I-retina, ulwelwesi olubalulekile embonweni wethu, ezimweni ezingavamile lungahlukaniswa. Le yinkinga enkulu, okufanele itholwe kusenesikhathi ukunciphisa imiphumela.

Iqamele ngemuva esweni lethu, i-retina ulwelwesi olugcwele izicubu zemizwa futhi luxhunywe emthanjeni we-optic. Kukuyo lapho kutholwa khona ama-photon emisebe yokukhanya, ngaphambi kokudluliselwa ebuchosheni. Noma kunjalo, lolu ulwelwesi aluqinile kangako. Ithembele kwabanye ababili ukwakha iso eliphelele. Ngakho-ke kwenzeka ukuthi i-retina iyasuka, ngokwengxenye noma ngokuphelele, okungaholela ku ubumpumputhe inani.

Inhlamvu yeso lomuntu yakhiwa izingqimba ezintathu ezilandelanayo zezingqimba, ezibizwa ngokuthi izingubo. Owokuqala, i- ingubo enemicu yiyona esingayibona: imhlophe, imboza iso phezulu ku-cornea ngaphambili. Owesibili, otholakala ngezansi nje, yi- ingubo ye-uveal (noma uvée). Yakhiwe ngaphambili kwento, futhi ngemuva kwesendlalelo esibizwa nge-choroid. Ekugcineni, sinamathisele ingubo ye-uveal, sithola okudumile ingubo ethukile, i-retina.

I-retina uqobo lwayo lwehlukana lube izingqimba ezahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, lapho sikhuluma ngethimba le-retina, lingaphezu kwakho konke lokho kwe- i-retina ye-neural uma kuqhathaniswai-epithelium yombala, udonga lwawo lwangaphandle. Ukuxhumana kwabo kubuthakathaka impela, futhi ukushaqeka noma izilonda kungaholela ekwakhiweni kokuvuleka, lapho kungangena uketshezi olufana ne-vitreous, futhi lusheshise inqubo yamasosha.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal kuthinta umuntu oyedwa kwabayishumi ngokwesilinganiso, kepha kungaba nezimbangela ezahlukahlukene ezihlobene nephrofayili yesiguli.

I-Myopia

Abantu ababone eduze baneso elijule kakhulu kune-avareji, yingakho indawo abagxile kuyo “iphambi” kweretina. Lokhu okwedlule kuvela ukuthi kuzacile kunesilinganiso, ngakho-ke kunengozi enkulu yokuxebuka noma ukudwengula usuku olulodwa. Ngakho-ke abantu be-Myopic banesifiso sokubona udokotela wezifo zamehlo njalo ukuze babone ngokushesha izimpawu zokuqala.

I-Genetic

Njengokubona eduze, ngezinye izikhathi izakhi zofuzo zisebenza ngokumelene nathi futhi zidale ukukhubazeka kwamehlo. I-Retina intekenteke, izacile kakhulu, noma ayimisiwe kahle, kuyenzeka ukuthi imbangela ibe yisakhi zofuzo ezimweni ezingavamile. Kuzobe sekudingeka ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ngabe ukusebenza kuzosebenza noma cha.

I-glaucoma kanye ne-cataract

Abantu abane i-glaucoma noma ngibe ne- ukusebenza kwe-cataract kungenzeka futhi ukuthi babe ne-retina detachment yabo. Sola iso elivele libuthakathaka,

Abasubathi: ubuciko bokulwa kanye nesibhakela

Iso lethu aliqinile kangako, futhi ukungabikho kobuhlungu lapho kubuthinta kaningi kusivimbela ekukuboneni. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal kuvame kakhulu kubadlali abavame ukushaya ebusweni. Ngokuphathwa kabi ngale ndlela, iso lihamba emzileni walo, liyazishaya, bese lonke libuthaka, kuhlanganise ne-retina.

