Umlomo wesibeletho, noma umlomo wesibeletho (kusuka eLatin, intamo, umlomo wesibeletho), kuyisitho sohlelo lokuzala lwabesifazane. Ihambisana nengxenye engezansi yesibeletho futhi ixhuma ingxenye ephezulu yesibeletho esithweni sangasese.

Wendawo. Umlomo wesibeletho yingxenye engezansi, ewumngcingo wesibeletho, etholakala okhalweni, ingxenyeni engaphambili yengxenyeni, nangemuva kwesinye. Ixhuma ingxenye engenhla yesibeletho, umzimba, nesitho sangasese sowesifazane.

Isakhiwo. Ngobude obungu-3 kuye ku-4 cm, umlomo wesibeletho uqukethe izingxenye ezimbili (1):

• I-ecocervix, okuyingxenye yangaphandle yomlomo wesibeletho futhi etholakala engxenyeni engenhla yesitho sangasese sowesifazane.
• I-endocervix, ehambelana nengxenye yangaphakathi yomlomo wesibeletho futhi eyakha umsele we-endocervical. Lo mgudu uqhubekela phambili esiqhingini, indawo yokwehlukanisa phakathi komlomo wesibeletho nomzimba wesibeletho.

Indawo yokudlula ikhona phakathi kwalezi zingxenye ezimbili, ezibizwa ngokuthi i-junction zone noma i-squamocolumnar junction.

Ukwenza isikhwehlela. Ku-endocervix, amaseli we-columnar, nawo ayindlala, akhiqiza futhi akhiphe amafinyila. Ngesikhathi somjikelezo wokuya esikhathini kanye nangesikhathi sokukhulelwa, le mucus ihlala ijiyile ukudala umgoqo olwa nesidoda namagciwane athile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, i-mucus izacile ukuvumela isidoda ukuthi sidlule.

Umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini. Kwakha isethi yokuguqulwa kwezinto zokusebenza zesifazane ukuze zithole iqanda elikhulelwe. Uma kungekho ukuvundisa, i-endometrium, ulwelwesi lomzimba wesibeletho, iyabhujiswa futhi ikhishwe ngomlomo wesibeletho bese idlulela esithweni sangasese. Lesi simo sihambisana nezikhathi zokuya esikhathini.

Delivery. Umlomo wesibeletho uyavuleka ngesikhathi sokubeletha ukuze ingane idlule.

I-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho. Ama-Dysplasias yizilonda ezingaphambi kwesikhathi. Zivame ukukhula endaweni lapho kuhlangana khona imikhondo. Ngokulandelayo, zikhula nhlangothi zombili ezingeni le-ectocervix ne-endocervix.

I-papillomavirus yomuntu. I-human papillomavirus (HPV) igciwane elidluliselwa ngocansi elikhona ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ezinye zingadala izilonda ezinobungozi emlomo wesibeletho. Abanye banikela ekwakhiweni kwezilonda ezingaphambi kwesikhumba, ezaziwa ngokuthi i-papillomavirus yabantu engaba yi-oncogenic noma "ingozi enkulu" (3).

Umdlavuza wesibeletho. Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ungavela lapho izilonda ezingaphambi kwesikhumba ziba ngamangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa. Ngokuya nge-pathology kanye nenqubekela phambili yayo, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kungenziwa njengokukhishwa kwengxenye yesibeletho (conization).

I-Chemotherapy, i-radiotherapy, ukwelashwa okuqondisiwe. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza kungathatha uhlobo lwe-chemotherapy, radiotherapy noma ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba. Ukuqala kobuhlungu kuqala ngokuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuhlola izici zobuhlungu kanye nezimpawu ezihambisana nazo.

Colposcopy. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvumela ukubonwa kwezindonga zomlomo wesibeletho. 4

Isidumbu. Iqukethe isampula lezicubu futhi yenziwa ngaphansi kwe-colposcopy.

I-Pap smear. Siqukethe ukuthatha amaseli kusukela ezingeni eliphezulu sangasese, ectocervix futhi endocervix.

Ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwe-HPV. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe i-human papillomavirus.

Kusukela ngo-2006, sekukhona umuthi wokugoma wokuvikela izifo ngenxa ye-human papillomavirus. Le ntuthuko yezokwelapha yenzeka ngenxa yomsebenzi we-virologist uHarald zur Hausen, owathola uMklomelo weNobel kwezokwelapha ngo-2008 (5). Ngemuva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 yocwaningo, uphumelele ekuboniseni ubudlelwano phakathi kwezifo ezibangwa yi-papillomavirus yomuntu kanye nokuvela komdlavuza.