Izinhlanzi ze-Carp: izici zokuziphatha nokuphila

Uhlobo lwezinhlanzi oluvame kakhulu emhlabeni i-crucian fish, ingamanzi ahlanzekile, itholakala yonke indawo, iyamnandi futhi ithandwa abaningi. Ungayithola kunoma yiliphi, ngisho nechibi elincane kakhulu, kuyilapho ukulibamba kuvame ukwenziwa ngegiya lakudala kakhulu. Okulandelayo, sinikeza ukufunda konke mayelana carp kusukela A kuya Z.

Incazelo

I-Crucian carp iyinhlobo evamile kakhulu yabakhileyo be-ichthy; ingatholakala kokubili emachibini nasemachibini anamanzi amile, nasemifuleni enendlela elinganiselwe. Kungokwesigaba sezinhlanzi ze-lecheperid, ama-cyprinids oda, ama-cyprinids omndeni. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene, njengoba indawo yokusabalalisa inkulu kakhulu. Akunzima ukulihlukanisa nabanye abantu basendaweni yamanzi, ngoba lokhu kwanele nje ukukubona ngamehlo akho.

Lokhu "ubuntu" obukhumbulekayo, incazelo yethulwa kangcono ngendlela yetafula:

Ngobude ingafinyelela ku-60 cm, futhi isisindo ngesikhathi esifanayo sifinyelele ku-5 kg.

Uphila iminyaka emingaki i-crucian? Ubude besikhathi buncike ezintweni eziningi, phakathi kwazo uhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu. Ojwayelekile unobude beminyaka eyi-12, kepha owesiliva ungaphansi kwawo kulokhu, awudluli iminyaka eyi-9.

habitat

Laba bameleli be-cyprinids abathobeki kakhulu, bafanele cishe wonke amanzi okuphila. Ungayithola ngaphandle kwezinkinga emifuleni ecwebile, emachibini anodaka oluningi nezimila. Imifula namachibi asezintabeni kuphela abangazithandi, endaweni enamanzi enjalo awamile nhlobo.

Manje kunzima ukunquma ukuthi izinhlanzi ezaziwa zivelaphi, ziyaziwa emazweni amaningi omhlaba ngenxa yokungenelela komuntu. Umsebenzi wezomnotho wamvumela ukuthi asabalale ku:

• Poland
• IJalimane;
• E-Italy;
• EPortugal;
• IHungary;
• IRomania;
• I-Great Britain;
• IBelarus;
• Kazakhstan;
• IMongolia;
• EChina;
• Korea.

Amachibi aseNyakatho awafani, amanzi abandayo aseSiberia, Kolyma, Primorye acishe abe yindabuko yommeleli womndeni we-carp. I-Carp ayibhekwa njengelukuluku e-USA, Thailand, Pakistan, India nakwamanye amazwe angaphandle kithi.

Ukudla

Lo mmeleli we-cyprinids uthathwa njenge-omnivorous, ngoba cishe awukho umkhiqizo ongenakudliwa. Kodwa-ke, izintandokazi zayo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngesigaba sokukhula nobudala:

• i-fry, esanda kuvela eqandeni, isebenzisa okuqukethwe kwe-yolk bladder impilo evamile;
• i-daphnia kanye ne-algae eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekunambithekeni kwabantu abaqhubeka nokuthuthuka;
• ukudlula kwanyanga zonke kuma-bloodworms nezinye izibungu zezinambuzane ezincane zasemfuleni;
• abantu abadala banetafula elihlukahlukene, lokhu kuhlanganisa ama-annelids, ama-crustaceans amancane, izibungu zezinambuzane, izimpande zezitshalo zasemanzini, iziqu, i-duckweed, i-algae.

