I-Ahimsa isho ukuthi "ukungabi nodlame". Sekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka lo mqondo ugqugquzela amasiko amaningi aseMpumalanga kubandakanya nenkolo yamaHindu. Namuhla emphakathini wethu wasentshonalanga, ukungabi nodlame kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sendlela yokuthambekela kwe-yoga.

Umqondo onokuthula

Igama elithi "Ahimsa" ngokwezwi nezwi lisho "ukungabi nodlame" ngesiSanskrit. Lolu limi lwe-Indo-European lwalukhulunywa ezwenikazi laseNdiya. Ihlala isetshenziswa emibhalweni yenkolo yamaHindu neyamaBuddha njengolimi lwenkolo. Ngokuqondile, i- "himsa" ihumusha ku- "isenzo sokwenza umonakalo" futhi u- "a" uyisiqalo sangasese. I-Ahimsa ngumqondo onokuthula okhuthaza ukungalimazi abanye noma umuntu ophilayo.

Umqondo wenkolo nowasempumalanga

I-Ahimsa ngumqondo okhuthaze imisinga eminingi yezenkolo yaseMpumalanga. Lokhu okokuqala kunakho konke ubuHindu obungenye yezinkolo ezindala kakhulu zonkulunkulu abaningi emhlabeni (imibhalo eyasungulwa yabhalwa phakathi kuka-1500 no-600 BC). Izwekazi laseNdiya lisalokhu liyisikhungo sabantu futhi liseyinkolo yesithathu eqhutshwa kakhulu emhlabeni. KubuHindu, ukungabi nodlame kwenziwe samuntu nguNkulunkulukazi u-Ahimsa, unkosikazi kaNkulunkulu uDharma nomama kaNkulunkulu uVishnu. Ukungabi nodlame kungumyalo wokuqala kwemiyalo emihlanu okumele ihanjiswe yi-yogi (umHindu ozincisha izinto ngokwe-yoga). Ama-upanishad amaningi (imibhalo yenkolo yamaHindu) akhuluma ngokungabi nodlame. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Ahimsa iphinde ichazwe embhalweni osungula isiko lamaHindu: iMithetho kaManu, kepha futhi nasezindabeni zamaHindu ezinganekwane (njengeziqephu zeMahabharata neRâmâyana).

I-Ahimsa nayo ingumqondo ophakathi neJainism. Le nkolo yazalelwa eNdiya cishe ngekhulu le-XNUMXth BC. UJ. -Cet wahlukana nobuHindu ngokuthi abuboni noma yimuphi unkulunkulu ngaphandle kokwazi komuntu.

U-Ahimsa uphinde akhuthaze ubuBuddha. Le nkolo yobu-agnostic (engasuselwa ebukhoneni bonkulunkulu) yaqala eNdiya ngekhulu le-XNUMXth BC. AD Yasungulwa nguSiddhartha Gautama owaziwa ngo "Buddha", umholi kwezomoya womphakathi wezindela ezihamba zizozala ubuBuddha. Le nkolo kuze kube manje inkolo yesine eqhutshwa kakhulu emhlabeni. I-Ahimsa ayiveli emibhalweni yasendulo yamaBuddha, kepha ukungabi nodlame kushiwo njalo lapho.

I-Ahimsa nayo isenhliziyweni ye Sikhism (Inkolo yamaNdiya ekhuluma ngoNkulunkulu oyedwa evela kowe-15^st Ikhulu leminyaka): kuchazwa nguKabir, imbongi ehlakaniphile yaseNdiya esahlonishwa kuze kube namuhla ngamanye amaHindu namaSulumane. Ekugcineni, ukungabi nodlame kungumqondo we ukukhathazeka (i-esoteric and mystical current of Islam).

Ungalimazi

Kwabasebenza ubuHindu (futhi ikakhulukazi i-yogis), ukungabi nodlame kuqukethe ukungalimazi umuntu ophilayo ngokokuziphatha noma ngokomzimba. Lokhu kusho ukugwema udlame ngezenzo, ngamazwi kepha nangemicabango emibi.

Londoloza ukuzithiba

KumaJain, ukungabi nodlame kufinyelela emcabangweni we ukuzithiba : the ukuzithiba ivumela umuntu ukuthi aqede i- “karma” yakhe (echazwa njengothuli olungcolisa umphefumulo womuntu okholwayo) nokufinyelela ekuvukeni kwakhe ngokomoya (okubizwa nge- “moksha”). I-Ahimsa ifaka ukugwenywa kwezinhlobo ezi-4 zodlame: udlame lwengozi noma olungahlosiwe, udlame oluvikelayo (olungathethelelwa), udlame ekwenzeni umsebenzi womuntu noma umsebenzi wakhe, ubudlova obenziwa ngamabomu (nokubi kakhulu).

