I-Chondrosarcoma ingenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza wamathambo kubantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala. Kungatholakala emazingeni ahlukene omzimba. Ukuhlinzwa kuwukwelashwa okukhethayo kuqala.

Incazelo ye-chondrosarcoma

I-Chondrosarcoma wuhlobo lomdlavuza wamathambo. Isimila esiyingozi sinokucaciswa kokuqala lapho kuhlangana khona amathambo amabili ezingeni le-articular cartilage (izicubu eziguquguqukayo nezimelana nezimboza amalunga).

I-Chondrosarcoma ingakhula kunoma iyiphi i-cartilage ehlangene. Kuvame ukubonwa ezingeni:

• amathambo amade njenge-femur (ithambo lethanga), i-tibia (ithambo lomlenze), ne-humerus (ithambo lengalo);
• amathambo ayisicaba njenge-scapula (ithambo langemuva), izimbambo, umgogodla kanye namathambo e-pelvic.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-chondrosarcoma

Umdlavuza ungahlukaniswa ngokwemingcele eminingi.

Isibonelo, kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa i-chondrosarcoma eyinhloko kusuka ku-chondrosarcoma yesibili. Kuthiwa kungokwesibili uma kudalwa ukuvela kwesinye isimila.

Umdlavuza nawo uhlukaniswa ngokwezinga lawo. Sikhuluma ngesiteji ngolimi lwezokwelapha. Izinga lomdlavuza wamathambo lihlolwa ngezigaba ezine. Lapho isigaba siphakeme, umdlavuza ususabalele kuwo wonke umzimba.

Ezimweni eziningi, i-chondrosarcoma isezingeni eliphansi. Izigaba 1 kuya ku-3 zihambisana namafomu enziwe endawo. Isiteji sesi-4 siqoka amafomu e-metastatic: amaseli omdlavuza athuthele kwezinye izakhiwo emzimbeni.

Qaphela: ukulinganiswa komdlavuza wamathambo akusetshenziswanga kwizicubu zomgogodla nasesinqeni.

Izinkinga ze-chondrosarcoma

Njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza, ama-chondrosarcoma anemvelaphi engakaqondwa ngokugcwele.

Kuze kube manje, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-chondrosarcoma kungase kube ngenxa noma kuthandwa yi:

• izimila zamathambo ezinobungozi (ezingezona umdlavuza) njenge-chondroma noma i-osteochondroma;
• i-retinoblastoma yamazwe amabili, uhlobo lomdlavuza wamehlo;
• Isifo sikaPaget, isifo samathambo esiyingozi;
• I-Li-Fraumeni syndrome, isimo esingavamile esibeka phambili izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimila.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-chondrosarcome

Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lungasoleka ezimweni ezishiwo ngenhla, noma lapho kubhekwa izimpawu ezithile zomtholampilo. Ukuxilongwa kwe-chondrosarcoma kungaqinisekiswa futhi kujulwe yilokhu:

• ukuhlolwa kwezithombe zezokwelapha ezifana nama-x-ray, ama-CT scan, imaging resonance magnetic (MRI) kanye ne-bone scintigraphy;
• i-biopsy ehlanganisa ukuthatha ucezu lwethishu ukuze luhlaziywe, ikakhulukazi uma kusolwa umdlavuza.

Lezi zivivinyo zingasetshenziswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala kwe-osteosarcoma, ukukala izinga layo kanye nokuhlola ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kwama-metastase.

Abantu abathintekayo

I-Chondrosarcoma ivame ukutholakala kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-50. Le midlavuza ingavela noma kunjalo kusukela eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu. Akuvamile ukubonwa ezinganeni nasebancane.

Ubuhlungu be-Bone

Ubuhlungu bamathambo imvamisa kuyisibonakaliso sokuqala somdlavuza wamathambo. Ubuhlungu bungase bube unomphela noma budlule, buqine kakhulu, bube sendaweni noma busakazeke.

Ukuvuvukala kwasendaweni

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-chondrosarcoma kungaholela ekubukeni kwesigaxa noma isisindo esizwakalayo esicutshini esithintekile.

Ezinye izimpawu ezihambisanayo

Ubuhlungu bungase buhambisane nezinye izimpawu kuye ngendawo, uhlobo kanye nesimo somdlavuza. Ngokwesibonelo :

• ukuphazamiseka kwezimoto, ikakhulukazi lapho amathambo e-pelvis ethintekayo;
• izinkinga zokuphefumula lapho umdlavuza ukhula ezimbanjeni.

Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa

Ukuhlinzwa kuwukwelashwa okukhethayo kuqala. Ukungenelela kungasebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene ezihlanganisa:

• ukukhishwa okubanzi, okuwukususwa kwesimila kanye nengxenye yethambo nezicubu ezivamile ezisizungezile;
• curettage, okuwukukhipha isimila ngokukhuhla ngaphandle kokuthinta ithambo.

Radiotherapy

Le ndlela ihilela ukusebenzisa imisebe ukucekela phansi amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Kucatshangelwa lapho i-chondrosarcoma ayikwazi ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa.

Ukuhlinzwa nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

Lapho i-chondrosarcoma inobudlova, i-chemotherapy ingacatshangelwa ngaphezu kokuhlinzwa. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kusebenzisa amakhemikhali ukuvimba amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuthi angakhuli.

immunotherapy

Lena indlela entsha yokwelapha umdlavuza. Kungaba umphelelisi noma enye indlela yokwelapha eshiwo ngenhla. Ucwaningo oluningi luyaqhubeka. Umgomo we-immunotherapy ukukhuthaza izivikeli mzimba zokulwa nokuthuthukiswa kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Imvelaphi ye-chondrosarcoma ayikaqondwa kahle. Ngokuvamile, ukuvimbela umdlavuza okwamanje kuncike ekugcineni indlela yokuphila enempilo.

Kubuye kunconywe ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokungabaza okuncane. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kukhuthaza ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo futhi kunciphise ubungozi bezinkinga.