Amaqiniso ayi-10 athakazelisayo ngo-Alexander Radishchev kanye nemibono yakhe yezinguquko

U-Alexander Radishchev uyimbongi edumile, umbhali we-prose waseRussia, futhi isazi sefilosofi. Ngo-1790, waziwa emhlabeni wonke ngemva kwencwadi eshicilelwe ebizwa ngokuthi “.Uhambo olusuka eSt. Petersburg luya eMoscow». Imibhalo yakhe eminingi ihlanganisa izinkondlo kanye nomthetho. Kodwa ezinye zazivinjelwe eRussia. Kodwa, nokho, lokhu akuzange kuvimbele umbhali ekushicileleni imisebenzi yakhe ngendlela ebhalwe ngesandla.

Umnikelo omkhulu obalulekile ekubhaleni i-biography kaRadishchev wenziwa amadodana akhe. Yibo abakwazile ukwakha indaba ephelele echaza impilo kayise.

Sikulethela amaqiniso angu-10 athakazelisayo mayelana ne-Radishchev: i-biography emfushane yomlobi nezindaba ezimangalisayo zendoda enemibono yenguquko.

10 Uyise wayezinikele, ezazi kahle izilimi

Umfana wachitha cishe bonke ubuntwana bakhe endaweni kayise esifundazweni Kaluga. Ekuqaleni, uSasha wayefundelwa ekhaya.

Uyise ka-Alexander wayeyindoda eqotho, ezazi izilimi eziningi kahle. Ngaleso sikhathi, wonke umuntu wayefundiswa ngokweNcwadi Yamahora kanye namaHubo, okungukuthi, ngokwezincwadi zokukhulekela. Lapho umfana eneminyaka eyisithupha ubudala, uthisha ongumFulentshi waqala ukumvakashela. Kodwa ubaba akakhethanga uthisha onekhono. Ngemva kwalokho, kwatholakala ukuthi le ndoda yayiyisosha elibalekile.

Lapho ekugcineni inyuvesi ivuliwe eMoscow, uyise wanquma ukuthatha u-Alexander lapho ukuze aqhubeke nemfundo. Umalume kanina womfana wayehlala edolobheni. Nguye owavuma ukukhoselisa uSasha ngalesi sikhathi.

Lapha kwabelwa owayengumeluleki, owabalekela ukushushiswa uhulumeni wakhe. Waqala ukumfundisa isiFulentshi.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umfowabo kamama umalume u-Alexander Radishchev kwaba indodana edumile Count Matveev. Indlu yabo yayihlale ihanjelwa oprofesa nothisha bezikhungo zokuzivocavoca. Bafundisa izingane. Kungacatshangwa ukuthi u-Alexander, njengoba ayephethe lapha, futhi wathola imfundo kulaba bantu.

9. Inikezwe ikhasi

Ngo-1762, uCatherine II wagcotshwa. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalo mcimbi U-Alexander wathunyelwa e-Corps of Pages eSt. Lesi sikhungo salungiselela abantu okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bakhonze i-Empress ezindaweni zomphakathi, emabholeni, ezinkundleni zemidlalo yeshashalazi.

8. Ufunde eNyuvesi yaseLeipzig

Ngemva kokuqeqeshwa e-Corps of Pages, u-Alexander, kanye nezinye izicukuthwane, wathunyelwa eNyuvesi yaseLeipzig.. Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho ehlala khona, wamvumela ukuba afunde izinto eziningi ezintsha, futhi ngaleyo ndlela andise ama-horizons akhe. Fedor Ushakov, owabhala "ukuphila", waba nethonya elikhulu.

Wayeyindoda evuthiwe, enokuhlangenwe nakho. Abaningi baliqaphela ngokushesha igunya lakhe. Kubafundi abaningi, wasebenza njengesibonelo. Wasiza ozakwabo ukuba bafunde izikhanyisi zaseFrance nemibono yabo.

Kodwa impilo yakhe yayilimele kakhulu. Wayedla kabi, evame ukuhlala isikhathi eside nezincwadi. Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, u-Ushakov wavalelisa kubangane bakhe. U-Alexandru wanikeza amaphepha akhe, lapho imicabango yakhe emikhulu yayibhalwe khona.

Ngemva kokuphothula iziqu, uSasha wabuyela eSt. Kodwa akazange ahlale isikhathi eside lapho.

Ngemva kwalokho, wanquma ukuya endlunkulu General-in-Chief (isikhundla lezempi) Bruce. Lapha wakwazi ukuzibonakalisa njengesisebenzi esinesibindi nesikhuthele. Ngo-1775 wathatha umhlalaphansi. Ngemva kwalokho, isikhathi eside wasebenza esitokisini eSt. Petersburg, lapho akwazi khona ukukhuphukela esikhundleni sokuba induna.

7. Uhlelo lokuqala lwe-Journey lucishe luhoxiswe ngokuphelele ekuthengisweni.

Ababaningi abantu abazi ukuthi uhlelo lokuqala lomsebenzi "Uhambo" luhoxisiwe ekuthengisweni, njengoba kwamcasula kakhulu u-empress ngokwakhe..

Ngemva kokuthathwa, yacekelwa phansi. Kodwa kuyaziwa ukuthi ikhophi eyafundwa uMbusi uCatherine II isindile. Ungabona futhi imibono ye-Empress ebhalwe yonke indawo kuyo.

