I-Cauterization ihilela ukushisa indwangu, ngokusebenzisa i-conductor ehanjiswa kushisa amandla kagesi noma ngekhemikhali. Khona-ke umgomo uwukubulala izicubu ezinesifo noma ukunqanda ukopha. Ngokwe-etymologically, leli gama livela egameni lesiLatini ukuqaphela, okusho ukuthi i-cauterization, futhi yakhiwa esenzweni sesiLatini Ngizocauterize okusho ukuthi “ukushisa ngensimbi eshisayo”.

Ngokuqondile, lokhu konakala kwezicubu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukususa isilonda kodwa futhi kunqande ukopha noma ukubuyisela ukuhluma okujabulisayo kwesibazi. I-Cauterization ivame ukwenziwa esikhumbeni noma kulwelwesi lwamafinyila. Imishini kagesi endala njenge-galvanocautery noma i-thermocautery, induku egcinwe i-incandescent ukuze ivumele ukushisa okukhulu, ayisasetshenziswa namuhla.

Ngokomlando, i-cauterization ibisetshenziswa kusukela ngeNkathi Ephakathi. Ngakho, u-Albucassis (936-1013), udokotela ohlinzayo ongum-Arabhu waseSpain owayebuye abe umpetha omkhulu wokuhlinza iSpanishi nama-Arab ngaleso sikhathi, wakhiqiza izinto eziningi ezintsha kwezokwelapha. Phakathi kwazo: i-hemostasis ngokucindezelwa kwedijithali kanye ne-white iron cauterization. Ngemva kwalokho, ekhulwini XVI^e Ikhulu leminyaka, udokotela ohlinzayo u-Ambroise Paré (1509-1590) wazihlukanisa ezinkundleni zempi, waletha emisha eminingi ekwelapheni amanxeba. Ngaleyo ndlela wasungula ukuxhunyaniswa kwemithambo ukuze esikhundleni se-cauterization afake insimbi ebomvu. Eqinisweni, yena, owayengumsunguli wezinsimbi eziningi futhi ovame ukubhekwa njengoyise wokuhlinzwa kwesimanje, wayehileleke ekuthuthukiseni nasekusabalaliseni uhlobo olusha lwenqubo ye-cauterization, ngesikhathi lapho i-cauterized ngensimbi ebomvu noma ngamafutha abilayo, ngesikhathi. ubungozi bokubulala abalimele.

I-Cauterization isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi esimweni lapho kudingekile ukumisa ukopha, futhi ikakhulukazi i-epistaxis (i-nosebleed), noma ukwelapha umdlavuza. Kubuye kuboniswe, kwezinye izimo, ukukhuthaza ukuphefumula okungcono ngamakhala.

• Ukopha ngamakhala: lUkopha emakhaleni, okubuye kubizwe nge-epistaxis, kungaba okulingene noma kube nzima, futhi imiphumela yako ingasukela ekuphazamisekeni okuncane kuya ukopha okungase kube yingozi empilweni. Ikakhulukazi ezimeni zokopha kakhulu noma okuphindaphindiwe lapho odokotela ngezinye izikhathi bangase basebenzise i-cauterization. Ngakho, abanakekeli babe sebexhuma umthombo wokopha besebenzisa ikhemikhali, ngokuvamile i-nitrate eyisiliva, noma benze i-cauterization besebenzisa amandla kagesi okufudumeza. Le nqubo yesibili ibizwa nangokuthi i-electrocautery, futhi isho ukuthi i-cauterization yezicubu yenziwa nge-conductor eshiswa amandla kagesi;
• Ukwelashwa komdlavuza: i-electrocautery, kusetshenziswa amandla kagesi ahamba kakhulu ukuze kucekelwe amangqamuzana noma izicubu, kungasetshenziswa emdlavuza, ukumisa ukopha emithanjeni yegazi yesimila, noma ukususa izingxenye zesimila esinomdlavuza. Ngokwesibonelo, i-electrocautery isetshenziswa kumdlavuza wamaphaphu ngoba ikhipha izingxenye zalesi simila esiseduze komthambo wegazi;
• Ukuphefumula kangcono ngekhala: i-cauterization yama-turbinates ihlose ukuthuthukisa ukuphefumula ngekhala. Ngakho, ikhala liqukethe ama-turbinate, okungamathambo ambozwe izicubu ezithambile. Lapho ulwelwesi lwamafinyila lwama-turbinates luvuvukele kakhulu ngegazi elidlula ngaphakathi, lezi zimbotshana azivumeli umoya ukuba udlule kahle: ngakho-ke zivimbela isiguli ukuba siphefumule kahle ngamakhala. Ukungenelela, okuzophinde kube yi-cauterization lapha, kuzokwenza lezi zimbotshana zibe mncane, zikhiqize ukuphefumula okungcono.

