Igama elithi "collagenosis" lihlanganisa ndawonye iqoqo lezifo ezizimele ezibonakala ngokulimala kokuvuvukala kanye nokuzivikela komzimba ezicutshini ezixhumene, ukungasebenzi kahle kwamasosha omzimba, ukugcwala kwabesifazane, ukuhlangana nama-anti-nuclear antibodies kanye nokusabalala kwezilonda. Izicubu ezixhumeneyo ezikhona kuwo wonke umzimba, zonke izitho zinesibopho sokuthinteka ngendlela ehlobene kakhulu noma engaphansi, yingakho ukuhlukahluka okukhulu kwezimpawu ezingase zibe umphumela we-collagenosis. Umgomo wokuphatha kwabo ukulawula ukusebenza kwezifo futhi kunciphise kube sezingeni eliphansi kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ama-Collagenoses, abizwa nangokuthi i-connectivitis noma izifo ze-systemic, ahlanganisa ndawonye iqoqo lezifo ezingavamile ezingavamile zokuvuvukala kwe-autoimmune, okubangelwa ukwakheka okungavamile kwe-collagen ezicutshini ezicebile ku-intercellular matrix, okuyizicubu ezixhumeneyo.

I-Collagen iyiphrotheni eningi kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Ivumela izitho zethu kanye nemizimba yethu ukuthi izinzile ngaphandle kokuqina kakhulu, kuyilapho iguquguquka ngokwanele. Ifihlwe amangqamuzana ezicubu ezixhumeneyo, i-collagen ixhumana nenani elikhulu lamanye ama-molecule ukuze yakhe imicu futhi ikhiqize izicubu ezine-fibrous ezinezakhiwo ezisekelayo nezimelana nokwelula.

Okuvelele kwabesifazane, ama-collagenase ayakwazi ukufinyelela kuzo zonke izitho (uhlelo lokugaya ukudla, imisipha, amalunga, inhliziyo, isimiso sezinzwa). Yingakho ukubonakaliswa kwayo kuningi njengenani lezitho ezithintekayo. Izinga lempilo kwesinye isikhathi lithinteka kakhulu. Umphumela walezi zifo uncike kakhulu ekulimaleni kwezitho ezibalulekile.

I-collagenosis eyaziwa kakhulu yi-systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). I-Collagenosis ihlanganisa nezifo ezilandelayo:

• isifo samathambo;
• i-oculourethro-synovial syndrome (OUS);
• i-spondyloarthropathies (ikakhulukazi i-ankylosing spondylitis);
• isifo sikaHorton;
• I-granulomatosis ye-Wegener;
• i-rhizomelic pseudo-polyarthritis;
• i-scleroderma;
• isifo se-systemic esixubile noma i-Sharp syndrome;
• i-microangiopathie thrombotique;
• i-periarteritis nodosa;
• i-Gougerot-Sjögren syndrome;
• i-dermatomyositis;
• i-dermatopolymyositis;
• isifo sika-Behçet;
• i-sarcoïdose;
• i-histiocytosis;
• Namanje isifo;
• ukugula ngezikhathi ezithile;
• ukugcwala ngokweqile kwezifo kanye nezifo ezithile ze-metabolic;
• isifo sesibindi esingapheli;
• izifo ze-elastic tissue;
• izifo zokuzalwa noma ezitholiwe ze-serum complement;
• i-scleroderma;
• I-Churg-Strauss syndrome;
• i-systemic vasculitis, njll.

Namanje abaziwa. Cishe kukhona ukuphazamiseka kwamasosha omzimba, njengoba kufakazelwa egazini leziguli, ukuba khona kwamasosha omzimba angavamile, abizwa ngokuthi ama-autoantibodies noma ama-antinuclear antibodies, aqondiswe ngokumelene nezingxenye zawo zamangqamuzana omzimba. Ama-antigen athile esistimu ye-histocompatibility (HLA) atholakala kalula phakathi nezifo ezithile, noma emindenini ethile ethinteka kakhulu, okuphakamisa indima yokuthuthukisa yesici sofuzo.

Izicubu ezixhumeneyo ezikhona kuwo wonke umzimba, zonke izitho zingase zithinteke ngendlela ehlobene kakhulu noma engaphansi, yingakho kunezinhlobonhlobo zezimpawu ezingase zibe umphumela wokuhlaselwa:

• i-articular;
• isikhumba;
• inhliziyo;
• i-pulmonary;
• isibindi;
• izinso;
• i-central noma i-peripheral nerve;
• imithambo yegazi;
• yokugaya ukudla.

Ukuvela kwe-collagenosis kuvame ukuthatha uhlobo lokubuyela emuva okuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nesifo sokuvuvukala futhi kuyahlukahluka kakhulu ngakunye. Izimpawu ezingaqondile zivela ngamazinga ahlukahlukene:

• umkhuhlane (umkhuhlane omncane);
• ukunciphisa;
• ukukhathala okungapheli;
• ukwehla kokusebenza;
• ubunzima bokugxila;
• ukuzwela ilanga nokukhanya;
• i-alopecia;
• ukuzwela emakhazeni;
• ukoma kwamakhala / ngomlomo / kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane;
• izilonda zesikhumba;
• ukunciphisa umzimba;
• ubuhlungu obuhlangene;
• ubuhlungu ukuvuvukala kwemisipha (myalgia) namalunga (arthralgia).

Ngezinye izikhathi iziguli azinazo izimpawu ngaphandle kobuhlungu obuhlangene nokukhathala. Sibe sesikhuluma nge-connectivitis engahlukanisiwe. Ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zezinhlobo ezahlukene zezifo ezixhumeneyo ziyavela. Lokhu kubizwa nge-overlap syndrome.

Ngenxa yamandla okulimala kwezitho eziningi, kubalulekile ukuthi imikhakha yezokwelapha ehlukene isebenzisane eduze. Ukuxilongwa kusekelwe emlandweni, okungukuthi umlando womuntu ogulayo, nokuhlolwa kwakhe komtholampilo, efuna izimpawu ezivame ukuhlangana nazo kwesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zifo.

Njengoba ama-collagenase ebonakala ngenani elikhulu lokukhiqizwa kwamasosha omzimba e-anuclear, ukuhlola lawa ma-autoantibodies egazini kuyisici esibalulekile ekutholeni ukuxilongwa. Kodwa-ke, ukuba khona kwalawa ma-autoantibodies akuhambisani njalo ne-collagenase. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka ukuthatha isampula yethishu noma i-biopsy. Ukudluliselwa kuchwepheshe kunconywa ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa futhi kuqale ukwelashwa okufanele.

Umgomo wokulawula i-collagenosis ukulawula umsebenzi wezifo futhi unciphise ube sezingeni eliphansi kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukwelashwa kushintshwa ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-collagenosis etholwe futhi ngokuya ngezitho ezithintekile. I-Corticosteroids (i-cortisone) kanye nama-analgesics avame ukusetshenziswa njengomugqa wokuqala wokumisa ukuphinda futhi uzolile ukubonakaliswa okubuhlungu. Ukwengezwa kwe-immunosuppressant, ngomlomo noma ngomjovo, kungase kudingeke. Ukuphatha kungase futhi kuhilele imijovo efakwa emthanjeni yama-immunoglobulins noma amasu okuhlanza i-plasma (plasmapheresis) endaweni yesibhedlela. Ezinye iziguli, njengalezo ezine-lupus, zingase futhi zizuze ekwelashweni kwe-antimalarial.