Ama-Negatoscopes angesinye sezinsimbi ezibalulekile zokucabanga ngezokwelapha ezingatholakala kumathiyetha asebenzayo, emakamelweni okuphuthumayo noma emahhovisi ezokwelapha. Ukufundwa kwezithombe ze-x-ray ngabadokotela be-radiologists, ochwepheshe noma abasebenza ngokujwayelekile kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekutholeni ukuxilongwa nokuphatha isifo esiqokonyisiwe.

Ama-negatoscopes amatafula akhanyayo akhanyisayo enza kube lula ukufunda ama-X-ray ngokukhanya. Ukukhanyisa okungafani kufana nokukhanya kwemvelo. Ukunemba kokufunda kwesithombe se-X-ray nokunemba kokuxilongwa okuwumphumela kuncike ngqo kwikhwalithi yalokhu kukhanyisa.

Ukubunjwa

Ama-negatoscopes ajwayelekile ayizinhlobo zamabhokisi, elinye lamacala amade awo ingilazi ekhanyayo ekhanyayo. Leli fasitelana livumela ukukhanya ukuthi kusatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo ebusweni bayo bonke.

Ama-negatoscopes atholakala ngosayizi abahlukene anezinombolo zokufunda ezi-1 kuye kwezingu-4, ezingashintshelwa ndawonye noma ngokwehlukana. Usayizi wazo ulungele ama-x-ray amaningi wabantu abadala noma izingane. Amandla anikezwa kusuka kuma-mains ngenkinobho yokuvula / yokuvala. Kwezinye izinhlobo, amandla okukhanya angalungiswa nge-dimmer evumela amandla elambu elidlulisiwe ukuthi liguqulwe. Ukushisa kombala kwamashubhu we-fluorescent kuphakathi kuka-6100 no-7220 Kelvins. Ama-negatoscopes ayatholakala ngemodeli eqondile yokulenga odongeni noma kumodeli ovundlile ukubeka etafuleni ledeski.

Ukuthatha i-x-ray yisinyathelo esivame kakhulu ukuthathwa ukusungula noma ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Lezi izivivinyo ezisheshayo nezilula ukuzenza. Isiguli senziwa ngogongolo lwama-X-ray. Ama-electron, adlula emzimbeni, ancishiswa kakhulu noma kancane ngokusho kobuningi bezicubu noma izitho eziwele.

Kufundwa ama-x-ray

• Izicubu eziwugqinsi kakhulu, njengamathambo, ziyayinciphisa kakhulu imishayo ye-X-ray edlula kuzo: zibonakala zimhlophe ngombala esithombeni;
• Izicubu zomzimba eziphakathi nendawo, njengemisipha, zinciphisa ama-X-ray ngokulinganisela: avele abe mpunga kwi-X-ray;
• Izicubu eziphansi, ezinjengamanzi noma umoya, azinciphisi ugongolo lwe-x-ray: zibonakala zimnyama ngombala esithombeni.

Isithombe sezicubu zangaphakathi eziqoqwe kwifilimu ye-x-ray-ke singaqhathaniswa ngengqondo nomfanekiso "ojwayelekile". Noma yiliphi ibala elikhona ngokungajwayelekile lingahle lifane ne-pathology.

Ukuhunyushwa kwama-radiographs

Ekuhlinzeni kwamathambo, ama-X-ray enza kube lula ukugqamisa izilonda ezahlukahlukene zohlelo lwe-musculoskeletal:

• ukuphuka kwamathambo;
• ukulimala kwe-cartilage yamajoyini;
• ukuphuka kwethenda;
• njll

Ama-X-ray nawo angaxilonga:

• ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo;
• inyumoniya;
• isimila;
• i-emphysema yamaphaphu;
• ukuvinjelwa kwamathumbu;
• ukuvuvukala okuhlukahlukene;
• njll

Izigaba zokusebenza

Udokotela ubeka isithombe se-X-ray afuna ukusifunda epuletini lesibukeli se-X-ray bese evula ipuleti elihambisanayo. Endabeni yama-negatoscopes amile, izithombe "zisikiwe" emgodini ongaphezulu kwengilazi. Ukufundwa kwenziwa ngokusobala ngenxa yokukhanyisa ngamashubhu we-fluorescent asabalalisa ukukhanya okufana nokukhanya kwemvelo.

