli ukusebenzisa i-insulin ukuthatha i-glucose. Kuzo zombili izimo, amaseli ancishwa okuyinhloko yawo umthombo wamandla, ilandela nakanjani imiphumela ebalulekile yomzimba, njengokukhathala okudlulele noma izinkinga zokwelapha ngokwesibonelo.

Le glucose ivela emithonjeni emi-2: ukudla ecebile kuma-carbohydrate adliwayo futhi isibindi (egcina i-glucose ngemva kokudla bese iyikhiphela egazini uma kudingeka). Uma isikhishiwe ekudleni ngohlelo lokugaya ukudla, i-glucose idlulela egazini. Ukuze amangqamuzana omzimba akwazi ukusebenzisa lo mthombo wamandla obalulekile, adinga ukungenelela kwe insulin.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zesifo sikashukela

Ukuze uthole incazelo eningiliziwe yezinhlobo ze sikashukela (izimpawu, ukuvimbela, ukwelashwa, njll.), thintana nephepha ngalinye elinikezelwe kuwo.

• Thayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-1. Okubizwa nangokuthi “ushukela i-insulinodependant "(DID) noma" isifo sikashukela juvenile Isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 senzeka lapho amanyikwe engasakhiqizi noma engasakhiqizi i-insulin eyanele. Lokhu kungabangelwa ukuhlasela kwegciwane noma okunobuthi, noma ukusabela kwe-autoimmune okubhubhisa amaseli e-beta kumanyikwe, abhekele ukuhlanganiswa kwe-insulin. Lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela luhlasela kakhulu izingane kanye nabantu abadala, nakuba kubonakala kwanda ukwanda kwabantu abadala. Kuthinta cishe u-10% wabantu abanesifo sikashukela.
• Thayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2. Okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "isifo sikashukela esingancikile ku-insulin" noma "isifo sikashukela. womuntu omdala Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sibonakala ngokuthi umzimba awuzweli ku-insulin. Le nkinga ivamise ukuvela kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-45 ubudala, kodwa lesi sifo sikhula kakhulu kubantu abasha. Lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela, oluvame kakhulu, luhlasela cishe amaphesenti angama-90 abantu abanesifo sikashukela.
• Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa. Kuchazwa njenganoma yisiphi isifo sikashukela noma ukungabekezelelani kweglucose okubonakala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ukukhulelwa, ngokuvamile ngesikhathi se-2^e Noma i-3^e i-trimester. Imvamisa, isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa singesesikhashana futhi siyaphela ngokushesha ngemva kokubeletha.

Kukhona olunye uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela olubizwa ngokuthi isifo sikashukela insipidus. Kuyisifo esingajwayelekile esibangelwa ukukhiqizwa okunganele kwehomoni ye-antidiuretic yindlala yepituitary ebizwa ngokuthi “vasopressin”. Isifo sikashukela i-insipidus sihambisana nokwanda kokuphuma komchamo, kuyilapho amazinga kashukela egazi ehlala evamile ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, akuhlangene ne- ushukela onesifo sikashukela. Ibizwa ngokuthi “isifo sikashukela” insipidus ngoba, njengakushukela, ukugeleza komchamo kuningi. Nokho, umchamo awunambitheki kunokuba ube mnandi. (Igama livela ezindleleni zasendulo zokuxilonga: ukunambitha umchamo!)

Abanesifo sikashukela, bayanda futhi baningi

Nakuba ufuzo luneqhaza ekuqalweni kwalo, ukwanda kwezifo sikashukela kuyaukudla futhi indlela yempilo okuyinto evamile eNtshonalanga: ukuchichima koshukela ocolile, amafutha agcwele kanye nenyama, ukuntuleka kwe-fiber yokudla, isisindo esiningi, ukuntuleka kokuzivocavoca umzimba. Lapho lezi zici zikhuphuka kakhulu esibalweni esithile sabantu, ziba nkulu izehlakalo zesifo sikashukela.

