Ama-Smart plugs angcono kakhulu ka-2022
Izitolo zikagesi ziba yingxenye yekhaya elihlakaniphile. Sikhuluma ngamasokhethi ahlakaniphile angcono kakhulu ngo-2022 angalawulwa noma nge-smartphone evamile

Kulula uma wonke amadivaysi endlini esebenza njengendlela eyodwa. Ukulawula ukuvuleka nokuvala kwezinto zikagesi kubalulekile ngezinjongo zokuphepha, futhi lokhu kulula ukukwenza ngamapulagi ahlakaniphile angcono kakhulu ka-2022 angasebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Isokhethi ehlakaniphile iyisokhethi ehlakaniphile kagesi ekwazi ukuvula nokucisha ngokuzenzakalelayo noma umyalo ovela ku-smartphone, futhi amanye afakwe ngisho nezinhlelo zokuxwayisa - intuthu, umswakama, izinzwa zokushisa. Intatheli ye-Healthy Food Near Me icabange ndawonye nochwepheshe ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani isokhethi elihlakaniphile.

Ukukhetha kochwepheshe

I-Telemetry T40, 16 A (enesisekelo)

Isokhethi enamandla enomthwalo wamanje ongafika ku-16 A. Idivayisi iyisisetshenziswa sikagesi esinemojula ye-GSM eyakhelwe ngaphakathi futhi ikuvumela ukuthi ulawule ukude okukhipha amandla usebenzisa imiyalo ye-SMS noma ngokucindezela inkinobho ngqo kukesi ledivayisi. Kufika ku-40 "isigqila" se-T4s singaxhunywa kusokhethi ye-T20 ngesikhathi esifanayo - amadivaysi ahlakaniphile omkhiqizo ofanayo, angalawulwa imodeli entsha. Isokhethi ye-GSM ifanele ukulawula izinto zikagesi ezinamandla asetshenziswayo angu-3520 W noma ngaphansi ku-220 V AC. Kukhona futhi inzwa yokushisa - elula futhi esebenzayo.

Izici

Inombolo yezidleke (okuthunyelwe)1 ucezu.
Kukalwe njengamanjeA 16
Isilinganiso samandlaIn 220
Ukwengezainzwa yokushisa, isilawuli sezinga lokushisa, isilawuli-sikhathi, isilawuli seshejuli

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi

I-supercapacitor yakhelwe kusokhethi ye-GSM, amandla ayo anele ukuthumela i-SMS lapho amandla ecishiwe. Isokhethi ingasetshenziswa ukulawula izinto zikagesi.
Abasebenzisi bakhala ngezinkinga zokuxhuma
bonisa okuningi

Ama-smart plugs aphezulu ayi-10 ngo-2022 ngokusho kwe-KP

1. I-FibaroWall Plug FGWPF-102

Idivayisi encane futhi ekhangayo enesethi edingekayo yemisebenzi. Uhlelo lokusebenza leselula likuvumela ukuthi ulawule ukuphuma noma kuphi emhlabeni. Ungavula amadivayisi futhi ulawule ukusebenza kwawo, ngisho noma ukude ngamakhulu amakhilomitha ukusuka ekhaya. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, i-FIBARO ifakwe izinto zikagesi ezisetshenziswa amandla. Lokhu kukusiza ukuthi ubone kalula amadivayisi alambele kakhulu futhi ulawule ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.

Izici

Inombolo yezidleke (okuthunyelwe)1 ucezu.
Ukufakwaevulekile
imvamisa869 MHz
Iphrothokholi YezokuxhumanaI-Z-Wave
Ukwengezaisebenza ngohlelo lwe-“smart home” (i-ecosystems – Google Home, Apple HomeKit, Amazon Alexa, “Smart Home” “Yandex”)

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi

Ukuba khona kwemisebenzi ewusizo nethakazelisayo, njengokuthi, isibonelo, ukulinganisa ukusetshenziswa kukagesi, ukukhanya kwe-backlight, ukuxhumana ne-smartphone. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inomklamo wesitayela kakhulu.
I-backlight ayicimi, kodwa isebenza ngokuqhubekayo. Lokhu akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi.
bonisa okuningi