Ukuyisebenzisa nini?

Ama-X-ray asetshenziselwa ukufunda izithombe ze-X-ray eminyangweni eminingi yesibhedlela nasemahhovisi odokotela.

Ukugcinwa kwesibukeli se-x-ray

Ukugcina isibukeli se-X-ray sisebenza kahle futhi siqinisekise ukufundwa okuhle kakhulu kwe-X-ray, kufanele kuhlolwe imingcele ethile njalo:

• inhlanzeko yengilazi;
• ukukhanya, okumele kuhlale kufana nobuso bonke bepaneli;
• izinga lokushisa kwamashubhu, okumele lihlolwe njalo ukuze kutholakale noma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle kokukhanyisa.

Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-negatoscope

• Umbukeli we-X-ray ojwayelekile: lena imodeli ejwayelekile etholakala ezibhedlela noma emahhovisi odokotela. Iyenziwa isebenze ngokushintsha okukodwa noma okuningi okunika amandla amabanga okufunda ukuthi akhanyiswe. Lezi zigaba zingakhanyiswa ngokwehlukana noma ngasikhathi sinye. Amanye amamodeli anedimmer;
• Imodeli ethe xaxa ethe xaxa inikeza imodi yokukhanyisa ehambelana kakhulu ngaphandle komphumela we-stroboscopic (ukukhanya kwembani). Inebanga eli-1 kuye kwele-4 futhi ine-dimmer;
• Isibonisi esizenzekelayo se-X-ray: ukukhanyisa kwenziwa ngokuzenzakalela lapho kufakwa isithombe. Izibani zikhanya ngamunye ngamunye;
• Umbukeli wamazinyo we-x-ray avumela odokotela bamazinyo nabadokotela bamazinyo ukuthi bafunde kahle kakhulu ama-x-ray wamazinyo: i-panoramic x-rays, i-retro-alveolar x-ray, ukuhlolwa kwama-long cone;
• Isibukeli se-X-ray "sesizukulwane esisha" siqinisekisa ukukhanya okuqinile futhi okufana ngokuphelele. Izinto zayo zinamandla amakhulu futhi impilo yayo ende cishe ayinamkhawulo. Izinto zalo zobuchwepheshe zihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile kakhulu. Konke lokhu kukwenza ibhokisi lokukhanya elizinzile kakhulu. Kwezinye izinhlobo, ukukhanya kokukhanya kungalungiswa nge-dimmer. Amamodeli anezikhombisi ezihlanganisiwe anebhokisi lokulawula le-ergonomic nelinengqondo. Ukufakwa kungaba okuvundlile, okuqondile, nokuma kwensimbi.

Indlela yokukhetha umbukeli ofanele

• Inani lamathrekhi: lisuka ku-1 liye kumathrekhi ama-4 kaningi, kepha kukhona amamodeli akhuphukela kumathrekhi ayi-12 nangaphezulu;
• ikhwalithi yokukhanya;
• umyalo wokuqala;
• ukuhambisana namazinga okuphepha;
• Ukumaka kwe-CE.

Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwesibukeli se-X-ray

Sisebenzisa ama-negatoscopes kweminye imikhakha ngaphandle kwezokwelapha:

• ezithombeni ukufunda okungekuhle noma amaslayidi;
• ekuphrinteni kokufaka amafilimu we-offset noma ukuphrinta kwesikrini;
• kubuciko bokuqhafaza ukulandelela isithombe noma ukwenza imontage.