Kuzoba lula kakhulu ukuphatha i-retinal detachment uma kutholakala nje kuphela, uma kuqhathaniswa naleyo ethuthuke kakhulu. Amacala abucayi kakhulu azodinga ukuhlinzwa okunzima kakhulu. Ngakho-ke nalu uhlu lwezimpawu zokuxwayisa. Abanye akusibona ngempela uphawu lweqembu, abanye yebo. Kuzo zonke izimo, kungcono ukufuna iseluleko kudokotela wezifo zamehlo ngokushesha uma okungenani kukhona ezimbili zalezi zimpawu:

• Izimpukane ezintantayo

Kuyisibonakaliso esivame kakhulu seqembu, lapho ukubona kugcwele "izimpukane ezindizayo", okungukuthi amachashazi amnyama amancane, akhona njalo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusona isibonakaliso sokuthi i-retina iyaxebuka, futhi akufanele ididaniswe nezindikimba ezindizayo ngaphakathi kwe-vitreous, ufuzo lwesikhashana.

• Ama-Eclairs

Uma umbani owodwa noma ngaphezulu uvela emkhakheni wakho wokubuka (ngaphandle kwesikhathi sesiphepho!), Kungenzeka ukuthi i-retina ivele ngokuzumayo endaweni eyodwa noma eziningi. Ngokunqanyulwa ngokuzumayo ohlelweni lwezinzwa, umfutho owutholwa ubuchopho ufana nqwa nombani.

• Amabala amnyama, umbono osithekile

Uma i-retina icwecwa, khona-ke ezinye izindawo zensimu yakho yombono zizoba mnyama. Uma lezi zindawo ziseceleni kwe-retina, khona-ke kungaba nzima kakhulu ukuyibona ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke kuhle ukuhlola ngesikhathi uphumule, uma unezinye izimpawu (izimpukane noma umbani), ukubona ukuthi awuyibonanga yini indawo emnyama. Esimweni esibi kakhulu, uma i-retina ibambeke endaweni yayo ebucayi kakhulu, i- macula, ngumbono wakho ophakathi onyamalalayo. Kulokhu, kufanele uthintane ngokushesha nekamelo lezimo eziphuthumayo le-ophthalmologist.

• Qedela ukungaboni

Kuyisibonakaliso esivele kakhulu, kepha uma ibhande le-retinal lingelashwa ngokushesha, lingasuswa ngokuphelele emthanjeni we-optic, futhi iso limane lingaboni lutho.

Ukwelashwa kwe-retinal detachment kuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi kuya ngobukhulu bayo.

I-laser yokuhlinzwa

Okokutholwa okuncane, ukuhlinzekwa nge-laser kungaphinde kunamathisele i-retina futhi kuvuselele izindawo ezidwengulayo.

I-Vitrectomie

Ezimweni ezibucayi kakhulu, udokotela kufanele akwazi ukulungisa i-retina ngesandla. Ukuze ufinyelele ngemuva kweso, udokotela kuzodingeka ukuthi asuse i-vitreous, gelatinous liquid ngaphakathi kwenhlamvu yeso. Ukuze enze lokhu, ubhoboza ukuvuleka eceleni kweso, amunce i-vitreous, abese enamathisela ngesandla i-retina ngesandla. Umzimba we-vitreous bese ufakwa ijeli noma uwoyela we-silicone.

Ukuqeda

Ukubopha kuhlanganisa ukuzungeza iso, ukuze ucindezele ezinhlangothini zombili ukuphinda unamathisele i-retina, uma ingakahlukaniswa kakhulu.

Ukufakwa kwe-cryo

Ukufaka igesi ebanda kakhulu esweni kungadala isibazi se-retina endaweni exebukayo noma edabulayo. Le ndlela igwema ukungena esweni kepha igcinelwe amaqembu amancane. Kwesinye isikhathi, noma kunjalo, kuyodingeka ukubeka izibopho ngaphakathi kweso ukuze kulungiswe i-retina kahle ngenkathi izilungisa.