Igama elithi arthritis (kusuka kwesiGreki i-arthron : ukucacisa, futhi kusuka kusiLatini ite : ukuvuvukala) iveza izifo ezingaphezu kwekhulu ezahlukene ebonakala ngobuhlungu bamalunga, imigqa, imisipha, amathambo noma ezinye izingxenye zesistimu ye-musculoskeletal. (Isigaba esikhethekile Sokuqaqamba Kwamalunga omzimba sinamaphepha eqiniso amaningi alezi zimo.)

Esikhathini esidlule, sasilisebenzisa igama rheumatism (Latin rheumatism, "ukugeleza kwemizwa") ukuze kubekwe yonke le mibandela. Leli gama manje selibhekwa njengeliphelelwe yisikhathi.

Cishe 1 kwabangu-6 baseCanada oneminyaka engu-12 nangaphezulu unohlobo oluthile lwesifo samathambo, ngokusho kweStatistics Canada². Ngokomunye umthombo (The Arthritis Society), abantu baseCanada abayizigidi ezingu-4.6 bahlushwa isifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga, kuhlanganise nesigidi esisodwa esibangelwa ukuvuvuka kwamathambo. E-France, i-1% yabantu ihlushwa i-osteoarthritis.

esasizizwa. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-arthritis zibonakala ngokuba khona kokuvuvukala, kodwa hhayi zonke. Ukuvuvukala kuwukusabela kwemvelo komzimba ezicutshini ezicasukile noma ezinegciwane. Kuyabangelaukuvuvukala, ubuhlungu futhi ubomvu endaweni ethintekile yomzimba.

Izimbangela

Thesokuqaqamba kwamalunga kungavela ngenxa yokuhlukumezeka, ukutheleleka noma ukuguga kwemvelo okulula, kodwa kungase kube umphumela wesifo sokuzivikela komzimba lapho umzimba uhlasela khona izicubu zawo. Kwesinye isikhathi asikho isizathu esitholakalayo sokuchaza izimpawu.

Amafomu e-arthritis

Amafomu amabili amakhulu:

• TheI-osteoarthritis isifo samathambo esivame kakhulu; kuthiwa kwakhiwa “ngokuguga”. Kuyi-a isifo samathambo esiwohlozayo. Ukucekelwa phansi koqwanga oluvala futhi luvikele amathambo elunga kanye nokuvela kwamathambo amancane kubonisa lesi sifo. Ithinta kakhulu amalunga asekela ingxenye enkulu yesisindo somzimba, njengezinqulu, amadolo, izinyawo nomgogodla. I-osteoarthritis ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nobudala, noma ibangelwa isisindo esiningi noma ukusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe kwelunga ekusebenzeni kwezemidlalo. Akuvamile ukuvela ngaphambi kokuvalelwa.
• La rheumatoid arthritis is a isifo sokuvuvukala. Amalunga ezandla, izihlakala nezinyawo kuvame ukuthinteka kuqala. Ezinye izitho zingathinteka njengoba ukuvuvukala kuthinta wonke umzimba. Lolu hlobo lwesifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga luqala cishe eminyakeni engama-40 kuya kwengama-60 ubudala, kodwa lungaqala lapho umuntu esemdala. I-arthritis ye-rheumatoid ivame izikhathi ezi-2 kuye kwezi-3 abesifazane kunasemadodeni. Nakuba ososayensi bengakayitholi imbangela yayo, kubonakala sengathi imvelaphi ye-autoimmune futhi ithonywa yiifa.

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-arthritis, phakathi kwezivame kakhulu:

• Isifo samathambo esithathelwanayo. Kungenzeka uma ukutheleleka kuthinta ngokuqondile ilunga futhi kubangela ukuvuvukala;
• Isifo samathambo esisebenzayo. Lolu hlobo lwesifo samathambo luvela ngenxa yokutheleleka. Kodwa kulokhu, ukutheleleka akutholakali ngqo ekuhlanganyeleni;
• I-arthritis yezingane. Uhlobo olungavamile lwe-arthritis ye-rheumatoid eyenzeka ezinganeni nasebancane, futhi evame ukuba ngcono ngokukhula;
• Isifo samathambo we-Psoriatic. Uhlobo lwe-arthritis oluhambisana nezilonda zesikhumba ezijwayelekile ze-psoriasis;
• I-Gout kanye ne-pseudogout: ukufakwa kwamakristalu emalungeni, ngendlela ye-uric acid esimweni se-gout noma i-calcium phosphate esimweni se-pseudodout, kubangela ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu, ngokuvamile kuzwane olukhulu kwasekuqaleni.

• I-Lupus. Kuthathwa njengohlobo lwesifo samathambo ngoba singesinye sezifo ezingelapheki ezizimele. Kuyisifo sezicubu ezixhumeneyo esingabangela, esimweni saso esivame kakhulu nesibucayi, ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba, imisipha, amalunga, inhliziyo, amaphaphu, izinso, imithambo yegazi kanye nesimiso sezinzwa.
• Scleroderma. Isifo esingelapheki se-autoimmune esibonakala ngokuba lukhuni kwesikhumba nokulimala kwezicubu ezixhumeneyo. Kungathinta amalunga futhi kubangele izimpawu ezivamile ze-arthritis yohlobo oluvuthayo. I-Systemic scleroderma ingathinta izitho zangaphakathi, njengenhliziyo, amaphaphu, izinso nesimiso sokugaya ukudla.
• I-Ankylosing spondylitis. Ukuvuvukala okungapheli kwamalunga e-vertebrae yangemuva okukhula kancane kancane futhi kubangela ukuqina nobuhlungu emhlane, i-torso nasezinqulwini.
• I-Gougerot-Sjögren syndrome. Isifo esiyingozi sokuzivikela komzimba esihlasela kuqala izindlala kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila lwamehlo nomlomo, okwenza lezi zitho zome ngokuncipha kokukhiqizwa kwezinyembezi namathe. Ngendlela yayo eyinhloko, ithinta kuphela lezi zindlala. Ngendlela yayo yesibili, ingahlotshaniswa nezinye izifo ezizimele, njenge-rheumatoid arthritis kanye ne-lupus.
• I-Polymyosite. Isifo esingavamile esibangela ukuvuvukala emisipheni, bese ilahlekelwa amandla ayo.

Ezinye izifo zixhunyaniswa nezinhlobo ezahlukene zesokuqaqamba kwamalunga futhi ngezinye izikhathi bakha ngokuhlanganyela nabo, njenge-plantar fasciitis, i-fibromyalgia, isifo se-Lyme, isifo se-Paget's bone, isifo sika-Raynaud, nesifo se-carpal tunnel syndrome.

Izifo eziningi ze-arthritis ziyi okungapheliyo. Abanye bazoholela ku ukuwohloka yezakhiwo ezihlangene. Ngempela, i ukuqina kunciphisa ukuhamba kwe-joint kanye ne-atrophy yemisipha ezungezile, okusheshisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uqwanga luyawohloka, ithambo liyawohloka, futhi ilunga lingakhubazeka.