Okuqukethwe
Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngoMthetho wePareto noma i-20/80 Principle. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu sase-Italy kanye nesazi sezomnotho u-Vilfredo Pareto sathola ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kwengcebo emphakathini akulingani futhi kuncike ekuncikeni okuthile: ngokwanda komcebo, inani labantu abacebile liyancipha ngokuqhubekayo nge-coefficient eqhubekayo ( phakathi kwemindeni yase-Italy, i-80% yemali engenayo yayingama-20% emindeni). Kamuva, lo mbono wathuthukiswa encwadini yakhe nguRichard Koch, owahlongoza ukwakhiwa kwendawo yonke ethi "Isimiso 20/80" (20% yemizamo inikeza u-80% womphumela). Eqinisweni, lo mthetho ngokuvamile awuvezwa ngezinombolo ezinhle kangaka (funda "I-Long Tail" kaChris Anderson), kodwa ubonisa ngokucacile ukusabalalisa okungalingani kwezinsiza, inzuzo, izindleko, njll.
Ekuhlaziyeni ibhizinisi, ishadi le-Pareto livamise ukwakhiwa ukumela lokhu kungalingani. Ingasetshenziselwa ukukhombisa ngokubonakalayo, isibonelo, ukuthi yimiphi imikhiqizo noma amakhasimende aletha inzuzo enkulu. Ngokuvamile kubonakala kanje:
Izici zayo eziyinhloko:
- Ikholomu ngayinye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ye-histogram imelela inzuzo yomkhiqizo ngamayunithi aphelele futhi ihlelwe ngokuhambisana ne-eksisi engakwesokunxele.
- Igrafu ewolintshi imelela iphesenti eliqongelelwe lenzuzo (okungukuthi, isabelo senzuzo ngokwesisekelo sokuqongelela).
- Emngceleni onemibandela ongu-80%, umugqa ovundlile uvame ukudwetshwa ukuze ucace. Zonke izimpahla ezingakwesokunxele sephuzu lokuphambana kwalo mugqa negrafu yenzuzo eqoqiwe zisilethela u-80% wemali, zonke izimpahla zingakwesokudla - okusele okungu-20%.
Ake sibone ukuthi ungalakha kanjani ishadi le-Pareto ku-Microsoft Excel ngokwakho.
Inketho 1. Ishadi elilula le-Pareto elisekelwe kudatha esenziwe ngomumo
Uma idatha yomthombo iza kuwe ngesimo sethebula elifanayo (okungukuthi, elisefomu eliqediwe kakade):
… bese senza okulandelayo.
Hlunga ithebula ngohlelo olwehlayo lwenzuzo (ithebhu Idatha - Ukuhlunga) bese wengeza ikholomu enefomula yokubala amaphesenti anqwabelene enzuzo:
Le fomula ihlukanisa isamba senzuzo eqoqiwe kusukela ekuqaleni kohlu kuya entweni yamanje ngenani lenzuzo yetafula lonke. Siphinde sengeze ikholomu enokungaguquguquki okungu-80% ukuze sakhe umugqa wedeshi ovundlile eshadini lesikhathi esizayo:
Sikhetha yonke idatha futhi sakhe i-histogram evamile kuthebhu Faka – I-Histogram (Faka – Ishadi Lekholomu). Kufanele ibukeke kanje:
Uchungechunge lwephesenti eshadini eliwumphumela kufanele lithunyelwe nge-eksisi yesibili (kwesokudla). Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukukhetha imigqa ngegundane, kodwa lokhu kungase kube nzima, ngoba kunzima ukubona ngokumelene nesizinda samakholomu amakhulu enzuzo. Ngakho-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa uhlu lokudonsela phansi kuthebhu ukugqamisa Isakhiwo or Ifomethi:
Bese uchofoza kwesokudla kumugqa okhethiwe bese ukhetha umyalo Uchungechunge lweDatha Yedatha futhi efasiteleni elivelayo, khetha inketho Ku-eksisi yesibili (i-Secondary Axis). Ngenxa yalokho, umdwebo wethu uzobukeka kanje:
Ochungechungeni lwe-Accumulated Profit Share and Threshold, udinga ukushintsha uhlobo lweshadi ukusuka kumakholomu ukuya emigqeni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, chofoza kumugqa ngamunye wale migqa bese ukhetha umyalo Shintsha Uhlobo lweshadi lochungechunge.
Okusele nje ukukhetha umugqa ovundlile we-Threshold bese uyifometha ngendlela yokuthi ibukeke njengomugqa wokunqamula kunedatha (okungukuthi, susa omaka, wenze umugqa odeshizwe ube bomvu, njll.). Konke lokhu kungenziwa ngokuchofoza kwesokudla kumugqa bese ukhetha umyalo Uchungechunge lweDatha Yedatha. Manje umdwebo uzothatha uhlobo lwawo lokugcina:
Ngokusho kwayo, singaphetha ngokuthi i-80% yenzuzo ilethwa yizimpahla zokuqala ezi-5, futhi zonke ezinye izimpahla ngakwesokudla kwe-akhawunti yamazambane nge-20% kuphela yenzuzo.
