Amakhosi angu-10 enkathi ephakathi

Noma ngabe ubani uthini, umlando usenziwa abantu abakhulu. Futhi isikhathi eside sokuba khona kwesintu (nakho konke ukufuduka kwabantu, izimpi zezindawo namandla, izingxabano zezombangazwe, ukuvukela umbuso, njll.), umbuso ngamunye wamanje uyazi abantu abaningi abavelele.

Yebo, esikhathini sethu, abantu “abenza umhlaba ube indawo engcono” bahlonishwa kakhulu: ososayensi abahlukahlukene abanekhono “lokuthula,” izazi zemvelo, abashisekeli bamalungelo abantu, abashisekeli bamalungelo ezilwane, abaphikisi, abezombangazwe abenza ukuthula, njll.

Kodwa lapho abantu abahlonishwa kakhulu sebebhekwa njengamaqhawe amakhulu - amakhosi, abaholi, amakhosi, ababusi - abakwazi ukuvikela abantu babo kuphela, kodwa nokuthola izindawo ezintsha kanye nezinzuzo ezihlukahlukene zezinto ezibonakalayo kubo empini.

Amagama amakhosi adume kakhulu eNkathi Ephakathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi aphenduka "agcwele" izinganekwane kangangokuthi namuhla izazi-mlando kufanele zenze imizamo emikhulu yokuhlukanisa umuntu oyinganekwane kumuntu owayekhona ngokoqobo.

Nazi ezimbalwa zalaba balingisi abayizinganekwane:

10 Ragnar Lodbrok | ? - 865

Yebo, abalandeli abathandekayo bochungechunge lwamaVikings: URagnar ungumuntu wangempela. Akukhona lokho kuphela, uyiqhawe lesizwe laseScandinavia (kukhona ngisho neholide elisemthethweni lapha - uSuku lukaRagnar Lothbrok, olugujwa ngoMashi 28) kanye nophawu lwangempela lwesibindi nesibindi samadlozi amaViking.

Phakathi kwamakhosi ethu "ayishumi" uRagnar Lothbrok "oyinganekwane" kakhulu. Maye, amaqiniso amaningi mayelana nokuphila kwakhe, imikhankaso kanye nokugasela ngesibindi aziwa kuphela kusukela ku-sagas: emva kwakho konke, u-Ragnar wayephila ngekhulu lesi-9, ngaleso sikhathi izakhamuzi zaseScandinavia zazingakabhali izenzo zezimbiza namakhosi abo.

I-Ragnar Leatherpants (ngakho-ke, ngokusho kwenguqulo eyodwa, isiteketiso sakhe sihunyushwa) wayeyindodana yenkosi yaseDenmark uSigurd Ring. Waba i-jarl enethonya ngo-845, futhi waqala ukwenza ukuhlasela kwakhe emazweni angomakhelwane ngaphambili kakhulu (kusukela cishe ku-835 kuya ku-865).

Wayicekela phansi iParis (cishe ngo-845), futhi wafela emgodini wezinyoka (ngo-865), owathunjwa iNkosi u-Ella II ngenkathi ezama ukuthatha iNorthumbria. Futhi yebo, indodana yakhe, uBjorn Ironside, waba inkosi yaseSweden.

9. Matthias I Hunyadi (Mattyash Korvin) | 1443 - 1490

Kunenkumbulo ende ka-Matthias I Corvinus kubuciko besintu baseHungary, njengenkosi enobulungisa kakhulu, “iqhawe lokugcina” laseYurophu yasendulo, njll.

Wasithola kanjani isimo sengqondo esifudumele kangaka kuye ngokwakhe? Yebo, okokuqala, ngenxa yokuthi kwakungaphansi kwakhe ukuthi uMbuso ozimele waseHungary wasinda ekukhuphukeni kwawo kokugcina (futhi okunamandla kakhulu) ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka esiphithiphithi kanye "nokuxabana" kwamakhosi asekhaya anamandla.

