Ezinhlotsheni ezimbalwa zekhofi, i-Arabica iyona eyaziswa kakhulu - isiphuzo esinephunga elimnandi esinokunambitheka okujiyile okucebile namanothi amnandi amuncu. I-Arabica itshalwa emazweni amaningi omhlaba, kodwa ikhofi yaseBrazil, iJavanese nelaseNdiya ibhekwa njengezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu. Umkhiqizi ngamunye unezimfihlo zakhe kanye nezici zakhe zokudala lesi siphuzo, kodwa ngokujwayelekile, inqubo yokwenza ikhofi iyafana.
Ikhofi yisiphuzo esinephunga elimnandi esenziwe ngobhontshisi othosiwe wesitshalo, noma kunalokho, isihlahla sohlobo lwekhofi. Lolu hlobo luhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo eziningana, ngayinye ekhiqiza imbewu enokwakheka okuhlukile, ukunambitheka nezinye izimfanelo, okusho ukuthi izinhlobo zekhofi nazo zihlukile. Ikhofi elingcono kakhulu lithathwa njengesiphuzo esenziwe ngobhontshisi we-Arabica - isihlahla esibizwa nge-Arabica coffee, ikhofi i-Robusta nayo iyathandwa.
Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwalo okuphezulu kwe-caffeine, ikhofi libhekwa njengesiphuzo esiyingozi, kodwa uma ungaphuzi inkomishi engaphezu kweyodwa ngosuku, umonakalo ngeke ubonakale. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiphuzo esingokwemvelo esilungiselelwe ngokuvumelana nayo yonke imithetho futhi esingenazo izithasiselo zokwenziwa sizuzisa ngamanani amancane: kuwukuvimbela okuhle ngokumelene nesifo sikashukela, i-sclerosis kanye ne-cirrhosis. Ikhofi eluhlaza kucatshangwa ukuthi ishisa ama-calories, angakusiza ulahlekelwe isisindo.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zekhofi
Iningi lemakethe yekhofi emhlabeni liwela ezinhlotsheni eziyinhloko: i-arabica ne-robusta. Isihlahla se-Arabica sithambile futhi siyathandeka, sikhula ezintabeni kuphela endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-900 ngaphezu kolwandle, kodwa esimweni sezulu esishisayo. Ukukhula kwe-Arabica kudinga inhlabathi evundile emanziswe kahle kanye nokunakekelwa okufanele, kodwa ngisho nangayo yonke imithetho, lolu hlobo lwekhofi lushintshashintsha kakhulu futhi lungaba nezinkinga zempilo. Noma kunjalo, i-Arabica iwuhlobo lwekhofi olusakazeke kakhulu futhi oludayiswayo, olufinyelela kumaphesenti angama-70 okukhiqizwa kwalesi siphuzo emhlabeni. Isizathu yikhwalithi ephezulu yezinhlamvu zalesi sihlahla, lapho kutholakala khona ikhofi eliphunga elimnandi nelimnandi. Ihlukaniswa ngokunambitheka kwayo okumnandi nokumuncu, igwebu le-nutty eliminyene, ubumnene nokuqukethwe kwe-caffeine ephansi.
I-Robusta ikhiqiza ngaphansi kancane kwamaphesenti angu-30 okukhiqizwa kwekhofi, lolu hlobo alunangqondo kangako, lumelana kahle nezinambuzane, futhi lukhula luze lube ngamamitha angu-600 ngaphezu kolwandle, nasezindaweni ezishisayo. Ngokuphathelene nephunga, i-robusta ayicwengisiswe kancane, kodwa kukhona i-caffeine eyengeziwe esiphuzweni esinjalo, ngakho-ke ikhofi ye-robusta ivuselela kahle, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yesivuno sayo esiphezulu, lolu hlobo lushibhile.
Kukhona ezinye izinhlobo zekhofi, isibonelo, i-Liberica, kodwa ubhontshisi wayo usezingeni eliphansi futhi awusetshenziselwa ukwenza iziphuzo. Iningi lamaphakethe ekhofi adayiswayo aqukethe ingxube ye-Arabica ne-Robusta - uma ehlangene, anika isiphuzo iphunga elimnandi namandla anele.