2. Legrand752194 Valena Life

Isokhethi ikuvumela ukuthi ulawule ukude amalambu nezinye izinto zikagesi zasendlini, ulawule ukusetshenziswa kwamandla futhi uthole izaziso zesimo esiphuthumayo uma uvuliwe noma uvaliwe - isixwayiso sizofika ku-smartphone yakho, umsebenzisi uzokwazi ukuthola ngokushesha ukuthi uyayikhalisa yini i-alamu. Imodeli ifakwe isivikelo sokulayishwa ngokweqile esakhelwe ngaphakathi futhi ilawulwa kusetshenziswa amaswishi ahlakaniphile angenawaya, kanye nokusebenzisa ukude uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Legrand Home+Control noma abasizi bezwi. I-kit nayo iza nesembozo sokuzivikela kanye nohlaka lokuhlobisa, oluzonikeza le nto ukuthembeka okwengeziwe nobuhle.

Izici

Inombolo yezidleke (okuthunyelwe)1 ucezu.
Ukufakwaefihliwe
Kukalwe njengamanjeA 16
Isilinganiso samandlaIn 240
UMax. amandla3680 W
imvamisa2400 MHz
Iphrothokholi YezokuxhumanaI-ZigBee
Ukwengezaisebenza ohlelweni lwe-"smart home" (i-ecosystem - "Yandex")

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi

Idizayini ye-Classic ezongena ngokuphelele kunoma iyiphi ingaphakathi. Isebenza nomsizi wezwi we-Alice ku-Yandex, okulula kakhulu. Izinhlelo zokusetha ziyaguquguquka futhi zingasetshenziswa ngendlela ofisa ngayo.
Ukufakwa okufihliwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kuhlanganisa, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, umsebenzi wokufaka uwukuphazamiseka okungadingekile.
bonisa okuningi

3. GaussSmart Ikhaya 10A

Ngokusho kwabasebenzisi, le modeli iyakwazi ukusebenza isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokwehluleka. Ukusetha idivayisi enjalo kulula kakhulu. Ungakwazi ukuxhuma ezintweni ezihlukahlukene zasekhaya. Isibonelo, ku-aquarium - ukukhanya kuzovula futhi kucime lapho ngokuzenzakalelayo. Isokhethi ingalawulwa ukude. Isebenza ohlelweni lwasekhaya oluhlakaniphile, isekela ama-ecosystem amaningana. Abathengi basabela kahle kule ndawo. Unezilinganiso ezinhle kakhulu ezingosini ze-inthanethi.

Izici

Inombolo yezidleke (okuthunyelwe)1 ucezu.
Uhlobo lokumisaukufakwa nokususwa
Kukalwe njengamanjeA 10
imvamisa869 MHz
amandla Maximum2000 W
Ukwengezaisebenza ohlelweni “lwekhaya elihlakaniphile” (Ikhaya le-Google, i-Amazon Alexa, i-Yandex “Smart Home” ecosystems)

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi

Intengo engabizi futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuba khona kwezici ezikumamodeli abiza kakhulu. Ukusebenza okuhle nokuqina
Abasebenzisi bakhala ngokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwamandla kwamadivayisi axhunyiwe. Amanye amamodeli ancintisanayo akuvumela ukuthi wonge okuningi
bonisa okuningi

4. I-Roximo SCT16A001 (ngokuqapha amandla)

Isokhethi elihlakaniphile elizophinde liqaphe “inhlalakahle” yakho. Igada ukusetshenziswa kukagesi futhi ingelinye lamadivayisi ku-Roximo smart home ecosystem. Idivayisi ingalawulwa kusetshenziswa uhlelo lokusebenza olukhethekile futhi ubuke izibalo zokusetshenziswa kwamandla kusuka noma yikuphi emhlabeni, engeza izimo "ezihlakaniphile" futhi uvule / uvale amashejuli ngesikhathi, ukubala, umjikelezo, futhi kuya ngezibangeli ezifana nesimo sezulu, ukushona kwelanga nokuphuma kwelanga. , indawo yakho, njll. Ukuhlanganiswa nabasizi bezwi abadumile nezipikha ezihlakaniphile kuyatholakala lapha: Umsizi we-Google, u-Alice ovela ku-Yandex, u-Salyut ovela ku-Sber, njll. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ulawule isokhethi elihlakaniphile ngezwi ngaphandle kwamasango engeziwe, into esemqoka. ubukhona bamanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi endlini.