Ungabulali

AmaBuddha achaza ukungabi nodlame njengokungabulali umuntu ophilayo. Bayakugxeka ukukhipha isisu nokuzibulala. Kodwa-ke, eminye imibhalo ibekezelela impi njengesenzo sokuzivikela. UbuBuddha bamaMahayana buqhubeka nokulahla yona kanye le nhloso yokubulala.

Ngomqondo ofanayo, ubuJainism futhi buyakumema ukuthi ugweme ukusebenzisa amalambu noma amakhandlela ukukhanyisa engcupheni yokuheha nokushisa izinambuzane. Ngokwale nkolo, usuku lwekholwa kumele lubekelwe izikhathi zokushona nokuphuma kwelanga kuphela.

Lwa ngokuthula

ENtshonalanga, ukungabi nodlame kungumqondo osabalale kusukela ezimpini zamasosha (ezingasebenzisi ukufuna ubudlova) ekulweni nokucwaswa ngabantu bezombusazwe abanjengoMahatma Ghandi (1869-1948) noma uMartin Luther King (1929-1968). I-Ahimsa isasakazeka emhlabeni wonke namuhla ngomkhuba weyoga noma indlela yokuphila ye-vegan (ukudla okungenalo udlame).

Ukudla kwe-Yogi

Enkolweni yamaHindu, i- veganism akuyona isibopho kepha ihlala ingenakuhlukaniswa nokubukwa okuhle kwe-Ahimsa. UClémentine Erpicum, uthisha futhi oyithandayo i-yoga, uyachaza encwadini yakhe Ukudla kwe-Yogi, yini edla i-yogi: ” Ukudla i-yoga kusho ukudla ngomqondo wokungabi nodlame: ukuthanda ukudla okunomthelela omuhle kwezempilo kepha okugcina imvelo nezinye izidalwa eziphilayo ngangokunokwenzeka. Yingakho abaningi be-yogists - nami ngokwami ​​- bekhetha i-veganism, ”kuchaza yena.

Kodwa-ke, ukufanele ukuphawula kwakhe ngokuchaza ukuthi wonke umuntu kumele enze ngokuvumelana nezinkolelo zakhe ezijulile: “i-yoga ayiphoqi lutho. Kuyifilosofi yansuku zonke, equkethe ukuvumelanisa izindinganiso zayo nezenzo zayo. Kukuwo wonke umuntu ukuthi azibophezele, azibheke (ngabe lokhu kudla kungisiza kahle, esikhathini esifushane nesikhathi eside?), Ukubheka imvelo yabo (ingabe lokhu kudla kuyayilimaza impilo yeplanethi, yezinye izidalwa eziphilayo?)… ”.

Ukutshala imifino nokuzila ukudla, imikhuba yokungabi nodlame

Ngokusho kobuJainism, u-Ahimsa ukhuthaza i-veganism: kusho ungadli imikhiqizo yezilwane. Kepha ukungabi nodlame kukhuthaza nokugwema ukusetshenziswa kwezimpande ezingabulala isitshalo. Ekugcineni, amanye amaJain enza ukufa okunokuthula (okungukuthi ngokumisa ukudla noma ngokuzila ukudla) uma kwenzeka esekhulile noma isifo esingalapheki.

Ezinye izinkolo nazo zikhuthaza ukudla okungenalo udlame ngokusebenzisa i-veganism noma i-vegetarianism. UbuBuddha buyakubekezelela ukusetshenziswa kwezilwane ezingabulawanga ngamabomu. Abasebenza eSikh baphikisana nokusetshenziswa kwenyama namaqanda.

I-Ahimsa ingenye yezinsika ezinhlanu zenhlalo (noma i-Yamas) lapho kubekwa khona umkhuba we-yoga futhi ngokunembile nge-raja yoga (ebizwa nangokuthi i-yoga ashtanga). Ngaphandle kokungabi nodlame, le migomo yile:

• iqiniso (satya) noma ukuthembeka;
• iqiniso lokuthi akantshontshi (asteya);
• ukuziyeka noma ukuhlala kude nanoma yini engangiphazamisa (brahmacarya);
• ukungabi nempahla noma ukungabi marhamaru;
• futhi ungathathi engingakudingi (aparigraha).

I-Ahimsa nayo ingumqondo okhuthaza iHalta Yoga okuyisiyalo esiqukethe ukulandelana kokuma okuntekenteke (i-Asanas) okumele kugcinwe, kufaka phakathi ukulawula ukuphefumula (iPranayama) kanye nesimo sokucabanga (okutholakala ekuzindleni).