I-Burbot: incazelo yezinhlanzi, indawo yokuhlala, lokho ekudlayo, ukuzala

I-Burbot imele uhlobo lwegama elifanayo, isigaba sezinhlanzi ezine-ray-finned kanye nomndeni we-cod. Lo mndeni wavela emhlabeni wethu izigidi eziningi zeminyaka edlule. Izici ze-burbot ukuthi ibhekwa njengenhlanzi yamanzi ahlanzekile kuphela yalo mndeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lena yiyona kuphela inhlanzi emachibini ethu, okubonisa umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ebusika. Kuyinto yakho kokubili ukudoba kwezemidlalo kanye ne-amateur. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inentshisekelo yokuhweba.

Burbot fish: incazelo

Cishe bonke ochwepheshe basekhaya bayavuma ukuthi uhlobo lwe-burbot luyingxenye yomndeni wakwaLotidae Bonaparte, kodwa ososayensi abafinyelelanga esiphethweni esingaguquki mayelana nemvelo ehlukahlukene. Abanye ososayensi bahlukanisa ama-subspecies ambalwa kuphela. Ngokwesibonelo:

• I-burbot evamile (Lota lota lota), ethathwa njengommeleli wakudala wamachibi aseYurophu nase-Asia, okuhlanganisa nomfula iLena.
• I-Burbot inomsila omuhle (I-Lota lota leptura), ehlala emanzini aseSiberia, kusukela emseleni woMfula iKara kuya emanzini eBering Strait, kuhlanganise nogu lwase-Arctic e-Alaska kuze kufike eMfuleni iMackenzie.

ENyakatho Melika, i-subspecies ethi "Lota lota maculosa" iphila, okubhekwa njengempikiswano. Ukubonakala kwama-burbots, kanye nendlela yabo yokuphila, kubonisa ukuthi izinhlanzi azizange zibe nezinguquko ezinkulu kusukela nge-Ice Age.

ukubukeka

Ama-Burbot anomzimba omude kodwa ophansi, oyindilinga ngaphambili futhi ocindezelwe kancane ngemuva. Ikhanda liyisicaba futhi lide, kanti namehlo mancane kakhulu. Umlomo, ngokuphambene nalokho, mkhulu, futhi umhlathi ongezansi uthi mfishane kunowongenhla. Emlonyeni ungabona amazinyo amancane, amise okwe-bristle. Kukhona uthi olulodwa esilevini, ubude balo cishe ingxenye yesihlanu yekhanda. Kodwa emhlathini ongenhla kumila amadevu awodwa.

Umbala wama-burbots uncike ezimeni zokuhlala ezihambisana nezici zenhlabathi, ukukhanya nokucaca kwamanzi, kuhlanganise neminyaka yezinhlanzi. Ngakho-ke, imibala yabo ingaba ehlukahlukene kakhulu. Kukholakala ukuthi umbala wakudala wama-burbots uqukethe ama-brown brown noma ama-black-gray hues, akhanya ngeminyaka yezinhlanzi.

Emzimbeni wama-burbots, ungahlala ubona izindawo ezikhanyayo zobukhulu obukhulu, ikakhulukazi kuma-fin angabhanqiwe futhi ukusuka ezinhlangothini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuma nobukhulu bamabala kungahlukahluka, kodwa emaphethelweni nasesiswini umbala wabo uhlala ulula.

Ama-Burbots abonakala ngokuba khona kwama- dorsal fins amabili. Njengomthetho, owokuqala wabo mfushane, kanti owesibili yinde kuneyokuqala futhi ephawulekayo. Iphiko lendunu nalo liyahluka ngobude obuthile. Kanye ne-dorsal fin, zisondela eduze kwephiko le-caudal, kodwa azenzi lonke elinye nalo. I-pectoral fins iyindilinga. Amaphiko e-pelvic atholakala endaweni yomphimbo, eduze ne-pectorals. I-ventral fin yakha umsebe wesibili ofana nesici sefilament ende yamaseli ezinzwa. I-caudal fin inesimo esiyindilinga esiyindilinga.

Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi! Ama-Burbots e-Ob basin anezinkomba ezinhle kakhulu zokuzuza isisindo, kanye ne-Vilyui burbot. I-burbot enkulu kunazo zonke, efinyelela isisindo esingaba ngamakhilogremu angu-18, itholakala eMfuleni iLena.

Umzimba wama-burbots umbozwe ngezikali ezincane ze-cycloid, ezitholakala cishe phezu kwendawo yonke yomzimba, kuhlanganise nendawo yekhanda, kuze kufike kukhava lwegill nasemakhaleni. Umugqa osemaceleni ugijima cishe uyofika emsileni nangaphezulu, kodwa ungase uphazamiseke. Ingakhula ibe usayizi wamamitha angu-1,2, kuyilapho izinga lokukhula lincike kakhulu ekutholakaleni kokudla endaweni yokugcina amanzi.

Ukuziphatha kanye nendlela yokuphila

Ukuhluka kwale nhlanzi kulele eqinisweni lokuthi i-burbot ibonisa umsebenzi wayo omkhulu emanzini abandayo, kuyilapho ukuzala kwayo kwenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo lapho isithwathwa sikaDisemba noJanuwari sisemgwaqweni. Ngakho-ke, singasho ngokuphepha ukuthi inani eliphakeme lomsebenzi we-burbot lenzeka ebusika. Lesi silwane esizingelayo sithanda ukuphila impilo ye-benthic futhi siyozingela ebusuku kuphela.

I-Burbot nezinhlobonhlobo zayo izizwa ikhululekile ezimeni lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingeqi ku-+11,5 degrees. Lapho amanzi echibini efudumala aze afike ezingeni lokushisa eliphakeme, i-burbot iyaba engasebenzi noma iwela esimweni sokugqwayiza okumisiwe.

Nakuba i-burbot ingeyona eyezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezifunda esikoleni, umhlambi wama-burbot ohlanganisa abantu abambalwa ungatholakala kalula. Njengomthetho, lokhu kuyisici sabantu abancane, futhi izibonelo zendondo zihlukaniswa. Lapho kuqala ukushisa, ama-burbots aqala ukuzifunela indawo yokuhlala, ecasha emigodini noma phakathi kwenqwaba yamatshe.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo! Ama-burbots amadala awakwazi ukudla isikhathi eside.

Le nhlanzi ikhetha izindawo zamakamu ayo lapho kushaywa khona iziphethu ezibandayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nhlanzi ayikubekezeleli ukukhanya, ngakho izizwa ingakhululekile ngisho nasebusuku obukhanyiswe yinyanga. Lapho kuqala ukushisa, ama-burbot ayeka ukudla ngokuphelele futhi ayozingela lapho kufika izikhathi zokupholisa, bese kuba sebusuku kuphela.

I-burbot ihlala isikhathi esingakanani

I-Burbot ayiyona eyezinhlanzi eziphila isikhathi eside, ngoba ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezinhle kakhulu ayikwazi ukuphila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-25.

Uhla, izindawo zokuhlala

Ama-Burbot ahlukaniswa yiqiniso lokuthi ahlala ikakhulukazi emifuleni egeleza e-Arctic Ocean. Nakuba, uma sithatha ama-British Isles, izinsalela zama-burbots zitholakala yonke indawo lapha, kodwa ezimweni zemvelo, ikakhulukazi namuhla, ama-burbots awatholakali lapha. Isimo esifanayo sikhona nakwamanye amazwe, njengeBelgium neJalimane, nakuba ekugcineni kwawo ama-burbots asatholakala emanzini ase-Elbe, eDanube, e-Oder naseRhine. Emazweni anjenge-UK neJalimane, umsebenzi onzima uyaqhubeka wokudala kabusha inani lama-burbot.

Isenzakalo esivamile emizimbeni yamanzi yaseSweden, Norway, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia naseFinland, lapho ama-burbots evame ukutholakala emvelweni lapha, nakuba inani labantu lincane eFinland. Lokhu kungenxa yezici eziningi, futhi okuyinhloko ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyaphawulwa izinqubo zokwenziwa kwe-asidi emanzini kanye nokubusa kwezinhlobo ezingaziwa, ezithatha indawo yezinhlobo zemvelo.

