I-Dermatoscope

Kungenzeka ukusola ukuba khona kwe-melanoma eyingozi ngezibonakaliso eziningana: imingcele ye-asymmetric, engalingani futhi ekhulayo yemvukuzane, umbala ongavamile, ububanzi obungaphezu kuka-6 mm. Kodwa ezigabeni zokuqala, kunzima kakhulu ukuxilonga lesi sifo ngezimpawu ezibonakalayo, ngoba i-melanoma yokuqala ingase ifane nezimpawu zomtholampilo ze-atypical nevus. Ukwethulwa kwe-dermatoscopy emsebenzini wezokwelapha kwavulela amathuba amasha okuba odokotela bahlole amabala ombala esikhumbeni futhi kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuhlonza i-melanoma ebulalayo kusenesikhathi.

Kungani kudingeka i-dermatoscopy?

I-Dermoscopy iyindlela engavamile (ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi zokuhlinza) yokuhlola umbala kanye ne-microstructure yezingqimba zesikhumba ezahlukene (i-epidermis, i-dermo-epidermal junction, i-papillary dermis).

Ngosizo lwayo, ukunemba kokunquma isigaba sokuqala se-melanoma sekufinyelele ku-90%. Futhi lezi yizindaba ezinhle kakhulu kithi sonke, ngoba umdlavuza wesikhumba umdlavuza ovame kakhulu emhlabeni.

Zivame kakhulu kunomdlavuza wamaphaphu, webele noma wendlala yesinye, futhi kule minyaka engamashumi amathathu edlule, inani lamacala alesi sifo liye landa kakhulu.

Ingozi ye-melanoma ukuthi ungayithola kungakhathaliseki ubudala noma umbala wesikhumba. Kunombono oyiphutha wokuthi i-melanoma yenzeka emazweni ashisayo kuphela. Bona, kanye nabathandi be-solariums, kanye nabantu abanesikhumba esihle, empeleni basengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo. Kodwa akekho ogonyelwe umdlavuza wesikhumba, ngoba enye yezimbangela zalesi sifo i-ultraviolet, futhi zonke izakhamuzi zeplanethi zithinteka kakhulu kuwo.

Wonke umuntu unama-moles nezimpawu zokuzalwa, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi azalwa kabusha futhi abe usongo lwangempela empilweni yomuntu. Ukubikezelwa kokuthuthukiswa kwesifo ngokuqondile kuncike ekufikeni kwesikhathi kokuxilongwa. Futhi ngenxa yalokhu kuyadingeka ukwenza i-dermatoscopy - ukuhlolwa okungenabuhlungu usebenzisa i-dermatoscope.

Ukucwaninga kwezindawo ezisolisayo zesikhumba, njengomthetho, kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-microscope yokukhanya. Ngamanye amazwi, isikhumba siguquguquka ngedivayisi ekhethekile enengilazi yokukhulisa, okuvumela udokotela ukuba ahlole izinguquko hhayi kuphela ngaphandle kwe-epidermis, kodwa nasezindaweni ezijulile. Usebenzisa i-dermatoscope yesimanje, ungabona izinguquko zesakhiwo kusuka ku-0,2 microns ngosayizi (ukuqhathanisa: i-peck yothuli cishe i-1 micron).

Iyini i-dermatoscope

Lihunyushwe lisuselwa esiGrekini, igama lalo mshini lisho “ukuhlola isikhumba.” I-dermatoscope iyithuluzi le-dermatological lokuhlola izingqimba ezihlukene zesikhumba. Iqukethe ingilazi yokukhulisa engu-10-20x, ipuleti esobala, umthombo wokukhanya ongeyona i-polarized kanye ne-liquid medium ngesimo sesendlalelo sejeli. I-dermatoscope iklanyelwe ukuhlola ama-moles, izimpawu zokuzalwa, ama-warts, ama-papillomas nokunye ukwakheka esikhumbeni. Kulezi zinsuku, idivayisi isetshenziselwa ukunquma ukuwohloka kwesikhumba okuyingozi nokubi ngaphandle kwe-biopsy. Kodwa ukunemba kokuxilongwa kusetshenziswa i-dermatoscopy, njengangaphambili, kuncike ekuqeqesheni udokotela ozokwenza ukuxilongwa.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-dermatoscope

Ukusetshenziswa kwendabuko nokuvame kakhulu kwe-dermatoscope ukuxilongwa okuhlukile kwama-neoplasms esikhumba. Okwamanje, idivayisi ingasetshenziselwa ezinye izinjongo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukunquma basalioma, cylindroma, angioma, squamous cell carcinoma, dermatofibroma, seborrheic keratosis kanye nezinye neoplasms.

