Ukopha okuphuma ekhaleni, noma i-epistaxis, kuyinto ejwayelekile futhi evame ukuba mnene. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, ukuba nekhala elophayo kungaba uphawu lwenkinga enkulu yempilo. Ukubonisana okuphuthumayo kunconywa ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka kuphuma igazi noma liphindaphinda.

Ukuphuma kwegazi: yini i-epistaxis?

I-Epistaxis yigama lezokwelapha elikhala ngegazi. Kubonakala ngokugeleza kwegazi emigodini yamakhala.

Kukuziphi izimo lapho kufanele ukhathazeke khona?

Ezimweni eziningi, ukuba nekhala elophayo kuyinto enobungozi futhi yesikhashana. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, i-epistaxis ingaba uphawu lwenkinga enkulu yempilo. Ezinye izimpawu zingaxwayisa, njengokuphuma komlomo okuqhubekayo noma okuphindaphindiwe.

I-epistaxis ebalulekile, ikesi elivame kakhulu lokopha kwamakhala

Ezimweni ezingama-60%, i-epistaxis kuthiwa ibalulekile. I-Benign futhi idlulayo, ukuphuma kwegazi kungenxa yokuqhekeka kwama-capillaries egazi ezingeni le-vascular spot, iphuzu lokuhlangana kwezinhlelo ze-arterial ze-nasos fossa.

I-epistaxis ebalulekile ivame ukubangelwa ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi okungabangelwa noma kugcizelelwe ngu:

• ukuvezwa yilanga ;
• umzamo womzimba ;
• ukunwaya ngokungakafiki isikhathi.

Lezi zimbangela zivame kakhulu ezinganeni ezinegazi. Zitholakala nakwintsha nasebekhulile. Ukuphuma kwegazi ngamakhala kungabonakala nakubantu abadala.

Ukuphuma kwegazi: yiziphi ezinye izimbangela ezingaba khona?

Ngenkathi i-epistaxis ebalulekile iyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokuphuma kwegazi, kukhona abanye abanezimbangela ezahlukahlukene. Kulokhu, ukopha ngokuvamile kungumphumela wokungajwayelekile noma isifo. I-epistaxis ingabe isibe nenjongo eyenziwe yasendaweni noma ejwayelekile.

Ukuphuma kwegazi emzimbeni kungaba nemvelaphi yasendaweni lapho kungenxa yokuthi:

• ukuhlukumezeka ;
• ukuvuvukala, njenge-rhinitis noma i-sinusitis, engabangelwa ukutheleleka kwe-ENT;
• isimila, enobungozi noma ebulalayo, engabekwa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zemigodi yamakhala.

Ukuphuma kwegazi ngamakhala kungabuye kube nemvelaphi ejwayelekile lapho kungumphumela wesifo esiyisisekelo esifana nokuthi:

• thenomfutho wegazi ophezulu ;
• a isifo segazi kubangelwa i-thrombocytopenia noma i-thrombopathy, ukuthatha imishanguzo ethile, i-haemophilia, noma izinhlobo ezithile ze-purpura;
• a isifo semithambo yegazi njengesifo iRendu-Osler noma i-intracavernous carotid aneurysm eqhekekile.

Ukopha ngamakhala kungaziveza ngezindlela ezahlukene. Angaba:

• okuningi noma okuncane kakhulu, kusuka ekudonselweni okulula kuya ekugelezeni isikhathi eside;
• okuhlangene noma okubili, kwenzeka ekhaleni elilodwa noma emakhaleni womabili ngasikhathi sinye;
• ngezikhathi ezithile noma kaningi ;
• okudlulayo noma okuphikelelayo.

Yize ukuphuma kwegazi kuvame ukuba mnene, kunezimpawu ezithile okufanele zikwazise ukuthi unciphise ubungozi benkinga. Izeluleko zezokwelapha zinconywa ikakhulukazi uma ikhala liphuma kakhulu, liphikelela noma njalo. Kuyafana futhi uma ukuphuma kwegazi kuhambisana nezinye izimpawu ezifana ne-pallor, ubuthakathaka noma i-tachycardia.

Ukopha: kufanele wenzeni uma unegazi?

Uma kwenzeka kuphuma igazi ngamakhala, kungakuhle ukuthi:

• Hlala, lapho kwenzeka khona, endaweni ethule;
• ungatshekiseli ikhanda lakho emuva ukuvimbela igazi ukuba lingagobhozi liye emphinjeni;
• shaya amakhala akho ukuze ususe amahlule egazi kungenzeka ukuthi kwakhiwa emigodini yamakhala;
• ukunciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi ngamakhala ukusebenzisa iduku noma ukotini, isibonelo;
• cindezela iphiko lekhala okungenani imizuzu eyi-10 ukunqanda ukopha.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zinyathelo, imikhiqizo ethile, njengamaphedi we-hemostatic, ingasetshenziswa futhi ukusiza ukumisa ukopha.

Ukopha igazi: ukubonisana nini?

Uma, naphezu kwazo zonke izindlela zokunqanda ukopha, ukukhishwa kuqhubeka, iseluleko sezokwelapha siyadingeka. Ukubonisana nabezimo eziphuthumayo kuyanconywa futhi uma ukopha kukhulu kakhulu, kuyaphinda noma kuhambisana nezinye izimpawu.

Ngemuva kokuphuma kwegazi, kungenziwa izivivinyo eziningana zezokwelapha ukuqonda imvelaphi ye-epistaxis. Ngenhloso yokuqala, a ukuhlolwa ORL kwenziwa ukukhomba imbangela yasendaweni. Ngokuya ngemiphumela etholakele, ukuhlolwa kwempilo okujwayelekile kungadingeka.

Ukwelashwa kwe-glomerulonephritis kuncike kumsuka wayo nakwinkambo yayo.

Njengokwelashwa komugqa wokuqala, ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kuvame ukubekwa ukunciphisa izimpawu futhi kunciphise ubungozi bezinkinga. Ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo uvamise ukunquma:

• antihypertensives ukulawula umfutho wegazi nokunciphisa umfutho wegazi ophakeme, uphawu oluvamile lwe-glomerulonephritis;
• isisu ukukhuphula ukuphuma komchamo nobuningi bokuchama.

Eminye imishanguzo ingahle inikezwe ukwelapha imbangela ye-glomerulonephritis. Ngokuya ngokuxilongwa, uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo, ngokwesibonelo, anganquma:

• ama-antibiotics, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ze-post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, ukumisa ukutheleleka ezinso;
• ama-corticosteroids kanye nama-immunosuppressants, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ze-lupus glomerulonephritis, ukunciphisa ukuphendula komzimba.

Ngaphezu kokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa, ukudla okuthile kungenziwa uma kwenzeka i-glomerulonephritis. Lokhu kudla ngokuvamile kuphele ngamaphrotheni ne-sodium, futhi kuhambisana nokulawulwa kwevolumu yamanzi afakiwe.

Lapho ingozi yokuhluleka kwezinso iphezulu, i-dialysis ingasetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa umsebenzi wokuhlunga izinso. Ngamafomu abucayi kakhulu, ukufakelwa kwezinso kungabhekwa.