UMatthias Hunyadi akagcinanga nje ngokubuyisela umbuso ophakathi eHungary (ukuvumela abantu abangakazalwa, kodwa abahlakaniphile nabanekhono ukuphatha izinhlaka zokuphatha), waqinisekisa ukuphepha kwawo okuhlobene namaTurkey ase-Ottoman, wadala ibutho lezempi elithuthukisiwe (lapho wonke ama-4th infantryman ayehlome ngezikhali). arquebus) , wathatha ezinye izindawo ezingomakhelwane ezimpahleni zakhe, njll.

Inkosi ekhanyiselwe ngokuzithandela yasekela abantu besayensi nezobuciko, futhi umtapo wayo odumile wawumkhulu kunayo yonke eYurophu ngemva kweVatican. Awu yebo! Ijazi layo lezikhali lalibonisa igwababa (i-corvinus noma i-korvin).

8. URobert Bruce | 1274 - 1329

Ngisho nalabo bethu abakude kakhulu nomlando we-Great Britain cishe baye bezwa igama likaRobert the Bruce - iqhawe lesizwe laseScotland kanye nenkosi yalo kusukela ngo-1306. Into yokuqala efika engqondweni ifilimu kaMel Gibson ethi "Braveheart" (i-Braveheart). 1995) naye endimeni kaWilliam Wallace - umholi wamaScots empini yenkululeko e-England.

Njengoba kungase kuqondwe kalula ngisho nakule filimu (lapho, eqinisweni, iqiniso lomlando lalingahlonishwa kakhulu), uRobert the Bruce wayengumlingiswa ongaqondakali. Kodwa-ke, njengabanye abantu abaningi bomlando bangaleso sikhathi ... Wakhaphela bobabili amaNgisi izikhathi eziningana (noma efunga ukwethembeka enkosini elandelayo yamaNgisi, wabe esephinde wajoyina ukuvukela kwakhe), kanye namaScots (kahle, cabanga nje, lokho okuncane okumelwe ukuthathe. futhi abulale imbangi yakhe yezombangazwe uJohn Comyn khona kanye esontweni, kodwa ngemva kwalokho uBruce waba umholi wenhlangano emelene namaNgisi, kwase kuba inkosi yaseScotland).

Futhi nokho, ngemva kokunqoba eMpini yaseBannockburn, eyathola inkululeko yaseScotland isikhathi eside, uRobert the Bruce, ngaphandle kokungabaza, waba yiqhawe layo.

7. Bohemond of Tarentum | 1054 - 1111

Izikhathi zezimpi zenkolo zisazwakala ezinganekwaneni zaseYurophu ngamagama amaqhawe empi yenkolo angamaqhawe. Futhi omunye wabo uNorman Bohemond waseTaranto, inkosana yokuqala yase-Antiyokiya, umkhuzi ongcono kakhulu we-First Crusade.

Eqinisweni, uBohemond wayengabuswa nhlobo ukholo lobuKristu oluzinikele kanye nokukhathazeka ngamakholwa akanye nawo ayeneshwa ayecindezelwe amaSaracens - wayemane engumuntu othanda ukuvelela wangempela, futhi futhi efisa ukuvelela.

Wayekhangwa kakhulu amandla, udumo kanye nenzuzo. Impahla encane e-Italy ayizange inelise ngokuphelele izifiso zeqhawe elinesibindi kanye nosomaqhinga onekhono, ngakho-ke wanquma ukunqoba insimu eMpumalanga ukuze amise izwe lakhe.

Ngakho-ke uBohemond waseTarentum, esejoyine impi yenkolo, wanqoba i-Antiyokiya kumaSulumane, wasungula i-Principality yase-Antiyokiya lapha futhi waba umbusi wayo (waxabana kakhulu nalokhu nomunye umkhuzi we-crusader, uRaymond waseToulouse, naye owathi i-Antiyokiya). Maye, ekugcineni, uBohemond akakwazanga ukugcina ukutholwa kwakhe ...

