Le cholesterol is a umzimba amafutha kubalulekile ekusebenzeni komzimba. Isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ekwakhiweni kolwelwesi lwamaseli futhi isebenza, phakathi kwezinye izinto, “njengento eluhlaza” yokuhlanganiswa kwamahomoni amaningi (ama-steroid).

Kodwa-ke, i-cholesterol eyeqile ingaba yingozi njengoba ijwayele ukwakheka imithambo yegazi kanye nokwenza lokho okubizwa ngokuthi amapuletiatherosclerosis okungase ekugcineni kwandise ingozi yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.

I-Cholesterol ayincibiliki egazini: ngakho-ke kufanele ihanjiswe lapho ngamaprotheni, okwenza ngawo ama-complex abizwa ngokuthi ama-lipoprotein.

I-cholesterol ingahlotshaniswa nezinhlobo ezimbalwa "zabathwali" egazini:

• we LDL (Ngokuba i-low density lipoproteins): I-LDL-cholesterol ibhekwa njenge-cholesterol “embi”. Isizathu ? I-LDL ithwala i-cholesterol isuka esibindini iye kuwo wonke umzimba. Uma i-LDL-cholesterol ikhona ngamanani amakhulu, ihlotshaniswa nengozi eyandayo yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
• we HDL (Ngokuba high density lipoproteins): I-cholesterol ye-HDL ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-cholesterol “enhle”. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umsebenzi we-HDL “ukukhipha” i-cholesterol egazini futhi iyise esibindini, lapho igcinwa khona. Ngakho-ke banomphumela wokwehlisa izinga le-cholesterol egazini, futhi izinga eliphezulu le-HDL lihlotshaniswa nengozi ephansi yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
• we I-VLDL (Ngokuba ama-lipoprotein aphansi kakhulu): banikela ngokuyinhloko ekuthutheni olunye uhlobo lwamafutha, ama-triglycerides.

I-cholesterol yegazi ivela ekudleni kodwa futhi ivela kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-endogenous synthesis, esibindini.

Isilinganiso se-cholesterol yegazi (i-cholesterolemia) kwenziwa ngokwejwayelo, ikakhulukazi ngemva kweminyaka engama-40 (noma iminyaka engama-35 kwabesilisa neminyaka engama-45 kwabesifazane), ngenhloso yokuthola i-hypercholesterolemia futhi wenze" Iphrofayili ye-lipid “. Lokhu kuhlola kufanele kwenziwe kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-5 ubuncane ngemva kwale minyaka yobudala.

Ukulinganisa kungabuye kukhonjiswe, phakathi kokunye:

• ngaphambi kokunquma ukuvimbela inzalo
• kumuntu osekwelashweni okwehlisa i-cholesterol, ukuhlola ukusebenza kokwelashwa
• uma unezimpawu eziphakamisa i-cholesterol ephezulu (izigaxa zesikhumba ezibizwa nge-xanthomas).

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-cholesterol kuzothatha isamba sezinga le-cholesterol ephelele, kodwa futhi nakwe I-LDL-cholesterol,  I-HDL-cholesterol kanye nenani eliphelele le-cholesterol / HDL, elisiza ukuhlola ubungozi benhliziyo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuthathwa isilinganiso se-triglyceride yegazi.

I-cholesterol inqunywa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi elabhorethri yokuhlaziya yezokwelapha.

Udokotela uzokunikeza imiyalelo ngesidingo sokuzila ukudla noma cha, ukuthi ungaphuzi utshwala ngaphambi kokuhlolwa futhi uphuze (noma cha) imithi yakho, uma welashwa.

Ngokuya ngomphumela, udokotela angase anqume ukuthi aqale noma cha yini ukwelashwa okubizwa ngokuthi ” i-hypolipémiant ”Noma” i-hypocholesterol ephansi », Ukuze wehlise izinga lamafutha egazini, uma liphezulu kakhulu. Sihlukanisa:

• i-hypercholesterolemia emsulwa: amazinga aphezulu e-LDL-cholesterol.
• I-hypertriglyceridemia emsulwa: izinga eliphakeme le-triglyceride (≥ 5 mmol / l).
• I-hyperlipidemia ehlanganisiwe: amazinga aphezulu e-LDL-cholesterol namazinga e-triglyceride.

I-balance sheet ibhekwa njengejwayelekile uma:

• I-LDL-cholesterol engaphansi kwe-1,60 g / l (4,1 mmol / l),
• I-HDL-cholesterol> 0,40 g/l (1 mmol/l),
• i-triglycerides ngaphansi kwe-1,50 g / l (1,7 mmol / l).

Kodwa-ke, izincomo zokwelashwa zincike eminyakeni yesiguli kanye nezinye izici eziyingozi zenhliziyo. Zibuye zihluke kancane emazweni ngamazwe.

Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa (i-dietetic kanye / noma ukuphathwa kwezidakamizwa) kuqalwa lapho i-LDL-cholesterol ingaphezu kwe-1,6 g / l (4,1 mmol / l) kodwa lapho ingozi yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi iphezulu kakhulu (umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, + umlando wenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, njll.), ukwelashwa kungaqala uma izinga le-LDL-cholesterol lingaphezulu kwe-1 g / l.