Iziqiwu eziyinhloko ze-burbot eSlovenia zihlakazekile emanzini oMfula iDrava naseLake Cerknica. I-Czech Republic ingaziqhayisa ngokuthi ama-burbot ahlala emfuleni i-Ohře neMorava. Ngokuqondene neRussia, ama-burbots asatshalaliswa cishe yonke indawo endaweni yawo, emanzini asezindaweni ezipholile nase-Arctic. Njengomthetho, lezi yizitsha ze-White, Baltic, Barents, Caspian kanye noLwandle Olumnyama, kuhlanganise nemifula eminingi yaseSiberia.

Indawo yokuhlala yama-burbots ikhawulelwe ogwini lwe-Arctic Ocean, kanti ama-burbots atholakala eNhlonhlweni Yamal, eTaimyr, eziqhingini eziseNew Siberian, kanye naseziqhingini ze-Ob ne-Irtysh, kanye neLake Baikal. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abameleli balo mndeni bangatholakala e-Amur nangaphakathi kolwandle lweZhenltoy, eziqhingini zaseShantar naseSakhalin.

Ukudla kwama-burbots

Ukudla kwama-burbots kuqukethe izinto zemvelaphi yezilwane, ezitholakala ngaphansi kwe-burbot. Abantu abasha abangakafiki eminyakeni emi-2 badla izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene, ama-crustaceans amancane nezibungu, kuhlanganise namaqanda ezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinhlanzi. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-2 ubudala, ukudla kwabo kakade kufaka amaxoxo, izibungu zawo namaqanda ezinhlanzi. Abantu asebekhulile bakhetha ukudla kakhulu izinhlanzi, kanti ubukhulu bezinhlanzi bungaba ngu-30% wesisindo sabo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-burbots amadala adla ngokuhlukile, kuye ngokuthi inkathi. Uma sithatha isikhathi sasentwasahlobo nesehlobo, khona-ke isisekelo sokudla kwabo yi-crayfish nezibungu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubukhulu besilwane esizingelayo. Lapho ukushisa kungena, ama-burbot angase enqabe ukudla. Ngalesi sikhathi, bakhetha ukuba endaweni ejulile, eduze nemithombo ephansi yamanzi abandayo. Ngokuqala kwekwindla, ama-burbots aqala ukusebenza futhi ashiye izindawo zokukhosela. Zihamba ebusuku kuphela.

Lapho befuna ukudla, ama- burbot avakashela amanzi angashoni. Ngokuncipha kwezinga lokushisa lamanzi, izifiso zalezi zilwane ezidla ezinye ziyakhula. Inani eliphakeme lomsebenzi wabo liwela esikhathini sasebusika, lapho ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, ngokuphambene nalokho, ziqala ukuphila impilo evilaphayo, ngakho-ke zivame ukuwela emlonyeni walesi silwane. Njengomthetho, lezi yizinhlanzi ezifana ne-char, i-ruff, i-gudgeon, kodwa kunezinhlanzi eziqaphile, njenge-crucian carp, isibonelo, evame ukukwazi ukubalekela ukuphishekela umhlaseli.

I-burbot iluma ngendlela ekhethekile, njengoba ibamba inyamazane yayo nganoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba futhi ngokushesha izama ukuyigwinya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umhlaseli akenzi ukunyakaza okungazelelwe. UBurbot akavamile ukusebenzisa amehlo akhe, njengoba ethanda ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi sokuphila kwakhe ekujuleni, kodwa unomuzwa othuthuke kakhulu wokuhogela nokuzwa.

Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo! Ama-Burbots nawo angadla inyama ebolile. Ngokuvamile kufanele zigwinye izinhlanzi ezinamaphiko, njenge-sticleback noma i-ruff. Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi i-ruff ibhekwa njengesidlo esiyintandokazi sesilwane esizingelayo, ngakho-ke iyisisulu sakudala sama-burbots ngesikhathi sokuzingela kwabo ebusuku.

Ama-Burbots ekude kakhulu anganquma izisulu zawo ezingase zibe khona. Ebusika, ama-burbots anesikhathi lapho engadli isonto elilodwa. Njengomthetho, emva kwalokhu, ama-burbots aya kuzala.