Izici

Uhlobo lwesokhethiIpulaki ye-Euro
Kukalwe njengamanjeA 16
Isilinganiso samandlaIn 220
amandla Maximum3500 W
Iphrothokholi YezokuxhumanaWi-Fi
Ukwengezaisebenza ngohlelo lwasekhaya oluhlakaniphile (i-Google Home ecosystem, Yandex Smart Home, Sber Smart Home, Roximo Smart Home)

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi

Le divayisi kulula ukuyimisa. Imodeli ingeyomhlaba wonke, isebenza kahle ne-ecosystem yezinye izinkampani
Kunezinkinga ngokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi. Abasebenzisi bakhale ngoxhumo olungazinzile
bonisa okuningi

5. I-SonoffS26TPF

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-outlet ukulawula kude kwamadivayisi. Isibonelo, ngosizo lwayo, ungavula i-heater noma ubilise iketela ebusika, futhi uvule isiphephetha-moya kusengaphambili ehlobo.

Ukuze idivayisi isebenze, udinga ukulanda uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula, lapho ungafaka khona izimo ezidingekayo, usethe izikhathi zokubala. Isilinganiso somsebenzisi sale plug ehlakaniphile sihle kakhulu.

Izici

Ukufakwaefihliwe
Kukalwe njengamanjeA 10
Isilinganiso samandlaIn 240
Ukwengezaisebenza ohlelweni “lwekhaya elihlakaniphile” (Ikhaya le-Google, i-Amazon Alexa, i-Yandex “Smart Home” ecosystems)
amandla Maximum2200 W
Iphrothokholi YezokuxhumanaWi-Fi

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi

Azikho izibangeli ezingahleliwe. Isokhethi ithembekile - ama-shutter avikelayo avikela umzimba wedivayisi asiza ukugwema ukulimala
Uhlelo lokusebenza lokuphatha idivayisi akulona oluqondakala kakhulu. Ungadideka
bonisa okuningi

6. Funda i-QBCZ11LM

Isokhethi yodonga lwe-Aqara iyisisetshenziswa esimile esingeke sonakalise ukwakheka okukhona kwefulethi. Isokhethi ye-smart wall ye-Aqara inesitifiketi sekhwalithi yezwe yoMnyango Wezokuxhumana Wenhlangano - CCC, ihlangabezana nezinga elidingekayo lezinto ezingashi ezingamelana namazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-750 degrees. Isokhethi ifakwe i-shutter yokuzivikela ezimele. Ukuvikelwa ekulayisheni ngokweqile nokushisa ngokweqile kusetshenziswe, kungakwazi ukumelana nokuxhumeka kwemishini kagesi enamandla amakhulu afinyelela ku-2500 W. Ngokusho komkhiqizi, lo modeli ungamelana nokuchofoza okuphindaphindiwe kuka-50. I-Aqara smart socket ikuvumela ukuthi uguqule ngokushesha izinto zikagesi ezijwayelekile zasendlini zibe ezihlakaniphile. Idivayisi iyahambisana nemikhiqizo evela ku-Xiaomi, MiJia, Aqara nezinye izinhlobo.

