Okuqukethwe
I-oncologist inikeza iseluleko sokuthi ungaphuthelwa kanjani isifo esiyingozi.
Izindaba zokuthi umsiki wengqephu odumile emhlabeni uValentin Yudashkin useneminyaka eminingana elwa nomdlavuza zisanda kuduma kwabezindaba. Ngokusho kwe-couturier, wayehlale ezama ukunaka impilo yakhe futhi ehlolwa njalo ngonyaka. Ngo-2016, u-Valentin akakwazanga ukudlula elinye isheke - lapho nje imiphumela yayizobonisa ukuba khona komdlavuza. Ungaphuthelwa kanjani umdlavuza? UMaxim Astrakhantsev, i-oncologist-chemotherapist yenethiwekhi ye-federal yochwepheshe be-oncology "Euroonco", uphendule lo mbuzo ngokuningiliziwe, futhi wakhuluma ngezimbangela, izimpawu nezindlela zokwelapha lesi sifo.
Udokotela-oncologist-chemotherapist wenethiwekhi yenhlangano yemitholampilo yochwepheshe be-oncology "Euroonco"
Izizathu zokuthuthukiswa kwezifo ze-oncological
Ukuthuthukiswa kwanoma iyiphi i-tumor kusekelwe emonakalweni wesakhiwo se-DNA futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukubonakala kwamangqamuzana e-atypical. Amakhulu wezinto ezithinta wonke umuntu nsuku zonke. Ithonya labo lingashintsha i-DNA yamaseli, ngenxa yalokho aphuma ngaphandle kokulawula umzimba. Ngemva kokuqongelela inani elibucayi lomonakalo, amaseli aba yingozi, okungukuthi, athola izici ezingezona ezejwayelekile ezakhiweni ezinempilo.
Yini ngempela enomthelela kulezi zinguquko? Imbangela ayikaziwa. Kepha kuma-pathologies amaningi we-oncological, inhlanganisela yezinto ezimbalwa iba yisidingo sokuqala:
Imikhuba emibi. Isibonelo, uphuzo oludakayo luqukethe i-ethanol, enomthelela olimazayo kumaseli emzimbeni. Ukuphuza ngokweqile kuholela ku-cirrhosis, futhi lokhu ngokuvamile kubangela ukuthuthukiswa kwama-neoplasms ayingozi esibindi. Intuthu kagwayi iqukethe i-carbon monoxide, i-beryllium, i-nickel, nenani lamanye amakhemikhali ayingozi angaba nomthelela ekushintsheni kokugula kwamangqamuzana.
Izifo ezingalapheki Ngokumelene nesizinda sokuncipha kokuzivikela komzimba, okubonakala ezifweni eziningi ezingapheli, ukuzivikela kwe-anticancer kuba buthaka. Amaseli ashintshiwe ahlukanisa futhi enze i-pathological foci. Ezinye izifo zithinta ngokuqondile amathuba okuba nomdlavuza. I-viral hepatitis ihambisana nokukhula kwamangqamuzana asebenzayo, okwandisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-carcinoma yesibindi.
Indlela yokuphila yama-sedentary. Ukungawuvivinyi umzimba kwenza umzimba ungazweli kahle futhi kungaholela ekukhuluphaleni, okwandisa amathuba okuba nomdlavuza. Indlela yokuphila engenzi lutho iphinde ithinte kabi amandla omzimba okumelana nezifo, izinqubo zokuvuvukala, ukubukeka kwama-neoplasms ayingozi futhi ayingozi.
Isimo semvelo. Sikhuluma ngakho kokubili ukuchayeka endaweni engcolile kanye nokusebenza ezimbonini eziyingozi ezihlobene nemisebe, uthuli noma ukuhogela amakhemikhali.
Ukucindezeleka. Ngokwawo, umdlavuza awubangeli ukucindezeleka kwengqondo, kodwa ngesikhathi sokushaqeka njalo kwezinzwa, ukuzivikela komzimba kuyancipha kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, umzimba ukhiqiza i-hormone cortisol, inani elikhulu elenza buthaka ikhono lomzimba lokubhubhisa amangqamuzana angavamile.
Ubudala. Lokhu kuyisici esibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwe-oncological pathologies. Njengoba ukhula, ziningi izingozi ezingase zibe khona kanye nemikhuba emibi. Isilinganiso seminyaka yobudala yeziguli ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa komdlavuza yiminyaka engama-66.