Idivayisi efanayo iyasiza ekuxilongeni:

• izinhlobo ezahlukene zezifo zesikhumba ezingahlotshaniswa ne-oncology (i-eczema, i-psoriasis, i-atopic dermatitis, ichthyosis, i-lichen planus, i-scleroderma, i-lupus erythematosus);
• izifo ezithathelwanayo (i-pediculosis, i-demodicosis, utwayi);
• izifo zesikhumba ze-viral (warts, warts, papillomas);
• isimo sezinwele nezinzipho.

Ukusebenziseka kwe-dermatoscope akukwazi ukulinganiswa ngokweqile uma kudingekile ukunquma uhlobo lwesifo esithinte isikhumba ngaphansi komugqa wezinwele. Isibonelo, kusiza ukutholakala kwe-congenital non-tumor nevus, i-alopecia areata, i-androgenetic alopecia kwabesifazane, i-Netherton's syndrome.

Izazi ze-Trichologists zisebenzisa le divayisi ukutadisha isimo sezinwele zezinwele.

I-Dermoscopy ingaba wusizo kakhulu ekwelapheni izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesikhumba ezitholakala kabusha. Isibonelo, nge-lentigo eyingozi, i-salioma engaphezulu, noma isifo sika-Bowen, ama-contour ezindawo zesikhumba ezilimele azilingani futhi afiphele kakhulu. Isikhulisi se-dermatoscope sisiza ukucacisa ngokunembile imidwebo yendawo enomdlavuza, bese senza ukuhlinzwa endaweni edingekayo.

Ukuxilongwa nokuzimisela ukuthi ungaphathwa kanjani ama-warts nakho kuncike ku-dermatoscope. Idivayisi ivumela udokotela ukuba anqume ngokushesha futhi ngokunembile isakhiwo sokukhula futhi ahlukanise, ukubikezela ingozi ye-wart entsha. Futhi ngosizo lwe-dermatoscopes yesimanje yedijithali, izithombe zezindawo ezitholakele zingatholakala futhi zigcinwe, okuwusizo kakhulu ekulandeleni izitayela esikhumbeni.

Isimiso sokusebenza

Emakethe yemishini yezokwelapha, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-dermatoscopes ezivela kubakhiqizi abahlukene, kodwa isimiso sokusebenza siyafana kuwo wonke umuntu. Ama-dermatoscopes ngokuvamile anekhanda elingaguquki eliqukethe ilensi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ukukhulisa isikhumba. Kunomthombo wokukhanya ngaphakathi noma eduze kwekhanda.

Kumamodeli anamuhla, lokhu kuvame ukufana nendandatho ye-LED ekhanyisa ngokulinganayo indawo ehloliwe. Uma lokhu kuyi-dermatoscope ye-manual, isibambo esinamabhethri ngaphakathi sihlala sivela ekhanda.

Ukuze uhlole i-pigmentation, udokotela usebenzisa ikhanda le-dermatoscope endaweni yesikhumba futhi ubheka ku-lens ukusuka ohlangothini oluphambene (noma uhlola isithombe ku-monitor). Ku-dermatoscopes yokucwiliswa, kuhlale kunongqimba oluwuketshezi (amafutha noma utshwala) phakathi kwelensi nesikhumba. Ivimbela ukuhlakazeka kokukhanya kanye nokuxhopha, ithuthukisa ukubonakala nokucaca kwesithombe ku-dermatoscope.

Izinhlobo ze-dermatoscopes

I-Dermatoscopy ikude nesiqondiso esisha kwezokwelapha. Yiqiniso, ezinsukwini zakudala, ochwepheshe babesebenzisa amathuluzi angakudala ukuze bahlole isimo sesikhumba kunanamuhla.

“Ukhokho” we-dermatoscope yesimanje iyingilazi evamile yokukhulisa amandla aphansi. Ezikhathini ezalandela, kwenziwa izinto ezikhethekile ezifana nezibonakhulu ngesisekelo sengilazi yokukhulisa izingane. Banikeze ukwanda okuningi kwesimo sezingqimba zesikhumba. Namuhla, ama-dermatoscopes akuvumela ukuthi ubuke ukwakheka okukhona ngokukhulisa okungu-10x noma ngaphezulu. Amamodeli anamuhla afakwe amasethi amalensi achromatic kanye nohlelo lokukhanyisa lwe-LED.

Ama-dermatoscopes angahlukaniswa ngokuya ngezici ezahlukahlukene: ngosayizi, isimiso sokusebenza, isidingo sokusebenzisa uketshezi lokucwiliswa.

Idivayisi yedijithali, noma ye-elekthronikhi iyimodeli yesimanje efakwe isikrini esibonisa isithombe sesimo sesikhumba. Imishini enjalo inikeza isithombe esinembile kakhulu, esidingekayo ekwenzeni ukuxilongwa.

Ngokusungulwa kwe-electronic dermatoscopes, kwaba nokwenzeka ukwenza ukuxilonga kwedijithali, ukuthwebula nokuqopha izindawo zesikhumba ezihloliwe kumafayili evidiyo ukuze kugcinwe olunye ulwazi kusizindalwazi kanye nocwaningo olunzulu.

