I-Cyanosis umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wesikhumba nolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Kungathinta indawo yendawo (njengeminwe noma ubuso) noma kuthinte umzimba wonke. Izimbangela ziyahlukahluka futhi zihlanganisa ikakhulukazi ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo, ukuphazamiseka kokuphefumula noma ukuchayeka emakhazeni.

I-cyanosis umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka wesikhumba kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila lapho igazi liqukethe inani elincane le-hemoglobin eboshelwe ku-oxygen. Ngamanye amazwi, sikhuluma nge-cyanosis lapho igazi le-capillary liqukethe okungenani i-5g ye-hemoglobin encishisiwe (okungukuthi ayigxiliwe emoyeni) nge-100ml.

Khumbula ukuthi i-hemoglobin iyingxenye yamangqamuzana abomvu egazi (abizwa nangokuthi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi) athwala umoya-mpilo. Izinga layo liyahlukahluka kwabesilisa, abesifazane nezingane.

Uma kunomoya-mpilo omncane egazini, kuba nombala obomvu obumnyama. Futhi lapho yonke imithambo (yomzimba wonke noma yesifunda somzimba) iphethe igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo kahle, khona-ke kunikeza isikhumba isici sombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka se-cyanosis.

Izimpawu zingahlotshaniswa ne-cyanosis, kuye ngokuthi ibangelwa yini. Isibonelo, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba, imfiva, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo noma ukukhathala okuvamile.

I-Cyanosis inganqunyelwa esithweni esisodwa somzimba, njengezindebe, ubuso, amaphethelo (iminwe nezinzwane), imilenze, izingalo… noma ingathinta ngokuphelele. Empeleni sihlukanisa:

• i-central cyanosis (noma i-generalized cyanosis), ekhombisa ukwehla kwe-oksijini ye-arterial blood;
• kanye ne-peripheral cyanosis ebangelwa ukuncipha kokugeleza kwegazi. Ngokuvamile kuthinta iminwe nezinzwane.

Kuzo zonke izimo, i-cyanosis kufanele iqaphe futhi kuyadingeka ukubonana nodokotela ongakwazi ukuxilonga futhi anikeze ukwelashwa.

Kunezici eziningi ezibangela i-cyanosis. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• ukuchayeka emakhazeni;
• Isifo sikaRaynaud, okungukuthi ukuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kwegazi. Indawo ethintekile yomzimba iphenduka ibe mhlophe futhi iphole, ngezinye izikhathi ngaphambi kokuba ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka;
• ukuphazamiseka kwendawo yokuhamba kwegazi, njenge-thrombosis (okungukuthi ukuba khona kwehlule - noma i-thrombus - eyakheka emithanjeni yegazi futhi ewuvimbela);
• ukuphazamiseka kwamaphaphu, njengokuhluleka kokuphefumula okunamandla, i-pulmonary embolism, i-edema emaphashini, ukuphazamiseka kwe-hematosis (kubhekisela ekushintsheni kwegesi okwenzeka emaphashini futhi okuvumela igazi elicebile ngesikhutha ukuba liguqulwe egazini elinomoya-mpilo);
• i-infarction ye-myocardial;
• ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo;
• inhliziyo yokuzalwa noma ukukhubazeka kwemithambo, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi isifo segazi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka;
• ukopha kakhulu;
• ukujikeleza kwegazi okubi;
• i-anemia;
• ubuthi (isb. cyanide);
• noma ezinye izifo ze-hematological.

I-Cyanosis wuphawu oludinga ukubonisana nodokotela. Uma lesi sibonakaliso singalawulwa, izinkinga eziningi zingenzeka (kuye ngokuthi imvelaphi ye-cyanosis nendawo yayo). Ake sicaphune isibonelo:

• i-polycythemia, okusho ukungavamile ekukhiqizeni amangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Kulokhu, iphesenti lamangqamuzana abomvu egazi elihlobene nenani legazi eliphelele liphezulu;
• i-digital hippocratism, okusho ukuwohloka kwezinzipho eziba amaqhuqhuva (qaphela ukuthi nguHippocrates owakuchaza okokuqala);
• noma ngisho nokungakhululeki noma i-syncope.

Ukwelashwa kwe-cyanosis kuncike ekutheni ibangelwa yini. Ake sicaphune isibonelo:

• ukuhlinzwa (ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo yokuzalwa);
• oxygenation (izinkinga zokuphefumula);
• ukuthatha imithi, njenge-diuretics (ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo);
• noma iqiniso elilula lokugqoka ukufudumala (uma kwenzeka ukuchayeka emakhazeni noma isifo sikaRaynaud).