Ku-Excel 2013, ungakwenza kalula nakakhulu - sebenzisa uhlobo lweshadi lenhlanganisela olusha olwakhelwe ngaphakathi ngokushesha lapho uhlela:
Inketho 2: I-PivotTable kanye Neshadi Le-Pivot Pareto
Yini okufanele uyenze uma ingekho idatha eseyenziwe ngomumo yokwakha, kodwa kuphela ulwazi lwangempela olungahluziwe? Ake sicabange ukuthi ekuqaleni sinetafula elinedatha yokuthengisa efana naleli:
Ukuze wakhe ishadi le-Pareto kulo futhi uthole ukuthi yimiphi imikhiqizo ethengiswa kakhulu, kuzodingeka uqale uhlaziye idatha yomthombo. Indlela elula yokwenza lokhu ngethebula le-pivot. Khetha noma iyiphi iseli kuthebula lomthombo bese usebenzisa umyalo Faka – Ithebula Le-Pivot (Faka – Ithebula Le-Pivot). Ewindini eliphakathi elivelayo, ungashintshi lutho bese uchofoza OK, bese kuphaneli evela kwesokudla, hudula izinkambu zedatha yomthombo ukusuka phezulu ukuya phansi ezindaweni zesakhiwo sethebula le-pivot lesikhathi esizayo:
Umphumela kufanele ube ithebula lesifinyezo elinesamba semali engenayo yomkhiqizo ngamunye:
Ihlele ngohlelo olwehlayo lwemali engenayo ngokumisa iseli esebenzayo kukholomu Inani emkhakheni Wemali Engenayo nokusebenzisa inkinobho yokuhlunga От Я до А (Kusuka ku-Z ukuya ku-A) ithebhu Idatha.
Manje sidinga ukungeza ikholomu ebaliwe enenzuzo enqwabelene yenzalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hudula inkambu futhi Imali engenayo endaweni Izindinganiso kufasitelana elingakwesokudla ukuze uthole ikholomu eyimpinda ku-pivot. Bese uchofoza kwesokudla kukholamu ehlanganisiwe bese ukhetha umyalo Izibalo ezengeziwe - % yenani eliphelele elisebenzayo ensimini (Bonisa Idatha Njenge-% Egijima Isamba Ngaphakathi). Efasiteleni elivelayo, khetha inkambu Igama, lapho iphesenti lemali engenayo lizonqwabelana ukusuka phezulu kuye phansi. Okukhiphayo kufanele kubukeke njengaleli thebula:
Njengoba ubona, leli cishe itafula elenziwe ngomumo kusukela engxenyeni yokuqala ye-athikili. Ishoda kuphela ikholomu yenjabulo ephelele enenani lomkhawulo elingu-80% lokwakha umugqa onqanyuliwe kumdwebo wesikhathi esizayo. Ikholomu enjalo ingafakwa kalula ngokusebenzisa inkambu ebaliwe. Gqamisa noma iyiphi inombolo esifinyezweni bese uchofoza kuthebhu Ikhaya – Faka – Inkambu Ebaliwe (Ikhaya – Faka – Inkambu Ebaliwe). Ewindini elivulayo, faka igama lensimu kanye nefomula yayo (kithi, njalo):
Ngemuva kokuchofoza OK ikholomu yesithathu izokwengezwa kuthebula enenani elingu-80% kuwo wonke amaseli, futhi ekugcineni izothatha ifomu elidingekayo. Bese ungasebenzisa umyalo Ishadi le-Pivot (Ishadi Le-Pivot) ithebhu Amapharamitha (Izinketho) or Analysis (Ukuhlaziya) futhi usethe ishadi ngendlela efanayo ncamashi nenketho yokuqala:
Igqamisa imikhiqizo ebalulekile
Ukuze kugqanyiswe izici ezithonya kakhulu, okungukuthi amakholomu abekwe kwesokunxele sephoyinti yokuphambana kwejika lenzalo elinqwabelene eliwolintshi nomugqa wokusika ovundlile ongu-80% angagqanyiswa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuzodingeka wengeze enye ikholomu etafuleni ngefomula:
Le fomula ikhipha oku-1 uma umkhiqizo ungakwesobunxele sephoyinti lokuhlangana futhi u-0 uma ungakwesokudla. Khona-ke udinga ukwenza okulandelayo:
- Sengeza ikholomu entsha eshadini - indlela elula yokwenza lokhu ngokukopisha okulula, okungukuthi ikholomu egqamisayo emuva, kopisha (Ctrl + C), khetha umdwebo bese ufaka (Ctrl + V).
- Khetha umugqa owengeziwe bese uwushintsha eduze kwe-eksisi yesibili, njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla.
- Uhlobo Lweshadi Lochungechunge emuva shintsha kumakholomu (histogram).
- Sisusa imvume eseceleni ezakhiweni zomugqa (chofoza kwesokudla kumugqa Ukukhanyisa - Ifomethi Yomugqa - I-Side Gap) ukuze amakholomu ahlangane abe yinto eyodwa.
- Sisusa imingcele yamakholomu, futhi senze ukugcwaliswa kukhanye.
Ngenxa yalokho, sithola ukugqama okuhle kwemikhiqizo ehamba phambili:
PS
Kusukela nge-Excel 2016, ishadi le-Pareto lengezwe kusethi evamile yamashadi e-Excel. Manje, ukuze uyakhe, vele ukhethe ububanzi nakuthebhu Faka (Faka) khetha uhlobo olufanele:
Ukuchofoza okukodwa - futhi umdwebo usulungile:
- Ungawakha kanjani umbiko usebenzisa ithebula le-pivot
- Setha izibalo ku-PivotTables
- Yini Okusha Kumashadi ku-Excel 2013
- Isihloko seWikipedia ngomthetho kaPareto