I-Ciguatera isifo sokudla esibangelwa ukudla inhlanzi engcoliswe ubuthi obubizwa ngokuthi “ciguatoxin”. Le neurotoxin isebenza eziteshini ze-calcium zesistimu yezinzwa. Ishintsha ibhalansi yama-neurons futhi ibangele izinkinga zokugaya kanye nenhliziyo. Lokhu kubangela amahora alandela ukusetshenziswa kwayo ubuhlungu besisu, obuhambisana nesicanucanu, ukuhlanza noma isifo sohudo. Ezinye izimpawu, ezifana nesiyezi, ukukhubazeka noma hypersalivation kungenzeka. Isifo se-Ciguatera sidinga ukubonisana nodokotela. Ukwelashwa kunezimpawu.

Igama elithi Ciguatera livela egameni laseCuba elithi "cigua" le-mollusk encane i-Cittarium pica, ebizwa nangokuthi i-Antilles troch. Isifo sikaCiguatera, noma “esilumayo” ngenxa yokulunywa esikubangelayo, besaziwa kusukela ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Ibangelwa ukudla izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezidla inyama zasezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo, njenge-barracuda, engcoliswe ubuthi obubizwa ngokuthi “i-ciguatoxin”, ekhiqizwe ulwelwe oluncane olukhula ezindaweni zamakhorali ezingcolile.

Isifo se-Ciguatera sigcwele kuzo zonke izinkathi zonyaka ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezishisayo (Oceania, Polynesia, Indian Ocean, Caribbean). Amanzi kufanele afudumele futhi avikele izixhobo zamakhorali. Ingozi yokutheleleka iphezulu ngemva kwesiphepho.

I-Ciguatoxin, ebangela lesi sifo, ikhiqizwa ulwelwe olungabonakali, olubizwa ngokuthi i-Gambierdiscus toxicus, olukhula ohlakalweni lwamathambo amakhorali afile. Lokhu kufakwa izinhlanzi ezisezixhobo ze-coral ezingcolile, futhi, njengoba uchungechunge lokudla luqhubeka, lungagxila ezinhlanzini ezidla inyama, zona ngokwazo ezidliwa ezinkulu kunazo. Lezi zamuva, njenge-moray eel noma i-barracuda, zibe sezidotshwa abantu abazidlayo. Amazinga e-ciguatoxin alingana nama-nanogram ayikhulu noma ngisho nama-microgram, anele ukuqala izimpawu kubantu.

Ngakho-ke kunengozi yokungenwa ushevu kubathengi balezi zinhlanzi, ikakhulukazi njengoba lobu buthi bukwazi ukumelana nokuphekwa. Lesi yisizathu esenza ukuthi izinhlobo ezithile zezilwane zivinjelwe ukudoba ngokwesisindo sazo kanye noma ngokwendawo yazo yokudoba. Ukuze uvimbele isifo se-Ciguatera, kunconywa, lapho uhlala ezindaweni lapho ubuthi bukhona, ukuhambisana nezincomo ezilandelayo.

Gwema ukudla izinhlanzi “ezinkulu kunepuleti lakho”.

Njenge:

• iqembu;
• i-barracuda; 
• izinhlanzi ze-parrot;
• ushaka ;
• inhlanzi ehlinzayo;
• lutjan ;
• i-lever; 
• udoti;
• ukuguqubala;
• i-loche;
• becune
• izinhlanzi ze-napoleon, njll.

Ezinye izincomo

Kubalulekile ukuthi:

• ungalokothi udle isibindi noma i-viscera yezinhlanzi ezivela kulezi zifunda;
• ukungadli izinhlanzi ezingadliwa abomdabu;
• bonisa njalo izinhlanzi zakho kumdobi wendawo ngaphambi kokuyidla.

I-Ciguatoxin iyi-neurotoxin esebenza eziteshini ze-calcium zesimiso sezinzwa. Ishintsha ibhalansi yama-neurons futhi ingabangela izimpawu eziningi. Imvamisa, izimpawu zivela phakathi kwehora eli-1 kuye kwayi-4 ngemuva kokumunca, kuyaqabukela ukudlula amahora angama-24:

Izimpawu zokugaya

Izimpawu zivame ukuqala ngezimpawu zokugaya:

• isicasuli;
• ukuhlanza;
• isifo sohudo;
• ubuhlungu besisu ;
• hypersalivation noma umlomo owomile.

Izimpawu zenhliziyo

Izimpawu zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi zibonisa ubukhulu bobuthi:

• i-brachycardia (ukushaya kwenhliziyo kancane);
• i-arterial hypotension.

Ezinye izimpawu

Izimpawu ze-Neurological:

• i-paresthesias (ukuluma) ikakhulukazi emaphethelweni nasebusweni, ikakhulukazi izindebe;
• imizwa yokuba ndikindiki;
• izinzwa ezivuthayo noma ukushaqeka kukagesi lapho uthintana nezinto ezibandayo;
• ukuphazamiseka kokuxhumana nokulinganisela;
• ukudideka;
• ama-hallucinations;
• ikhanda;
• isiyezi;
• ukukhubazeka, njll.

Izimpawu zesikhumba:

• ukulunywa (pruritus) ikakhulukazi ezintendeni zezandla nasematheni ezinyawo;
• ububomvu.

Ezinye izimpawu:

• ubuhlungu bemisipha namalunga;
• ukujuluka;
• ngikhathele.

Isifo se-Ciguatera singaba sibi kakhulu futhi sibulale ngisho nalapho imisipha yokuphefumula ikhubazekile noma inhliziyo ihluleka. Ukuthuthukiswa "kwe-hypersensitivity" ezinhlanzi kanye nokudla okuvela olwandle kungenzeka.

Alikho ikhambi lesifo i-Ciguatera, esizibulala sodwa phakathi nezinsuku. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuphathwa kwezidakamizwa kuhlose ukunciphisa izimpawu, ikakhulukazi izinkinga zenhliziyo, eziyingozi kakhulu. Ukwelashwa kwe-Symptomatic kanje.

Ngokumelene nokulunywa:

• antihistamines (Teldane, Polaramine);
• izinzwa zendawo (ijeli ye-lidocaine).

Ukuze kulungiswe izinkinga ze-gastrointestinal:

• ama-antispasmodics;
• ama-antiemetics;
• antidiarrheal.

Uma kwenzeka ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo, kunconywa ukuthi ulaliswe esibhedlela isiguli esingase sibekwe ngaphansi:

• i-corticosteroids ukuvimbela ukuqala kokushaqeka;
• i-atropine sulphate kuma-bradycardias angabekezeleleki kahle;
• i-analeptics yenhliziyo ku-hypotension.

Uma kunezinkinga ze-neurological: 

• ukwelashwa kwe-vitamin B (B1, B6 no-B12);
• amitriptyline (Laroxyl, Elavil);
• I-Tiapridal ihlanganiswe ne-dexamethasone;
• i-salicylic acid ehambisana ne-colchicine.

Njengoba ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula kungenye yezimbangela eziyinhloko zokufa kwesifo se-Ciguatera, usizo lokuphefumula luyingxenye yokwelashwa okuphuthumayo kwezinhlobo ezithile ezinzima zokukhubazeka kokuphefumula.

Okokugcina, iziguli kufanele futhi zigweme ukudla izinhlanzi ezinsukwini ezilandela ukuqala kwalesi sifo ukuze zingaqhubeki zikhuphule izinga lazo le-ciguatoxin. Iziphuzo ezidakayo nazo azinconywa, njengoba zingandisa izimpawu.