6. Ngomthetho kaCatherine, waboshelwa "Uhambo"

Kuze kube yilapho uRadishchev ekhulula umsebenzi othi "Uhambo", konke kwakumhambela kahle kakhulu. Ungene kule nkonzo ebibhekele ezohwebo nezimboni.

Wabhala le ncwadi ngesikhathi somzabalazo waseMelika wenkululeko, nalapho i-French Revolution yayidlangile. Konke lokhu kwashiya uphawu lwakho emsebenzini wakhe. U-Radishchev uchaze ukuthengiswa kwabalimi ngezikweletu zabanikazi bomhlaba.

Le ncwadi yayiqukethe imidwebo yokuqala yokuphila kanye namasiko abameleli bezigaba ezihluke ngokuphelele. Kodwa wagxila kubalimi abavamile kanye nesimo ababekuso.

Umbhali akakhonjwanga emakhophini. Kodwa uCatherine II wakwazi ukumqaphela. Ngemva kwesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, URadishchev waboshwa. Wathunyelwa eNqabeni kaPetru noPawulu. Uphenyo lwaqhubeka isikhathi esingangenyanga, nokwaholela ekutheni umbhali agwetshwe intambo.

Radishchev ngaleso sikhathi wabhala incwadi yefa, futhi waqala umsebenzi wobuciko entsha. Kodwa isinqumo asizange senziwe, njengoba iSweden yenza isivumelwano sokuthula noMbusi. Nguye owaqeda isigwebo sentambo.

5. UPaul I wabuyisela umlobi evela eSiberia

Kodwa uCatherine akakwazanga ukushiya konke. Wahawukela umbhali, kodwa ngenxa yalokhu wamthumela eSiberia. Lapha kwakudingeka aphile cishe iminyaka eyishumi, hhayi ngaphansi.

Kodwa ngo-1796, uPawulu Wokuqala wakwazi ukubuyisela u-Alexander Radishchev ezweni lakubo..

4. U-Pushkin wayegxeka umsebenzi wakhe

Umbono kaPushkin uhambisane nokubuyekezwa kukaCatherine II wencwadi kaRadishchev. Wayengagxeki kuphela umsebenzi wakhe othi "Uhambo", kodwa nombhali ngokwakhe..

Ngokuvamile, u-Alexander Sergeevich wabiza Radishchev ".ummeleli weqiniso wokukhanya okuncane“. Wayekholelwa ukuthi imicabango yombhali ithathwe kubo bonke ababhali ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Kodwa, nokho, wathola elinye lamakhophi. Intengo yencwadi yayingenani ama-ruble angamakhulu amabili, futhi ngaleso sikhathi yayiyimali eningi.

3. Unkosikazi wesibili kwakungudadewabo wenkosikazi yokuqala

Unkosikazi wokuqala ka-Alexander Radishchev kwaba Anna Vasilievna Rubanovskaya. Le ntombazane yathweswa iziqu Smolny Institute. Ngikwazile ukunikeza umyeni wami amadodana angu-3 nendodakazi eyodwa. Umshado wathatha iminyaka engaba ngu-8. Kodwa ngesikhathi sokuzalwa okulandelayo, owesifazane wafa.

Umshado wesibili ka-Alexander kwenzeka nodadewabo umkakhe ongasekho - Elizaveta Vasilievna Rubanovskaya. Njengoba yena ngokwakhe ebhala, ngokufika kwalona wesifazane endlini yakhe, wayebonakala evusiwe, wayefuna ukuphila, waqala ukuzwa injabulo nenjabulo futhi.

2. Umbuzo Wokusebenzisa Ngengozi Noma Ngamabomu Ubuthi

Cishe wonke umuntu oye wafunda biography yombhali uyazi ukuthi wafa kanjani. Umbhali ubulawe wushevu. Kodwa akekho owaziyo ukuthi kwenzeka ngengozi noma ngamabomu..

Kwakukhona amahemuhemu okuthi uRadishchev ngokwakhe waphuza ubuthi. Izingane zakhe zaluchaza kabanzi lolu suku. Ngo-September 11, wayesekhaya. Wathatha i-sedative, wabe esethatha ingilazi ye-vodka "yasebukhosini". Wayengekho ngenhlanhla, ekuqaleni indodana endala yayivame ukuhlanza i-tinsel ngayo.

Ngemva kokuba uRadishchev ewuphuzile, akakwazanga ukuphunyuka ebuhlungwini obamgwaza njengemimese ebukhali. Umpristi walethwa ku-Alexandra, umbhali wayovuma izono, wabe esefa.

Kodwa, nokho, wangcwatshwa othangweni lwesonto. Futhi labo abazibulalayo abanalo ilungelo lokungcwatshwa ngokomthetho wama-Orthodox. Inguqulo esemthethweni yokufa kwakhe ikhonjiswe emibhalweni njengesifo - ukusetshenziswa.

1. Indawo angcwatshwe kuyo umbhali ayaziwa.

Endaweni yamathuna aseVolkovsky eSt. Petersburg kukhona isikhumbuzo sombhali ophawulekayo wemisebenzi eminingi - u-Alexander Radishchev.

Itshe lethuna liyisikhumbuzo nje salo muntu omkhulu. Kodwa akekho owaziyo ukuthi empeleni ungcwatshwe kuphi.