Kodwa ukunambitheka kwekhofi akunqunywa kuphela uhlobo, kodwa futhi ngezinhlobonhlobo, kanye nezinye izimo: ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, imvula, inani lezinsuku ezinelanga, izinga lokushisa lapho isitshalo sakhula khona. Ngenxa yalokho, kuye kwavela izinhlobo eziningi ezikhiqizwa emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele: lawa amaBrazilian, Vietnamese, Hawaiian, Venezuelan, Indian coffee. Ezingcono kakhulu ngokwesiko zithathwa njengeziphuzo ezivela eBrazil, okuyiyona ehamba phambili emhlabeni mayelana nokukhiqizwa kwekhofi, kanye nekhofi yaseKenya, Javanese neNdiya.
Kepha empeleni, uhlobo oluhle kakhulu lwekhofi luwumqondo wokuziphendulela: othile uthanda ukunambitheka kukashokoledi ocebile namacebo anezithelo zekhofi laseGuatemalan, othile ukhetha ubumuncu bezinhlobo zaseVenezuela.
Akuzona nje izimo ezikhulayo kanye nokubukeka okuhle nezinhlobonhlobo zekhofi okwenza isiphuzo esimnandi. Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukuvuna kahle, ukomisa, ukugazinga nokulungisa okusanhlamvu ukuze kudayiswe. Amazwe amaningi kanye nezimboni zokukhiqiza ikhofi zinezimfihlo zazo, kodwa ngokuvamile inqubo yokwenza ubhontshisi yaziwa kakhulu.
Okokuqala nje, kutshalwa isihlahla sekhofi emasimini, okuyisihlahla esikhulu. Ukwenza kube lula ukuqoqa okusanhlamvu, kunqunywa kumitha eyodwa nengxenye. Ngesikhathi sokuvuna, izinga likabhontshisi alinakwa - bazokhetha izithelo ezifanele ikhofi kamuva. Khona-ke isithelo sekhofi sihlukaniswa ne-pulp ukuze kusele ubhontshisi owodwa kuphela. Abanye abakhiqizi basebenzisa indlela "emanzi" kulokhu, ukugeza ikhofi, abanye benza inqubo "eyomile" elula, lapho amajikijolo omisiwe elangeni inyanga yonke, bese igobolondo elomile likhishwa emishini ekhethekile. Indlela “emanzi” ivumela ikhofi ukuba lihlanzwe ngokushesha ngemva kokuvuna, ngemva kwalokho liphinde lomiswe elangeni.
Lenziwa kanjani ikhofi elisheshayo
Ngemuva kokukhipha konke okungadingekile ezinhlamvu, udinga ukuhlunga ngokucophelela, uhlole futhi ukhethe okungcono kakhulu. Lesi yisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu nesibaluleke kakhulu sokunambitheka kwekhofi, okumele kwenziwe ngesandla kuphela. Nakuba buningi ubuchwepheshe besimanje obutholakalayo namuhla, i-bulkhead kuphela engasetshenziswa ukuze kuzuzwe ikhofi yekhwalithi ephezulu. Abasebenzi abaqaphile nabanolwazi basusa okusanhlamvu okubi - okukhuntile, okumnyama, okumuncu nokunye.
Ubhontshisi obusezingeni eliphansi ukhonjwa ngokunambitha, ukubukeka, iphunga, ngakho-ke, ukunambitheka kanye nekhwalithi yekhofi kuncike ekusebenzeni kanye nesipiliyoni sabasebenzi.
Ubhontshisi wekhofi oluhlaza uthuthwa usuka emasimini uyiswe ezimbonini lapho uthosiwe khona. Izinkampani ezahlukene zinezimfihlo ezihlukene zokuthosa, njengoba izinga lokushisa nezinye izimo zithinta ukunambitheka kwesiphuzo. Ukuthosa okulula kunikeza ukunambitheka okuthambile nokuthambile, kuyilapho ukugazinga okuqinile kwenza ikhofi libemuncu futhi libe muncu. Ibanga elimnyama kakhulu libizwa ngokuthi isiNtaliyane futhi lisetshenziselwa ukwenza i-espresso.
Ngokulandelayo, ubhontshisi uyapakishwa futhi uthunyelwe ukuze udayiswe, noma ukukhiqizwa kuqhubeke ngokwenza ikhofi eligayiwe. Kodwa ochwepheshe beziphuzo zekhofi batusa ukuthenga ubhontshisi wekhofi kuphela futhi uzigaye ngokwakho - ikhofi elinjalo lisezingeni eliphezulu nephunga elimnandi, futhi ikhofi yomhlabathi ilahlekelwa ngokushesha iphunga layo kanye nengxenye yokunambitheka kwayo. Ikhofi esheshayo eyimbudumbudu ayibonwa abathandi beqiniso balesi siphuzo. Ama-flavour nezinye izinto azifakwa ekhofini elisezingeni eliphezulu.