Inqubo yokuzalanisa

Njengoba esephile iminyaka emi-2 noma emi-3, ama-burbots alungele ukuqhubeka nomjaho wawo. Ngalesi sikhathi, kukhona abesilisa abaningi kunabesifazane. Owesifazane ngamunye uhambisana okungenani nabesilisa abangu-2, kuyilapho amaqanda avuthiwe ekhona ngisho nakubantu abancane kakhulu. Emachibini, zombili izinhlobo ezinkulu nezincane zama-burbots zingaphila, ezihluke ngombala wazo ocishe ube mnyama. Izinhlobo ze-Lake burbot zikhula futhi zikhule ngokushesha kunezinhlobo zemifula. Izinhlobo zemifula zithunyelwa ukuba zizale ngobude bomzimba okungenani obungama-30 cm, kuyilapho zithola isisindo okungenani esingu-1,5 kg. Ukuthosa okuvela emaqandeni kuyakhula futhi kukhule ngokushesha futhi maphakathi nehlobo akhule afinyelele ku-10 cm ubude.

Abantu abadala bangabokuqala ukuzala ngamaqembu ezicucu ezimbalwa. Ngemva kwabo, abantu abaphakathi nendawo bayazala. Abagcina ukuzala abantu abancane kunabo bonke, kanye nalabo abazalela okokuqala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izingane zinhlanhlatha zibe yimihlambi eminingi. Ama-Burbot ayazala, akhuphukele phezulu nomfula kuphela ebusuku. Ukuzalanisa, inhlanzi ikhetha izindawo ze-reservoir ezinendawo eqinile, etholakala emanzini angajulile.

Kubalulekile ukwazi! Kuze kube unyaka owodwa wokuphila, ama-burbots amancane ancamela ukucasha phakathi kwamatshe. Ngonyaka olandelayo wokuphila, ngokufika kwehlobo, baya ekujuleni. Imikhuba yesilwane esizingelayo iqala ukubonakala lapho ifinyelela ukuthomba.

Ama-Burbots, phakathi komndeni wama-cod, ayanda kakhulu. Insikazi ngayinye endala ikwazi ukubekela amaqanda afinyelela kuhhafu wesigidi, anombala ophuzi futhi amancane kakhulu ngosayizi. Ubukhulu bawo bufinyelela ku-1 mm. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ama-burbots azalela amaqanda amaningi, izinga lawo lokusinda liphansi kakhulu, ngakho-ke abantu abadla ezinye abahlukani ngamanani amakhulu.

Izitha zemvelo zama-burbots

Uma uthatha i-burbot endala, khona-ke unezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo. Kodwa esigabeni sokukhula kwamaqanda kanye nentsha, izimanga eziningi zilindele ama-burbots, ngakho-ke bambalwa kuphela abasinda ekuthombeni. Ngaphezu kokuthi izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi azikhathaleli ukunambitha i-burbot caviar ngisho nasebusika, ngemva kokuzalwa, ezinye izilwane ezizingelayo zizingela izingane, njenge-perch, i-ruff, i-goby, i-silver bream, njll. i-burbot yabantu abadala iyancipha ukusebenza, ingaba kalula ukudla kwe-catfish, enkulu kakhulu.

Inani labantu kanye nesimo sama-burbots

Namuhla, emazweni amaningi ama- burbot asezoshabalala, futhi kwamanye amazwe anyamalale ngokuphelele futhi athola izinsalela zawo kuphela. Inani elijwayelekile lama-burbots nalo liyancipha. Kwamanye amazwe, kuthathwa izinyathelo ezinqala zokubuyisela i-burbot njengohlobo lwezilwane. Nakuba lokhu akulula kangaka ukukwenza. Into ewukuthi imithombo yamanzi ingcolile ngenani eliphezulu, ngakho-ke, izinyathelo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ziyadingeka, ezidinga izindleko ezinkulu. Inani elizinzile kakhulu noma elincane lama-burbots libonwa emifuleni nasemachibini aseSwitzerland.

Kubalulekile ukwazi! Izibalo ze-Burbot emhlabeni wonke zithintwa izici eziningi, ngokuvamile ezihlotshaniswa nokuvunwa okungalawuleki kwale nhlanzi. Isici sezemvelo akufanele futhi sehliswe. Abazingeli abangekho emthethweni babangela umonakalo omkhulu enanini lezinhlanzi, ukulwa okufanele kufinyelele ezingeni elisha.