6. I-Saladin (Salah ad-Din) | 1138 - 1193

Elinye iqhawe leziMpi Zenkolo (kodwa kakade lisengxenyeni yabaphikisi baseSaracen) - iSultan yaseGibhithe neSiriya, umkhuzi omkhulu webutho lamaSulumane elalimelene namaMpi Yenkolo - wazuza inhlonipho enkulu ngisho nasezitheni zakhe ezingamaKristu ngenxa yomqondo wakhe obukhali, isibindi. nokuphana esitheni.

Eqinisweni, igama lakhe eliphelele lizwakala kanje: Al-Malik an-Nasir Salah ad-Duniya wa-d-Din Abul-Muzaffar Yusuf ibn Ayyub. Yiqiniso, akekho umLungu owayengakwazi ukulibiza. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesiko laseYurophu, isitha esikhazinyulisiwe sivame ukubizwa ngokuthi iSaladin noma i-Salah ad-Din.

Phakathi neMpi Yenkolo Yesithathu, kwakunguSaladin owanikeza "usizi" olukhulu ikakhulukazi kuma-knights angamaKristu, ehlula ngokuphelele ibutho lawo ngo-1187 e-Battle of Hattin (futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ethumba cishe bonke abaholi bama-crusaders - kusukela ku-Grand Master. we-Templars uGerard de Ridefort eya eNkosini yaseJerusalema uGuy de Lusignan), wabe esephinda ethumba kuwo iningi lezindawo lapho ama-crusaders akwazi ukuzinza khona: cishe yonke iPalestine, i-Acre kanye neJerusalema. Ngendlela, uRichard the Lionheart wayemthanda uSaladin futhi embheka njengomngane wakhe.

5. UHarald I Onezinwele Ezinhle | 850 - 933

Omunye osenyakatho odumile (futhi sikhumbula "amaVikings" - phela, indodana, hhayi umfowabo kaHalfdan the Black) idume ngokuthi yayingaphansi kwakhe ukuthi iNorway yaba iNorway.

Ngemva kokuba yinkosi eneminyaka eyi-10, uHarald, eneminyaka engu-22, wahlanganisa iningi lempahla ehlukene yezimbiza ezinkulu nezincane kanye nama-hevdings ngaphansi kokubusa kwakhe (uchungechunge lokunqoba kwakhe lwafinyelela umvuthwandaba empini enkulu yaseHafrsfjord ngo-872), base bethula izintela ezihlala njalo ezweni futhi babamba izimbiza ezinqotshiwe ababalekela izwe, bazinza eShetland nase-Orkney Islands futhi basuka lapho bahlasela amazwe aseHarald.

Ukuba yindoda eneminyaka engu-80 ubudala (ngaleso sikhathi lokhu kuyirekhodi elingakaze libonwe ngaphambili!) U-Harald wadlulisela amandla endodaneni yakhe ethandekayo u-Eirik the Bloody Ax - inzalo yakhe ekhazimulayo yabusa izwe kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-XIV.

Ngendlela, isidlaliso esithakazelisayo esinjalo - Izinwele Ezinhle zivelaphi? Ngokusho kwenganekwane, ebusheni bakhe, uHarald wancenga intombazane okuthiwa uGyuda. Kodwa wathi wayezomshada kuphela lapho eseba inkosi yalo lonke elaseNorway. Kulungile-ke - makube njalo!

UHarald waba yinkosi phezu kwamakhosi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo akazange agunde izinwele zakhe futhi akazange akame izinwele zakhe iminyaka engu-9 (futhi waqanjwa ngokuthi Harald the Shaggy). Kodwa ngemva kweMpi YaseHafrsfjord, ekugcineni walungisa izinwele zakhe (bathi wayenezinwele eziwugqinsi ezinhle ngempela), waba Nezinwele Ezinhle.