Abanye babameleli baba ama-gourmets wangempela, ngenxa yokungenelela komuntu, okusanhlamvu abilisiwe, imvuthuluka yesinkwa, inhlama enebhotela sekuyinto evamile kubo. Ukusebenzisa lezi zici ukuthi ungakwazi ukubamba inombolo enkulu yale ichthyite. Kodwa-ke, i-crucian carp ivame ukungabi nalutho, ngosuku olufanayo endaweni efanayo ingathatha ama-baits ahluke ngokuphelele.

izinhlobo

I-carp predator noma cha? Lo mmeleli we-cyprinids uhlukaniswa njengezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezinokuthula, noma kunjalo, ngezinye izikhathi abantu abakhulu bangakwazi ukuzitholela ukudla okuthosiwe kohlobo lwabo. Kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu okwazi lokhu, ezinye izinhlobo zohlobo ziyi-herbivores ngokuphelele.

I-genus ihlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana, ngayinye yazo ezohluka ngesihlobo sayo ngokubukeka. Ake sicabangele eziningi kakhulu ngokuningiliziwe.

Igolide noma evamile (Carassius carassius)

Lesi yisibindi eside phakathi kohlobo lwayo, umuntu omkhulu angaphila iminyaka emi-5, kanti ngokwemibandela yemingcele angafinyelela kuyo:

• ubude - 50-60 cm;
• isisindo kufika ku-6 kg.

Ukuthomba kwenzeka eminyakeni engu-3-4 ubudala, kuyilapho okuvamile noma okusagolide kunalezi zici ezilandelayo ezihlukile:

• umzimba ubekwe eceleni, uyindilinga futhi uphakeme;
• i-dorsal fin iphakeme, inombala onsundu ngendlela efanayo ne-caudal;
• indunu eyodwa kanye nesisu esibhanqiwe sine-tint ebomvu;
• izikali zikhulu, zine-tint yethusi;
• abukho umbala esiswini, kodwa ngemuva unombala onsundu.

Unendawo yokuhlala evamile eYurophu, kuyilapho ukusabalala kuqala emanzini abandayo eBrithani, eNorway, eSweden naseSwitzerland, futhi kuphelele e-Italy, eSpain, eMacedonia, eCroatia. Kulula ukuhlangana ne-crucian carp yalolu hlobo e-Asia, e-China naseMongolia bazalelwa kuyo, kanye nengxenye yase-Asia yaseRussia, okungukuthi amachibi amancane angamaxhaphozi.

Isiliva (Carassius gibelio)

Ngaphambili, wayehlala ePacific Ocean kuphela, ukuzalaniswa kwe-crucian carp yalolu hlobo, okwaqala phakathi nokholo lwama-20, kwamsiza ukuba ahambe ibanga elihloniphekile. Manje ummeleli wesiliva we-cyprinids angatholakala ku:

• I-America esenyakatho;
• EChina;
• iNdiya;
• eSiberia;
• IMpumalanga Ekude;
• our country;
• IPoland;
• IBelarus;
• ELithuania;
• IRomania;
• IJalimane;
• Italy
• EPortugal.

Isiliva linobukhulu obuhle kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa nesihlobo salo esisagolide:

• ubude - kufika ku-40 ​​cm;
• isisindo esingaphezu kuka-4 kg.

Ubude besikhathi sokuphila iminyaka engu-8-9, kuyaqabukela kube khona abantu abakwazile ukufinyelela eminyakeni eyi-12.

Umehluko wangaphandle wesiliva umi kanje:

• isimo somzimba sifana kakhulu namanye amalungu ohlobo;
• izikali nazo zikhulu, kodwa zibe nombala osiliva noma oluhlaza kancane;
• amaphiko acishe abonakale, anombala obomvana, omnqumo, ompunga.

I-redfin carp ingeyalolu hlobo, isiliva yakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ze-reservoir eyodwa futhi yashintsha ukubukeka kwayo kancane.

