Ukuphazamiseka kwezihlobo ezindala kungase kumane nje kube uphawu lokuguga, noma kungase kubonise izimpawu zokuqala zesifo. Ungabona kanjani ukuthi isimo sibucayi? Ilandiswa udokotela wezinzwa u-Andrew Budson.
Sinabazali, ogogo nomkhulu, abaningi bethu, ngisho abahlala edolobheni elilodwa, sibonana ikakhulukazi ngamaholidi. Ngemva kokuhlangana ngemva kokuhlukana isikhathi eside, ngezinye izikhathi siyamangala lapho sibona ukuthi isikhathi esingenakuphikwa singakanani. Futhi kanye nezinye izimpawu zokuguga kwezihlobo, singabona ukungabibikho kwazo.
Ingabe isenzakalo esihlobene neminyaka nje noma uphawu lwesifo i-Alzheimer's? Noma mhlawumbe enye inkinga yenkumbulo? Ngezinye izikhathi sibuka ngokukhathazeka ukukhohlwa kwabo futhi sicabange: ingabe isikhathi ukubona udokotela?
Uprofesa wesayensi yezinzwa e-Boston University kanye nomfundisi e-Harvard Medical School u-Andrew Budson uchaza izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ebuchosheni ngendlela efinyelelekayo neqondakalayo. Walungiselela «ishidi lokukopela» kulabo abakhathazekile ngezinguquko zenkumbulo ezihlotsheni ezikhulile.
Ukuguga kobuchopho okuvamile
Inkumbulo, njengoba uDkt. Budson echaza, ifana nesistimu yokubhalisa. Umabhalane uletha ukwaziswa okuvela kwamanye amazwe, akugcine ekhabetheni lokufaka amafayela, abese ekulanda lapho kudingeka. Ama-lobe ethu angaphambili asebenza njengomabhalane, futhi i-hippocampus isebenza njengekhabhinethi yokufaka amafayela.
Ebudaleni, ama-lobe angaphambili awasasebenzi njengasebusheni. Nakuba kungekho noyedwa kososayensi ophikisa leli qiniso, kunemibono ehlukene yokuthi yini ebangela lokhu. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokunqwabelana kwemivimbo emincane odabeni olumhlophe nezindlela eziya noma ezisuka kumalobe angaphambili. Noma iqiniso liwukuthi ngokukhula kukhona ukubhujiswa kwama-neurons ku-cortex yangaphambili ngokwayo. Noma mhlawumbe wushintsho lwemvelo lwefiziyoloji.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungani, lapho lobes yangaphambili ikhula, lo "umabhalane" wenza umsebenzi omncane kunalapho esemncane.
Yiziphi izinguquko ezijwayelekile ekugugeni okuvamile?
- Ukuze ukhumbule ulwazi, umuntu udinga ukuluphinda.
- Kungase kuthathe isikhathi eside ukumunca ulwazi.
- Ungase udinge iseluleko ukuze ubuyise ulwazi.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ekugugeni okuvamile, uma ulwazi selutholiwe futhi selufaniswa, lungabuyiswa - ukuthi nje kungase kuthathe isikhathi nokwaziswa.
Ama-alamu
Esifweni se-Alzheimer kanye nokunye ukuphazamiseka, i-hippocampus, ikhabethe lamafayela, lonakele futhi ekugcineni lizobhujiswa. “Zicabange uvula ishalofu elinemibhalo futhi uthole imbobo enkulu ngaphansi kwalo,” kuchaza uDkt. Budson. “Manje cabanga ngomsebenzi kamabhalane omangalisayo, osebenza kahle okhipha ukwaziswa kwamanye amazwe futhi alifake kuleli bhokisi … ukuze linyamalale kulo mgodi unomphela.
Kulokhu, ulwazi alukwazi ukukhishwa ngisho noma luphindwe phakathi nocwaningo, ngisho noma bekukhona ukwaziswa nesikhathi esanele sokukhumbula. Uma kuvela lesi simo, sikubiza ngokukhohlwa ngokushesha.”