4. UWilliam I Umnqobi | KULUNGILE. 1027/1028 - 1087

Futhi futhi sibuyela ochungechungeni lwamaViking: ingabe uyazi ukuthi uGuillaume Bastard - iNkosi yesikhathi esizayo yaseNgilandi uWilliam I uMnqobi - wayeyinzalo yoMbusi wokuqala waseNormandy Rollo (noma uRollon)?

Cha, empeleni, uRollo (noma kunalokho, umholi wangempela wamaVikings Hrolf the Pedestrian - waqanjwa kanjalo ngoba wayemkhulu futhi esindayo, ngenxa yalokho kungekho nelilodwa ihhashi elalingamthwala) wayengeyena umfowabo kaRagnar Lothbrok e. konke .

Kepha ngempela wathumba iningi laseNormandy ekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX futhi waba umbusi walo (futhi empeleni washada noPrincess Gisela, indodakazi kaCharles III the Simple).

Ake sibuyele kuWilhelm: wayeyindodana engekho emthethweni yoMbusi waseNormandy uRobert I, kodwa nokho, lapho eneminyaka engu-8 ubudala, wazuza isihloko sikayise, wabe esekwazi ukuhlala esihlalweni sobukhosi.

Umfana kusukela esemncane wayenezifiso ezinkulu kakhulu - eNormandy wayeminyene kancane. Futhi-ke uWilliam wanquma ukuthola isihlalo sobukhosi saseNgilandi, ikakhulukazi njengoba inkinga yamakhosi yayiqala eNgilandi: u-Edward uMvumelwano wayengenayo indlalifa, futhi njengoba unina waye (ngenhlanhla enkulu!) Uyisekazi kaWilliam, wayengafuna kalula isihlalo sobukhosi samaNgisi. Maye, izindlela zokusebenzelana zehlulekile ukufeza inhloso…

Kwadingeka ngisebenzise amandla ezempi. Ezinye izenzakalo zaziwa yibo bonke: inkosi entsha yaseNgilandi, uHarold, yehlulwe kabuhlungu emabuthweni kaWilliam eMpini YaseHastings ngo-1066, kwathi ngo-1072, iScotland nayo yathumela kuWilliam uMnqobi.

3. UFrederick I Barbarossa | 1122 - 1190

UFrederick I waseHohenstaufen, oteketiswa ngokuthi uBarbarossa (Intshebe Ebomvu), ungomunye wamakhosi adume kakhulu eNkathini Ephakathi. Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe isikhathi eside, wazuza udumo lombusi ohlakaniphile, onobulungisa (futhi onobuhle kakhulu) kanye neqhawe elikhulu.

Wayenamandla kakhulu ngokomzimba, ebambelele ngokuqinile ezincwadini zama-knightly - ngemva kokuba u-Barbarossa eba umbusi woMbuso Ongcwele WaseRoma ngo-1155, ama-chivalry aseJalimane athola ukuqhakaza okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili (futhi kwakungaphansi kwakhe ukuthi ibutho elinamandla eYurophu ladalwa lihlome kakhulu. abagibeli bamahhashi).

U-Barbarossa wafuna ukuvuselela inkazimulo yangaphambili yombuso wezikhathi zikaCharlemagne, futhi ngenxa yalokhu kwadingeka aye empini izikhathi ezi-5 ngokumelene ne-Italy ukuze abambe emadolobheni akhe ayesephenduke kakhulu. Eqinisweni, wachitha ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwakhe emikhankasweni.

Lapho eneminyaka engu-25, uFrederick wahlanganyela eMpini Yenkolo Yesibili. Futhi lapho uSaladin enqoba zonke izinto ezitholakalayo eziyinhloko zama-crusaders eMpumalanga Ephakathi, uFriedrich Hohenstaufen, yiqiniso, wabutha omkhulu (ngokwemithombo - izinkulungwane eziyi-100!) Ibutho futhi wahamba naye eMpini Yenkolo Yesithathu.