Ukwenziwa kwe-Cauterization ukwelapha i-epistaxis kuyisenzo esilungile uma kuqhathaniswa, akuwona ukuhlinzwa ngempela. Le cauterization yenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo. Lokhu kudinga i-swab kakotini, ecwiliswe oketshezini olubulala izinzwa ngaphambi kokuba ibanjwe imizuzu embalwa ekhaleni bese ikhishwa.

Ithuluzi elenza i-cauterization ngokwalo libe selisetshenziswa imizuzwana embalwa endaweni ezojiya. Le cauterization ingenziwa ngamakhemikhali, njenge-nitrate yesiliva noma i-chromic acid: le nqubo, ngokuvamile ehilela ukusetshenziswa kwenduku ye-nitrate yesiliva, ivumela umkhumbi wegazi obonakala ngaphakathi kwekhala futhi ojwayele ukuphuka. Le cauterization ingenziwa futhi ngokusebenzisa ama-tweezers kagesi: lokhu ke i-electrocoagulation.

Bonke ochwepheshe be-ENT (otorhinolaryngology) kungenzeka benze lolu hlobo lwe-cauterization. Lokhu kungenziwa ekamelweni labo lokubonisana noma emnyangweni we-ENT esimweni sasesibhedlela. Isenzo singasetshenziswa ezinganeni, ikakhulukazi uma zizolile: i-cauterization yamakhala nge-nitrate yesiliva ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo kungenzeka kusukela eminyakeni emine kuya kwemihlanu. Le ndlela yokuvala emelelwa i-cauterization ngezinye izikhathi ingaba buhlungu, naphezu kwe-anesthesia yendawo.

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-cauterization zibandakanya umdlavuza, futhi kulokhu ukungenelela kuzohlose ukubhubhisa izicubu ezingavamile noma amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngokusebenzisa umthombo wokushisa, amandla kagesi noma umkhiqizo wamakhemikhali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-cauterization yama-turbinates, amathambo amancane atholakala ngaphakathi kwekhala, nayo yenziwa: lapha, umgomo uzoba ukuvumela isiguli ukuba siphefumule kangcono.

Ukuze ulungiselele inqubo ye-cauterization, uma uvame ukuyiphuza, kuzodingeka uqiniseke, ikakhulukazi, ukuyeka izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ekuphuzeni imithi ehlose ukwenza igazi libe noketshezi, njengesibonelo:

• ama-anticoagulants;
• izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala;
• anti-platelet izidakamizwa.

Kuyoba ngcono futhi ukuthi ababhemayo bayeke ukubhema ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa, njengoba lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka ngemva kokuhlinzwa, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, kubambezela ukuphulukiswa, ikakhulukazi esimweni se-cauterization yamakhonethi.

I-Cauterization yokwelapha i-epistaxis ngokuvamile inikeza imiphumela egculisayo. Lokhu kuzosusa eminye yemithambo yegazi ebangela ukopha.

I-Cauterization yokwelapha umdlavuza iphumela ekubhujisweni kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza, noma izicubu ezingavamile.

Ngokuqondene ne-cauterization yama-turbinates, okuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa ukushisa ukuze "kushise" imithambo yegazi edlula kulwelwesi lwamafinyila, kuholela ekuvuvukeni kwegazi elincane kolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Ukunciphisa usayizi walezi zingqimba zamafinyila, ukusebenza kuzokwenza kube lula ukukhulula isikhala sokuhamba komoya. Ukuphefumula kwesiguli kuzoba ngcono ngempela.

Kukhona izingozi mayelana ne-cauterization ekwelapheni i-epistaxis lapho lezi zinqubo ziphindaphindiwe kaningi: esikhathini eside, ukubhoboza kwe-septum yamakhala kungase kwenzeke. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuphazamiseka akubangeli noma iyiphi inkinga ethile, kungase kube yimbangela yoqweqwe oluncane lwamakhala olunegazi.

Mayelana ne-cauterization yama-turbinates, izingozi ziphansi, kodwa-ke, kungenzeka, kuyaqabukela, kwenzeke ukutheleleka endaweni yokungenelela, futhi ezimweni ezingavamile kungase kubangele ukopha noma ukunqwabelana kwegazi ngaphansi kolwelwesi lwamafinyila, okuzokwenza kubangela i-hematoma.

Okokugcina, kuboniswe ezifundweni zesayensi ukuthi indlela ye-electro-coagulation ibangela ukuvuvukala kanye necrosis kunokuhlinzwa kwe-scalpel, isibonelo esimweni se-laparotomy. Futhi empeleni, ukukhishwa kwe-cauterization empeleni kubonakala kwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokuhlinza.

I-hypothesis evezwe yiqembu labacwaningi (uPeter Soballe nethimba lakhe) iwukuthi inani eliphansi lamabhaktheriya liyadingeka ukuze lithelele amanxeba abangelwa i-electro-cautery kunokuthelela amanxeba abangelwa i-scalpel.