Izici

Inombolo yezidleke (okuthunyelwe)1 ucezu.
Ukufakwaefihliwe
Iphrothokholi YezokuxhumanaI-ZigBee
Ukwengezaisebenza ohlelweni “lwekhaya elihlakaniphile” (idinga ukuthengwa kwesango le-Aquara Hub, i-ecosystem yi-Xiaomi Mi Home)

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi

Idizayini enhle, yenza ngokungaguquki yonke imisebenzi emenyezelwe
Kunzima ukukhweza. Idinga isokhethi eliyisikwele
bonisa okuningi

7. I-Smart socket GosundSP111

Idivayisi ibonisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwamanje kanye nezibalo, ezilungele labo abafuna ukulawula izindleko zabo. Ungakwazi ukulawula kalula lesi sokhethi esihlakaniphile kusuka kufoni yakho.

Ixhuma ku-smartphone ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kwezinkinga, yamukela imiyalo, kuhlanganise ngezwi ngo-Alice. Ezitolo, idivayisi enjalo ibiza kancane kunezinye izimbangi ezinemisebenzi efanayo.

Izici

Uhlobo lwesokhethiIpulaki ye-Euro
Kukalwe njengamanjeA 15
Iphrothokholi YezokuxhumanaWi-Fi
Ukwengezaisebenza ohlelweni lwe-"smart home" (i-ecosystem ye-"Yandex", i-Google Home, i-Amazon Alexa)

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi

Yenza yonke imisebenzi edingekayo yesokhethi ehlakaniphile. Inenani eliphansi
Inkomba ekhanyayo kakhulu, kukhona abasebenzisi abangayithandi
bonisa okuningi

8. I-Xiaomi Smart Power Plug Mi, 10 A (ene-shutter yokuvikela)

Idivayisi iyingxenye yesistimu ye-"smart home" evela ku-Xiaomi, isiza ukwenza noma iyiphi idivayisi yakho ixhunywe nohlelo lwe-MiHome. Umnikazi angakwazi ukulawula amandla okuvula nokuvala ekude, abeke izinto zikagesi kokubekwe eceleni lapho zingadingeki, usethe izibali-sikhathi nokunye okuningi - izimo zingalungiselelwa mathupha ngohlelo lokusebenza. Isokhethi inohlelo olwakhelwe ngaphakathi oluvikela ukugcwala ngokweqile kwenethiwekhi, futhi yenziwe ngezinto ezishisa kakhulu, ezikwazi ukumelana nomlilo ezingamelana namazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-570 degrees. Ixhumeka ohlelweni lwe-Smart Home nge-Wi-Fi.

Izici

Inombolo yezidleke (okuthunyelwe)1 ucezu.
Kukalwe njengamanjeA 10
Isilinganiso samandlaIn 250
Ukwengezaisebenza kuhlelo lwasekhaya oluhlakaniphile (i-Xiaomi ecosystem)
Iphrothokholi YezokuxhumanaWi-Fi

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi

Isokhethi ihlukaniswa ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu kanye nekhwalithi yokwakha, ukulawula okulula kusuka kuhlelo lokusebenza olulodwa lwe-MiHome
Ayikho inguqulo yepulaki yase-Europe yakudala, kufanele ufake i-adaptha yendawo yonke enesixhumi kulena, noma usebenzise isivikelo sokuhlinza esengeziwe.
bonisa okuningi

9. I-HYPERIoT P01

Ungalawula idivayisi ngohlelo lokusebenza lokuphathelene, noma ngo-Alice. Ukusetha lapha kulula - ngisho nosaqalayo angakwazi ukukusingatha. Idivayisi ingena kahle ohlelweni lwe-"smart home".

Phakathi kwama-pluses kukhona nezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu kanye nobukhulu obuhlangene.

Isokhethi ehlakaniphile yalo mkhiqizi inoxhumano olusheshayo ku-ecosystem futhi isebenza ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

Izici

Inombolo yezidleke (okuthunyelwe)1 ucezu.
Ukufakwaevulekile
Kukalwe njengamanjeA 10
Isilinganiso samandlaIn 250
Ukwengezaisebenza kuhlelo lwasekhaya oluhlakaniphile (Yandex ecosystem)

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi

Ivumelanisa no-Alice ngaphandle kwezinkinga, kulula ukumisa. Idizayini ehlangene izohlangana kahle neningi langaphakathi
Awekho imitha yehora nezibalo zokusetshenziswa kukagesi
bonisa okuningi