Futhi akwaziwa ukuthi izigigaba bezizojika kanjani ukube, ngesikhathi ewela uMfula iSelif eTurkey, akazange awe ehhashini lakhe waklinywa, engakwazi ukuphuma emanzini egqoke izikhali ezinzima. UBarbarossa ngaleso sikhathi wayeseneminyaka engu-68 ubudala (iminyaka ehloniphekile kakhulu!).

2. Richard I the Lionheart | 1157 - 1199

Ngempela, akuyona nje inkosi yangempela njengenganekwane! Sonke siyamazi u-Richard the Lionheart ezincwadini nakumamuvi (eqala ngenoveli kaWalter Scott ethi “Ivanhoe” futhi agcine ngefilimu ka-2010 ethi “Robin Hood” noRussell Crowe).

Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, uRichard wayengelona neze “iqhawe elingenalo ukwesaba nesihlamba.” Yebo, wayenenkazimulo yeqhawe elihle kakhulu, elivame ukungena ezingozini eziyingozi, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo wayehlukaniswa ngokukhohlisa nonya; wayemuhle (emude eblond namehlo aluhlaza), kodwa eziphethe kabi emnkantsheni wamathambo akhe; wayazi izilimi eziningi, kodwa hhayi isiNgisi sakhe somdabu, ngoba wayengakaze aye eNgilandi.

Wakhaphela abangani bakhe (ngisho noyise uqobo) izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, wathola esinye isiteketiso - uRichard Yebo-No-Cha - ngoba wayeguquguquka kalula nhlangothi zombili.

Phakathi naso sonke isikhathi sokubusa kwakhe eNgilandi, wayekuleli zwe isikhathi esingekho ngaphezu konyaka. Ngemva kokuqoqa isikhwama ukuze ahlomise ibutho kanye nebutho lasolwandle, wahamba ngokoqobo ngokushesha waya empini yenkolo (ezihlukanisa lapho ngonya oluthile kumaSulumane), futhi endleleni ebuyayo wabanjwa isitha sakhe uLeopold wase-Austria futhi wachitha iminyaka eminingana eDürstein. inqaba. Ukuze ahlenge inkosi, izikhonzi zayo kwakudingeka ziqoqe amamaki esiliva ayi-150.

Wachitha iminyaka yakhe yokugcina ezimpini neNkosi uPhilippe II yaseFrance, ebulawa ushevu wegazi ngemva kokulinyazwa umcibisholo.

1. UCharles I Omkhulu | 747/748-814

Inkosi edume kakhulu kwabayishumi nguCarolus Magnus, Carloman, Charlemagne, njll. - ithandwa futhi ihlonishwa cishe kuwo wonke amazwe aseNtshonalanga Yurophu.

Wayesebizwa ngokuthi mkhulu ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe - futhi lokhu akumangazi: inkosi yamaFrank kusukela ku-768, inkosi yamaLombards kusukela ku-774, umbusi waseBavaria kusukela ku-788 futhi, ekugcineni, umbusi waseNtshonalanga kusukela ku-800, indodana endala kaPepin the Short ngokokuqala ngqa yahlanganisa iYurophu ngaphansi kombuso owodwa futhi yakha umbuso omkhulu ophakathi nendawo, inkazimulo nobukhosi obaduma kuwo wonke umhlaba owawuphucuzekile ngaleso sikhathi.

Igama likaCharlemagne lishiwo ezinganekwaneni zaseYurophu (isibonelo, "eNgomeni kaRoland"). Ngendlela, waba omunye wamakhosi okuqala owanikeza abantu besayensi nezobuciko ukusekelwa kwabantu futhi wavula izikole hhayi kuphela izingane zezikhulu.