Lezi zinhlobo zivumelana ngokuphelele nanoma yiziphi izimo zendawo yokuhlala, ngezinye izikhathi zishintsha ukubukeka kwazo, lokhu kwakuyisizathu sokukhetha njengesisekelo esisha, esakhiwe ngokwenziwa.

I-Goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Lolu hlobo lwafuywa ngokwenziwa, isiliva lathathwa njengesisekelo. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu, cishe zonke zilungele ukuzalanisa kuphela emanzini.

I-Goldfish izohluka ngezindlela ezahlukene:

• ubude kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-45 cm;
• umzimba oyisicaba, ovoid, side, oyindilinga;
• umbala uhluke kakhulu, kunezinhlanzi zayo yonke imibala yothingo;
• amaphiko amade amafushane, akhula njengovemvane, ambozwe ngeveli;
• amehlo omabili mancane kakhulu futhi makhulu, aqhumile.

Yilolu hlobo olubizwa ngokuthi i-Chinese crucian carp, ethandwa kakhulu kuleli zwe, kodwa amanye amazwe omhlaba ayithenga njengomhlobiso wokuhlobisa wanoma iyiphi i-reservoir yokwenziwa.

Isi-Japanese (Carassius cuvieri)

Kuzokwazi ukuthola abameleli balolu hlobo emanzini aseJapane naseTaiwan. Ayinazo izici ezikhethekile eziyihlukanisayo, ngaphandle kokuthi umzimba wayo umude kancane kunowesiliva.

Ubude obukhulu bezinhlanzi bufinyelela ku-35-40 cm, kodwa isisindo asidluli ku-3 kg.

Muva nje, abadobi bama-angle bathi kuningi okuvelile kumachibi phakathi nesifundo. Ngokubukeka, i-crucian carp ayifani nabantu abavela echibini noma echibini, kodwa ukuthunjwa kwayo kujabulisa kakhulu.

Ukuzalela

Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi, okungukuthi ikhono lokuzala, ku-crucian carp kwenzeka eminyakeni engu-3-4 ubudala. Ngesinye isikhathi, insikazi, ngokwesilinganiso, ingabekela amaqanda angaba ngu-300, futhi ukuze ikhule, ayidingi ukuba ne-carp yesilisa eduze. Kodwa, izinto zokuqala kuqala.

Isikhathi sokuzala siqala emzileni ophakathi ekupheleni kukaMeyi-ekuqaleni kukaJuni, inkomba enkulu lapha izinga lokushisa lamanzi. Ukuzala kuzokwenzeka kuphela ku-17-19 degrees Celsius, inqubo ngokwayo yenzeka ngokudlula okuningana, izikhawu lapho zingekho ngaphansi kwezinsuku eziyi-10.

I-caviar yommeleli we-cyprinids iphuzi futhi inokunamathela okuphezulu, iyinkomba yokugcina eyisiza ukuthi ithole indawo ephephile ezitshalweni ezingaphansi kwamanzi noma izimpande. Ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kuncike kakhulu kowesilisa, futhi hhayi ngempela ohlotsheni olufanayo.

Ukuze uqhubeke nohlobo lapho ingekho i-crucian carp yesilisa esivuthiwe ngokocansi, abesifazane bangavundisa amaqanda:

• i-bream;
• i-carp;
• i-carp;
• i-roach.

Ubisi lwe-goldfish nalo lungabamba iqhaza ekuvundiseni, nakuba lungeke luphelele. Njengomphumela we-gynogenesis, leli yigama lale nqubo, abesifazane kuphela abavela emaqandeni abekwe bazozalwa.

Ukuzalanisa kungaqhubeka kuze kube ngu-August.

Izici zokuziphatha

I-Carp endle ikhula kancane kakhulu kunokuzalanisa okwenziwa, isizathu salokhu umsoco. Emvelweni wemvelo, izinhlanzi ngeke zithole konke ezikudingayo ngenani elifanele, zidinga njalo ukuzifunela ukudla. Ngokutshalwa kokudla okufakelwayo, kukhona okungaphezu kokwanele, ngokuvamile kuvele kuningi, ikakhulukazi ukuze abameleli be-cyprinids bakhule ngokushesha futhi bathole isisindo.