Izinto ezitholwe yile ndlela yokuxilonga zingahlaziywa kusetshenziswa izinhlelo ezikhethekile. Ikhompiyutha, "ihlola" isithombe esethulwe, inquma ngokuzenzakalelayo uhlobo lwezinguquko ze-pathological kumaseli esikhumba. Uhlelo lukhipha "isiphetho" salo ngendlela yenkomba esikalini, ekhombisa izinga lengozi (emhlophe, ephuzi, ebomvu).

Ngokusho kobukhulu, ama-dermatoscopes angahlukaniswa abe izinhlobo ezimbili: emile kanye nephaketheni. Imishini yohlobo lokuqala iyamangalisa ngobukhulu futhi ibiza kakhulu, futhi isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi imitholampilo ekhethekile. Ama-dermatoscopes ohlobo lwezandla angamathuluzi asetshenziswa odokotela besikhumba abajwayelekile kanye nama-cosmetologists ekusebenzeni kwabo.

Ngokuvumelana nesimiso sokusebenza, ama-dermatoscopes ukucwiliswa kanye ne-polarization. Inketho yokuqala yidivayisi esetshenziselwa i-dermatoscopy yendabuko yokuxhumana. Okukhethekile kwayo ukusetshenziswa koketshezi lokucwiliswa ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa.

Amadivaysi e-polarizing asebenzisa imithombo yokukhanya enamagagasi kagesi e-unidirectional kanye nezihlungi ezikhethekile. Lokhu kuqeda isidingo sokusebenzisa uketshezi lokucwiliswa.

Ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa ngosizo lwedivayisi enjalo, izinguquko ezingxenyeni ezijulile zesikhumba zibonakala kangcono. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubuyekezwa kochwepheshe kubonisa ukuthi i-dermatoscopes enjalo inikeza isithombe esicacile futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kulula ukwenza ukuxilongwa okunembile.

Ukubuyekezwa Kafushane Kwezikhumba Ezingcono Kakhulu

I-Heine mini 3000 iyi-dermatoscope encane ephaketheni. Ingasebenza amahora angu-10 ngaphandle kokushintsha amabhethri. Umthombo wokukhanya ama-LED.

Isici sedivayisi ephathwa ngesandla ye-Heine Delta 20 ukuthi ingasebenza kokubili nangaphandle koketshezi lokucwiliswa (ngokomgomo we-dermatoscope emhlophe). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifakwe ibhodi lokuxhumana elikuvumela ukuthi uxhume kukhamera. Ilensi inokukhuliswa okungu-10x.

I-dermatoscope yephakethe ye-KaWePiccolightD eyenziwe ngesiJalimane ilula, ihlangene, futhi i-ergonomic. Ivame ukusetshenziswa odokotela besikhumba kanye ne-cosmetologists ukuze bathole ukuxilongwa kokuqala kwe-melanoma.

I-KaWe Eurolight D30 ihlukaniswa ngezibuko zokuxhumana ezinkulu (5 mm ububanzi), amalensi ahlinzeka ngokukhuliswa okungu-10x. Ukukhanya okudalwe isibani se-halogen kungalungiswa. Enye inzuzo yale divayisi isikali esikuvumela ukuthi unqume izinga lengozi ye-pigmentation esikhumbeni.

Imodeli yomkhiqizo we-Aramosg ibiza kakhulu, kodwa futhi idingeka emakethe ngodokotela besikhumba, ama-cosmetologists kanye nama-trichologists. Ngaphandle kwemisebenzi yendabuko, idivayisi ingakwazi ukukala izinga lomswakama wesikhumba, inamalensi akhethekile okunquma ukujula kwemibimbi kanye nesibani se-ultraviolet esakhelwe ngaphakathi sokukhishwa kwe-disinfection. Lena i-dermatoscope yohlobo emile enekhono lokuxhuma kukhompuyutha noma isikrini. I-backlight kudivayisi ilungiswa ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Idivayisi ye-Ri-derma ithengeka kakhulu kunemodeli yangaphambilini ngokwezindleko, kodwa futhi ilinganiselwe kakhulu ekusebenzeni. Lena i-dermatoscope yohlobo oluphathwa ngesandla enamalensi okukhulisa angu-10x nokukhanya kwe-halogen. Ingasebenza ngamabhethri noma amabhethri ashajwa kabusha.

Ezinye izinketho ezidumile zedermatoscope zifaka i-DermLite Carbon kanye ne-DermLite DL1 encane engaxhunywa ku-iPhone.

Ukuhlola nge-dermatoscope kuyindlela engenabuhlungu, esheshayo, ephumelelayo futhi engabizi yokuhlukanisa izimpawu zokuzalwa ezivamile nama-moles kuma-neoplasms ayingozi. Into esemqoka ukuthi ungalibali ukuvakashela ku-dermatologist uma kune-pigmentation esolisayo esikhumbeni.