Ukukhohlwa ngokushesha kuhlale kungavamile, uyaphawula. Lokhu kuwuphawu lokuthi kukhona okungalungile ngenkumbulo. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi lokhu akukhona ngempela ukubonakaliswa kwesifo i-Alzheimer's. Izimbangela zingaba ziningi, kuhlanganise nezilula nje njengomphumela ongaseceleni womuthi, ukuntuleka kwamavithamini, noma isifo segilo. Kodwa kunoma yikuphi, kuwufanele ukunakwa kwethu.
Ukukhohlwa ngokushesha kuhambisana nenani lokubonakaliswa. Ngakho, isiguli
- Uphinda imibuzo nezindaba zakhe.
- Khohlwa ngemihlangano ebalulekile.
- Ishiya izinto ezingaba yingozi noma ezibalulekile zingagadiwe.
- Ulahlekelwa izinto kaningi.
Kunezinye izimpawu okufanele uziqaphele njengoba zingase zibonise inkinga:
- Kube nobunzima ekuhleleni nasekuhleleni.
- Kwavela ubunzima ngokukhethwa kwamagama alula.
- Umuntu angaduka ngisho nasemigwaqeni ajwayelekile.
Izimo ezithile
Ukuze acacise, uDkt. Budson unikeza ukucabangela ezinye izibonelo zezimo izihlobo zethu ezindala ezingase zizithole zikuzo.
Umama wahamba wayolanda igilosa, kodwa wakhohlwa ukuthi kungani ephumile. Akathenganga lutho wabuya engasakhumbulanga ukuthi uye ngani. Lokhu kungase kube ukubonakaliswa okuvamile okuhlobene neminyaka - uma umama ephazamisekile, ehlangana nomngane, wakhuluma futhi wakhohlwa ukuthi yini ngempela okudingeka ayithenge. Kodwa uma engakhumbuli ukuthi kungani ahambe nhlobo, futhi abuye engathenganga, lokhu kakade kuyimbangela yokukhathazeka.
Umkhulu kudingeka aphinde iziqondiso kathathu ukuze azikhumbule. Ukuphindwaphindwa kolwazi kuyasiza ekukukhumbuleni noma ngabe yikuphi ubudala. Nokho, uma usufundile, ukukhohlwa ngokushesha kuwuphawu oluyisixwayiso.
Umalume akakhumbuli igama lesitolo size simkhumbuze. Ubunzima bokukhumbula amagama nezindawo zabantu kungase kube yinto evamile futhi buvame kakhulu njengoba sikhula. Nokho, ngemva kokuzwa igama kithi, umuntu kufanele alazi.
Ugogo ubuza umbuzo ofanayo izikhathi eziningana ngehora. Lokhu kuphindaphinda ucingo lokuvuka. Ngaphambili, umamncane wayekwazi ukulandelela izinto zakhe, kodwa manje njalo ekuseni imizuzu engu-20 ufuna into eyodwa noma enye. Ukwanda kwalesi simo kungase kube uphawu lokukhohlwa ngokushesha futhi kudinga ukunakwa kwethu.
Ubaba akasakwazi ukuqedela imisebenzi elula yokulungisa ikhaya njengakuqala. Ngenxa yezinkinga zokucabanga nenkumbulo, akasakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke abeyenza ngokuthula kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe njengomuntu omdala. Lokhu kungase futhi kubonise inkinga.
Kwesinye isikhathi kuba yikhefu phakathi kwemihlangano nezihlobo esiza ukubheka okwenzekayo ngokubukeka okusha nokuhlola amandla. Ukwenza ukuxilongwa kuwumsebenzi wodokotela, kodwa abantu abasondelene nabanothando bayakwazi ukunaka omunye nomunye futhi baqaphele lapho umuntu osekhulile edinga usizo futhi sekuyisikhathi sokuphendukela kuchwepheshe.
Mayelana nombhali: U-Andrew Budson unguSolwazi Wesayensi Yezinzwa e-Boston University kanye nomfundisi e-Harvard Medical School.