Ikhula ngokushesha kangakanani i-crucian carp echibini? Ukukhula kwemvelo kubukeka kanje:

• ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, inhlanzi izuza ubuningi obungama-8 g;
• ekupheleni kwesibili, isivele inesisindo esingama-50 g;
• eminyakeni emithathu, umuntu unesisindo somzimba esingu-100 g.

Indondo yomuntu omdala yomdobi ovela echibini lasendle inesisindo esingama-500 g. Futhi ekhule ngokudla ngokuvamile ifinyelela ku-5 kg ​​ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Izici zokuziphatha zifaka:

• ithuba lokuzala ngaphandle kowesilisa wohlobo olufanayo;
• ukuhlala ngaphandle kwezimo ezingezinhle ku-silt;
• ukujwayela okuhle kakhulu cishe kunoma yiziphi izimo zokuphila;
• omnivorous.

I-crucian carp ikhula iminyaka emingaki echibini, futhi yiziphi izindlela ezingasetshenziswa ukuyibamba?

Izindlela zokudoba

Bamba inhlazi yasemfuleni konke nokunye. Kungenzeka ukubamba izinhlanzi ezinjalo ngisho nangezinto zakudala kakhulu, noma kunjalo, ezimbalwa zanamuhla ziye zasungulwa nge-crucian carp. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuze kube sekwindla sebenzisa:

• imbongolo ene-rubber shock absorber (ibhande le-elastic);
• i-float tack;
• carp killer inombolo ehlukile feeders.

Umdobi ugibela ngamunye wabo ngendlela yakhe, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, ezenzela yena. Kunezindlela eziningi nezinketho, esikhathini esizayo sizokutshela ngokuningiliziwe ngayinye yazo.

Kunzima ukuthola lo mmeleli we-cyprinids eqhweni. Kwenzeka kanjani i-carp ebusika? Imane igebe odaka phakathi nesithwathwa esinamandla ifike ekujuleni okungamamitha ayi-0,7 futhi ilinde lapho izimo ezimbi, okuhlanganisa nesomiso esinzima.

Kuyathakazelisa mayelana nama-crucians

Nakuba isilwane sethu saziwa abaningi, sinezimfihlo nezimfihlo zaso, esizokwembula kancane manje:

• ngokubamba, amaconsi e-garlic noma i-anise avame ukungezwa ku-bait, lawa maphunga azoheha ngisho ne-crucian carp evilapha kakhulu ngokucofa okuphelele;
• baqala ukuzalela eShayina, futhi lokhu kwenzeka ngekhulu lesikhombisa AD;
• izinhlanzi zegolide zivame ukusetshenziswa ososayensi ngezinjongo zesayensi, babeyizakhamuzi zokuqala zezinhlanzi ukuya emkhathini;
• umuzwa wabo wokuhogela muhle kakhulu, isiheho esinephunga elinamandla siyakwazi ukuheha ukunaka kwezinhlanzi kude, ezitholakala kude nayo;
• isitho esibucayi kakhulu umugqa we-lateral, nguye ozotshela i-crucian mayelana nokudla, indawo yengozi engaba khona, ibanga elilinganiselwe lento ethile.

I-Carp ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukutshalwa kokwenziwa, amachibi amaningi akhokhelwayo agcwele lolu hlobo oluthile. I-Carp ikhula ngokushesha futhi ithuthuke ngokudla okufanele, eminyakeni embalwa kuzokwazi ukubamba abokuqala.

Izinhlanzi ze-carp zivame kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-carp, eziningi zifakiwe lapha, kukhona ne-red crucian carp. Babanjwa ngezindlela ezahlukene, futhi iyiphi ephumelela kakhulu kunqunywa umvukuzi ngokwakhe.