10. I-SBER Smart Plug

Umkhiqizi walesokhethi ehlakaniphile uthi kuningi angakwenza, ikakhulukazi, ukuvula nokuvala okokusebenza okuxhunyiwe, futhi abike ukuthi zonke izinto ezisebenza ngogesi zivaliwe noma ezinye zidinga ukucishwa. Ngomshini onjalo, ngeke kudingeke ukhathazeke ngokukhohlwa ukuvala okuthile ngaphambi kokuphuma endlini. Ukuze usethe futhi uxhume amadivaysi ahlakaniphile asekhaya, udinga i-app yeselula ye-Sber Salyut noma idivayisi ehlakaniphile ye-Sber enabasizi ababonakalayo be-Salyut (SberBox, SberPortal), kanye ne-Sber ID.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akudingekile ukuba iklayenti le-Sberbank. Umsizi kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Sber Salut uzokusiza ukusetha amadivayisi wakho wasekhaya ahlakaniphile. Amadivayisi e-Sber angalawulwa kokubili ku-smartphone kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Sber Salut, futhi kusetshenziswa amadivaysi ahlakaniphile e-Sber — ngezwi noma ngesixhumi esibonakalayo sokuthinta.

Izici

Inombolo yezidleke (okuthunyelwe)1 ucezu.
Ukufakwaevulekile
Uhlobo lwesokhethiIpulaki ye-Euro
amandla Maximum3680 W
Iphrothokholi YezokuxhumanaWi-Fi
Ukwengezaisebenza ohlelweni lwasekhaya oluhlakaniphile (isango liyadingeka ukuze kuxhunywe, i-ecosystem yi-Sber Smart Home)

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi

Ukuxhumana okulula nokuvumelana namacebo, ukwakheka kwesitayela. I-voltage enamandla nayo iyathakazelisa kubasebenzisi
Ukungakwazi ukusetha ishejuli yezikhathi ezithile. azikho izaziso zomcimbi
bonisa okuningi

Indlela yokukhetha isokhethi elihlakaniphile

Kubukeka sengathi kunzima ukuthenga isitolo, noma sihlakaniphile. Nokho, kunemininingwane eminingi engabonakali. Iphendule imibuzo evela kubafundi be-Healthy Food Near Me umqondisi osebenzayo we-MD Facility Management Boris Mezentsev.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile

Uyini umgomo wokusebenza we-smart plug?
Isokhethi ehlakaniphile iqukethe amabhulokhi amaningana: imojula ephezulu, isilawuli esincane, idivayisi yokuxhumana, kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla. Imojula yesigungu isebenza ngomgomo weswishi: ixhuma abathintwayo bokufaka amandla ekuphumeni kwesokhethi ehlakaniphile. I-microcontroller, yona, lapho isignali yamukelwa kusukela kudivayisi yokuxhumana, ithumela umyalo kumojula yesigungu sokuyivula noma ukuyivala. Kulokhu, idivayisi yokuxhumana ingaba yinoma iyiphi: i-Wi-Fi, i-GSM, i-Bluetooth. Zonke izenzo zingenziwa ukude. Ukuphatha, ezimweni eziningi, udinga uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula ocingweni lwakho oluvela kumkhiqizi. Ungakwazi futhi ukulawula ukusebenza kwe-smart outlet usebenzisa isilekeleli sezwi. Isibonelo, umsizi we-virtual angatshelwa ukuthi avule noma avale idivayisi oyifunayo.
Imiphi imininingwane okufanele uyinake kuqala?
Isokhethi ehlakaniphile iwumkhiqizo wobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe ye-microcontroller liyisihluthulelo. Uma isofthiwe yakhelwe ngamaphutha, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi ngemva kwesikhashana i-firmware ye-microcontroller izohluleka futhi idivayisi izohluleka. Kuzobukeka kukuhle, kepha kuzoba okungalawuleki. Ngakho-ke, njengoba kwenzeka kuma-smartphones, ama-laptops nezinye izinto zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi, udinga ukunaka ukuthembeka komkhiqizi.
Iyiphi indlela yokuxhuma ethembeke kakhulu: i-Wi-Fi noma i-GSM SIM khadi?
I-SIM khadi inokwethenjelwa kakhulu, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukusebenzisa imojula ye-GSM ukuze ulawule amadivaysi abalulekile njengesistimu yokufudumeza, ama-alamu okuphepha kanye nama-alamu omlilo.
Ihlelwa kanjani isilawuli se-smart plug?
I-microcontroller ilayishwe i-firmware enamasethi omyalo anqunyiwe.