Ngokusho theI-Public Health Agency yaseCanada, embikweni oshicilelwe ngo-2008-09, abantu baseCanada abayizigidi ezingu-2,4 batholakala benesifo sikashukela (6,8%), kuhlanganise nezigidi ezingu-1,2 eziphakathi kweminyaka engu-25 ne-64.

Iphethini ibonakala iyiqiniso lapho kufundwa izigameko zalesi sifo emazweni asathuthuka: njengoba izingxenye ezinkulu zabantu zisebenzisa i- ukudla Futhi eyodwa indlela yempilo okufana nesethu, izigameko zesifo sikashukela, kokubili uhlobo 1 nohlobo 2, ziyakhula¹.

Izinkinga ezingenzeka zesifo sikashukela

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abantu abanesifo sikashukela abangenawo amandla okulawula isifo sabo basengozini yezinkinga ezihlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ngenxa i-hyperglycemia isikhathi eside kubangela ukulimala kwezicubu kuma-capillaries wegazi nezinzwa, kanye nokuncipha kwemithambo. Lezi zinkinga azibathinti bonke abanesifo sikashukela, futhi uma kwenzeka, kuba ngamazinga ahlukahlukene. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe, bheka ishidi lethu Lezinkinga Zesifo Sikashukela.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu izinkinga ezingapheliisifo sikashukela esingalawulwa kahle (ngokwesibonelo ngenxa yokukhohlwa, ukubalwa okungalungile kwemithamo ye-insulin, izinguquko ezisheshayo ezidingweni ze-insulin ngenxa yokugula noma ingcindezi, njll.) izinkinga zamanzi okulandelayo:

Isifo sikashukela i-ketoacidosis

Lesi isimo esingaba yiso ebulalayo. Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela uhlobo 1 engelashiwe noma engatholanga ukwelashwa okwanele (isb ukuntuleka kwe-insulin), i-glucose ihlala egazini futhi ayisatholakali ukuthi isetshenziswe njengomthombo wamandla. (Lokhu kungenzeka futhi nakubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 abalashwa nge-insulin.) Ngakho-ke umzimba kufanele esikhundleni sikashukela ubeke omunye uphethiloli: ama-acids anamafutha. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-fatty acids kukhiqiza imizimba ye-ketone, yona, yandisa i-acidity yomzimba.

Izimpawu : umoya onezithelo, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza kanye nobuhlungu besisu. Uma kungekho ongenelayo, ukuphefumula kanzima, ukudideka, ukuquleka, nokufa kungenzeka.

Ungayithola kanjani: ushukela wegazi ophakeme, imvamisa cishe u-20 mmol / l (360 mg / dl) futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngaphezulu.

Okufanele ngikwenze : uma kutholwa i-ketoacidosis, vakashela ku- isevisi esiphuthumayo esibhedlela bese uthintana nodokotela wakho kamuva ukuze ulungise imithi.

Isimo se-hyperosmolar

Lapho Thayipha i-2 sikashukela Uma ingelashwa, i-hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome ingenzeka. Lokhu kuyiqiniso eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha ubani ebulalayo ezimweni ezingaphezu kuka-50%. Lesi simo sibangelwa ukunqwabelana kwe-glucose egazini, edlula i-33 mmol / l (600 mg / dl).

Izimpawu : ukwanda kokuchama, ukoma okukhulu kanye nezinye izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni (ukuncipha kwesisindo, ukulahlekelwa ukunwebeka kwesikhumba, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila elomile, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okwandisiwe kanye nomfutho wegazi ophansi).

Ungayithola kanjani: Izinga likashukela wegazi elingaphezu kwama-33 mmol / l (600 mg / dl).

Okufanele ngikwenze : uma kutholwa isimo se-hyperosmolar, iya ku isevisi esiphuthumayo esibhedlela bese uthintana nodokotela wakho kamuva ukuze ulungise imithi.