Izimpawu ze-pathology
Isikhathi eside, umdlavuza ungakhula ngaphandle kwezimpawu, kodwa lokhu akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngokwemibandela, "izimpawu" zesifo zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili. Eyokuqala izimpawu ezingaqondile ezibonisa ukuphazamiseka okungenzeka ekusebenzeni komzimba, okuhlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yesimila. Ngokwesibonelo, ukulahlekelwa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu, ukungabi nesifiso sokudla и ukhathala okwandayo ngisho nasezenzweni ezijwayelekile nezilula. Akunakwenzeka ukwenza iziphetho ezicacile ngesisekelo sezimpawu ezinjalo, ngoba zingabonisa izifo ezihlukahlukene.
Iqembu lesibili lihlanganisa izimpawu ezithile ezingase zibonise indawo yenqubo yesimila. Ngokwesibonelo, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukuba ndikindiki ezindaweni ezithile zomzimba, ukudideka kokukhuluma, nokungaxhumani kahle ngokuvamile kuyizimpawu i-neoplasm eyingozi ebuchosheni… Izimpawu ezifana ukuntula isifiso sokudla, isicanucanu, ukuncipha kwesisindo и isisu esibuhlungu kungase kubonise ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yesimila kulesi sitho noma ama-pancreas.
Uma ubona izinguquko ezisolisayo esimweni sakho, sincoma ukuthi ungalibali ukuya kudokotela, ngoba ukuxilongwa ngesikhathi okunquma umphumela wesifo.
Ukuvimbela I-Cancer
1. Izivivinyo zokuvimbela zonyaka ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe ukuhlolwa komtholampilo… Umsebenzi wokuhlolwa okunjalo kwezokwelapha uwukuthola izifo umuntu angase angazazi.
Uhlelo lokuhlolwa komtholampilo luhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo okuvamile, i-fluorography kanye ne-X-ray yesifuba, kanye ne-ultrasound yezitho zesisu. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-30, ukuvakashelwa kwaminyaka yonke kudokotela wezifo zabesifazane kanye ne-mammologist kuyimpoqo kwabesifazane, kanye ne-urologist yamadoda. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40, kuyadingeka ukwengeza i-gastroscopy ne-colonoscopy. Inkimbinkimbi yalezi zivivinyo yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlonza iningi lezimila eziyingozi kusenesikhathi.
2. Kubaluleke ngokufanayo Indlela yokuphila… Zivocavoce okungenani kancane njalo futhi uhambe emoyeni omusha okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku.
3. Zigcine eyakho isisindo ngaphakathi kwemingcele evamile body mass index, banamathele ezimisweni zokudla okunomsoco.
4. Yeka imikhuba emibi.
5. Gwema izimo ezicindezelayo.
Izindlela zokulwa ne-pathology
Ukwamukela ukuxilongwa komdlavuza akulula, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-oncologist enhle izoba umhlahlandlela wakho empilweni yakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuthi uthuthuka ngokushesha, uma inqubo yesimila ingatholwa kusenesikhathi, amathuba okuxolelwa angaphezu kwama-95%.
Izindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko zomdlavuza zihlanganisa ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kanye ne-chemotherapy. Futhi ku-arsenal yodokotela eminyakeni yamuva, izindlela ezinjengalezi ezihlosiwe kanye ne-immune therapy ziye zavela. Izidakamizwa ezihlosiwe zivimba ukusebenza kwamaprotheni athile adingekayo ekukhuleni kwesimila, ngaleyo ndlela yehlise noma imise ukukhula kwesimila. I-Immunotherapy isiza isiguli ukuthi silwe namangqamuzana omdlavuza ngokuzakhela “umuthi wokugomela” amaseli angajwayelekile. Ngaphezu kokwenza izindlela ezintsha, ososayensi bakunaka kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ezikhona.
Indlela ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi, ngakho-ke, ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela omuhle kakhulu ekwelapheni, kusetshenziswa indlela ehlangene, okungukuthi, inhlanganisela yamasu amaningana.
Ulwazi oluwusizo mayelana nezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-oncology:
Kungani umdlavuza wesibeletho uyingozi nokuthi ungelapheka kanjani, bheka lapha;
Konke mayelana nezimbangela, izimpawu kanye nokuvinjelwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu - lapha;
Konke odinga ukukwazi ngomdlavuza wegilo kulapha;
Kungani i-armpit compaction kuwuphawu oluyingozi kwabesifazane - lapha;
Nini ukubonisa udokotela izimpawu zokuzalwa - lapha.
Imithombo:
1. UMaxim Astrakhantsev, i-oncologist-chemotherapist yenethiwekhi yenhlangano yemitholampilo yochwepheshe be-oncology .