Idivayisi yokulawula iqukethe isofthiwe engathumela futhi yamukele imiyalo evela kusilawuli esincane. Isibonelo, umyalo wanikezwa kusukela kudivayisi yokulawula ukuvula isokhethi ngesibani. Umyalo uthunyelwa ku-microcontroller. I-microcontroller ithumela umyalo wokuvula imojuli yesigungu futhi ithumela impendulo kudivayisi yokulawula ukuthi ukuvuleka kwenzeke.

Kungani ngidinga inzwa yezinga lokushisa kupulaki elihlakaniphile?
Inzwa yokushisa esokhethini ehlakaniphile ingaba izinhlobo ezimbili. Kunamamodeli lapho inzwa yezinga lokushisa isetshenziselwa ukulawula izinga lokushisa ekamelweni: ukuze ukwazi ukuqapha ukude izinga lokushisa ekamelweni noma ulawule isimo sezulu. Kodwa lo msebenzi, naphezu kokulula kwawo okusobala, uletha inzuzo encane. Iqiniso liwukuthi izifudumezi nezinye izinto ezingase zibangele umlilo akufanele neze zishiywe zinganakiwe. Ngakho-ke, "ukulawula kude" kungenzeka, mhlawumbe, kusuka kwelinye igumbi.

Kwamanye amamodeli, inzwa yokushisa ifakiwe ukuze ivikele i-outlet ekuzibhubhiseni. Isibonelo, ukucisha ngokuzenzakalelayo idivayisi uma kushisa kakhulu koxhumana nabo noma imojula yesigungu.

Ingabe amasokhethi ahlakaniphile angasetshenziswa namahitha nezinye izinto zikagesi ezidla amandla?
Ukusebenzisa amasokhethi ahlakaniphile anamadivayisi anamandla amakhulu kungenzeka kuncike emithethweni yokusebenza okuphephile kwedivayisi echazwe emiyalweni, ngakho-ke lapho ukhetha isokhethi, kufanele uzijwayeze nezici zobuchwepheshe zesokhethi kanye nempahla yasendlini. Kuyadingeka ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi isokhethi iyakwazi ukudlula kothintana nabo amandla amenyezelwe kupasipoti yedivayisi. Kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela ukuthi ukunqamula isokhethi elihlakaniphile kudivayisi yokulawula akuqinisekisi ukungabikho kwe-voltage emikhiqizweni yayo (kukhona amamodeli lapho amanani amenyezelwe engahambelani nawangempela). Ezimweni ezinjalo, kunezinkinga nge-voltage. Uma uzwa sengathi kukhona okungahambi kahle, kufanele uxhumane nosebenza ngogesi.
Yini okufanele uyibheke lapho ukhetha i-outlet?
Ukukhethwa kwe-outlet kuncike ezintweni eziningi: lapho isetshenziswa khona, yimiphi imisebenzi edingekayo, njll. Ekugcineni, umuntu ngamunye, lapho ekhetha, futhi uqondiswa yi-subjective yobuhle kanye nezintandokazi zokunambitheka. Nokho, kunezici eziyimpoqo kunoma yikuphi. Ngakho-ke udinga ukukhetha kuphela kulezo zitolo ezihlangabezana nemibandela elandelayo eyimpoqo:

– ube nesitifiketi sokuphepha;

- ukuxhumana okuyisisekelo;

- Isilinganiso samanje sesokhethi - hhayi ngaphansi kuka-16 A.

shiya impendulo