Njengomthetho, izici zanamuhla ezithinta kabi inani lama-burbots emanzini ase-Europe nase-Asia ziyimvelo evamile. Namuhla, lena inkinga engathi sína edinga ukungenelela ngokushesha ezingeni lohulumeni bamazwe athile aseYurophu nase-Asia. Uma sithatha iSlovenia, khona-ke kuleli zwe ukubanjwa kwe-burbot akuvunyelwe nhlobo, futhi eBulgaria lesi silwane esizingelayo sanikezwa isimo "sohlobo olungavamile".

Ngamanye amazwi, kulawo mazwe lapho kunakekelwa khona ukuthi i-burbot ayinyamalali njengohlobo lwezilwane, izinombolo zayo zihlala ngaphakathi kwemingcele efanele. Akufanele kukhohlwe ukuthi izinyathelo zokulondoloza inani labantu bezilwane namuhla zidinga izindleko ezinkulu futhi akuwona wonke amazwe angakwazi ukuzikhokhela.

Inani lezentengiso le-burbot

I-Burbot ithathwa njengenhlanzi ebaluleke kakhulu yezentengiselwano, njengoba inyama yayo imnandi kakhulu, inokunambitheka okumnandi futhi ithenda. Inyama yalesi silwane esizingelayo iyisici sokuthi ngemva kokuqandisa noma ngisho nesitoreji esifushane, ingalahlekelwa ngokushesha ukunambitheka kwayo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela isibindi se-burbot, esiphawuleka ngobukhulu baso obukhulu futhi sibonakala ngokunambitheka okumangalisayo kanye nokuba khona kohlu lonke lwezingxenye eziwusizo. Inyama ye-Burbot, njengenyama yabanye abameleli bezwe elingaphansi kwamanzi, inokuqukethwe kwamafutha aphansi, ngakho-ke ilungele ukulungiselela izitsha ezihlukahlukene zokudla. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kulabo abanamakhilogremu engeziwe futhi badinga ukulahlekelwa ngokushesha. Izitsha ezivela ku-burbot, futhi ikakhulukazi ezibilisiwe, ziwusizo kunoma yisiphi isigaba sezakhamuzi. Inkinga nje ukungabekezelelani komuntu siqu komzimba, nakuba bembalwa kakhulu abantu abanjalo. Ukudla izitsha zezinhlanzi nsuku zonke, umuntu njalo ugcwalisa umzimba wakhe ngamavithamini namaminerali adingekayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, imisebenzi yezitho eziningi, kuhlanganise nesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi, ijwayelekile kumuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitsha zezinhlanzi zivimbela ukuguga komzimba, zivuselele isikhumba. Njengomthetho, izifo zivela ngokumelene nesizinda sokuntuleka kwezinto ezithile zokulandelela, ngakho-ke, ngokudla izitsha zezinhlanzi, kungenzeka ukuvimbela ukuvela kwezifo eziningi kumuntu.

Ekuphetheni

Esikhathini sethu, kunzima ukuthola uhlobo lwezinhlanzi olungeke lube sezingeni lokuqothulwa. Uma sithatha, isibonelo, i-salmon, khona-ke namuhla abaningi abameleli balo mndeni basondele ekuqothulweni futhi ukudoba kwabo ngokuvamile kuvinjelwe noma kuvunyelwe, kodwa ngaphansi kwelayisensi kuphela. Le ndlela ikhombisa ukuthi sekuqaliwe ukulawula ukubanjwa kwezinhlanzi. Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, khona-ke maduzane umuntu uzobona kuphela ezithombeni ukuthi lokhu noma lolo hlobo lwezinhlanzi lwalubukeka kanjani. Okufanayo kungashiwo ngama-burbots, omunye wabameleli abamangalisayo bomndeni we-cod ohlala emanzini ahlanzekile.

Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, izici ezithinta ukuchichima kwe-burbot emanzini ethu ziyimvelo evamile, okusho ukuthi sonke kuzodingeka sithathe izinyathelo ezifanayo ukuze sibuyisele inani lezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi, kuhlanganise ne-burbot.