I-baccalaureate, umzuzu obalulekile wokuguquka empilweni yabafundi besikole samabanga aphezulu nabazali babo. E-France, lolu vivinyo, oluphawula ukuphela kwesikole samabanga aphezulu, lusamele i-grail engcwele yokufinyelela imfundo ephakeme, ukuthola idiploma futhi wenze umsebenzi wamaphupho akho. Yebo, ngokombono… kodwa emikhakheni ethile, i-bac iwumthetho kuphela futhi ukukhuluma kuphela okuzovumela ukwamukelwa kuma-grandes écoles.

Kusukela kusiLatini ” i-bacca laurea ", okusho ukuthi" i-laurel wreath ", leli phasi lezifundo eziphakeme, elitholwe ekupheleni kwe-Terminale, libhekisela  isigqoko samaqhawe ase-Antiquity. Le diploma yanikezwa eminyakeni engamashumi amabili ngemuva kokudalwa kwayo ngaphansi kukaNapoleon “ngokubalula” okuphothula lolu hlolo.

Izinkulumo ezehlukene

Abafake izicelo zabo isilinganiso samaphuzu silingana noma sikhulu kuno-10/20 uthole i-bac.

Labo abathole i-avareji yamamaki ngaphansi kuka-8/20 bayahlehliswa. Labo abathole isilinganiso okungenani se-8/20 bathatha ukuhlolwa komlomo okulungisiwe.

• La khuluma kahle ngokwanele inikezwa ngesilinganiso samaphuzu okungenani angu-12/20 nangaphansi kuka-14/20;
• La usho kahle inikezwa ngesilinganiso samaphuzu okungenani angu-14/20 nangaphansi kuka-16/20;
• La udumisa inikezwa ngesilinganiso samaphuzu okungenani angu-16/20.

Izinketho zokuzikhethela ze-baccalaureate zikuvumela ukuthi uthole amaphuzu angeziwe futhi ngaleyo ndlela wandise amathuba okuthola okushiwo.

Uma i-bac itholakala ngokubamba, umfundi wasesikoleni esiphakeme ngeke akwazi ukufuna ukushiwo.

Ngaphansi kokuxaka kunezimpi zesikhathi sokulwa, uhlelo lokuqondisa izikole nokho lunenkundla enkulu, eyenziwe ngabaphumelele abayazi kahle imithetho.

I-baccalaureate, ecatshangelwa iminyaka engu-60 edlule njengediploma ephezulu, kancane kancane iye yaba yintando yeningi ukuze igcine isiba yizinga elilula elivumelana "nokukhuluma" okuye kwazuza isisindo.

Umphumela ongaba khona wokucabangela amamaki wokulawulwa okuqhubekayo kokushintsha izivivinyo ezikhanseliwe ngenxa yeCovid-19, inani labantu abakhulunywa nge-TB leqe cishe ngama-50% ngonyaka we-2020. Amantombazane ayaqhubeka nokuyeka kalula ukushiwo ukuthi abafana.

Kunini lapho ukugunyazwa kudingekile ngempela?

Imikhakha ejwayelekile

Yebo ezifundweni zasenyuvesi ezimelana nokukhethwa kwamafayela, kodwa ezikhokha inani ngokunikeza izifundo kubafundi abangaphezu kuka-200, ukushiwo akusizi. Umsebenzi wenkuthalo kuphela womfundi kanye nemiphumela yakhe okuzomvumela ukuthi aqhubeke endleleni. Kule mikhakha, umoya wokuncintisana kanye nendawo yenhlalo izobamba iqhaza. Umfundi oxhaswe wumndeni wakhe uzoba nesikhathi esiningi sokufunda kunomuntu osebenza zonke izimpela sonto namaholide. Kunjalo emanyuvesi ezokwelapha noma ezomthetho amukela abafundi abaningi eminyakeni yokuqala. Unyaka wesibili ukufinyeleleka kwabangcono kakhulu.

Ukuqeqeshwa kobuchwepheshe

Ukuhlaziywa kwabacwaningi kuSayensi Yezemfundo kuqinisekisa ukuthi kusukela maphakathi nawo-1990, ngaphansi komphumela wenhlekelele yezomnotho kanye nezinguquko ezilandelanayo, izifundo zokuqeqeshwa kwemisebenzi yezandla ezifana nama-IUT, ama-BTS ziye zandisa ukukhetha kwazo, zamukela izethameli ezivela kwabaningi ngaphezu kwalokho ezikhethiwe ngokwezemfundo nangokwenhlalo. Asikho isidingo sokwethula ifayela lakho uma kungekho okukhulunywa ngakho futhi kungcono uhlole isikole kusengaphambili ukuze wazi izinga lokukhetha. Ukushiwo kungavumela ngempela ibhonasi noma "ilungelo lokufinyelela" ngaphandle kokudlula ekukhethweni kwebhokisi lamafayela.

Izikole ezinkulu

Izikole zobunjiniyela, bezilwane kanye nesayensi yezepolitiki nazo ziyafana futhi zingabokuqala ukusebenzisa lezi zisho njengendlela yokukhetha abafake izicelo, zengeze inhlolokhono yomlomo njengebhonasi.

Ngakho-ke akusanele ukuba ne-bac, kufanele ubhale isiFulentshi kahle, wazi ukuthi ungaziveza kanjani ngomlomo futhi ukhulume, ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ukwazi ukuqhubeka nezifundo zakho.

Kuthiwani ngemigqomo yochwepheshe?

Izifundo ze-baccalaureate pro nazo zidlala nokushiwo. Abafundi abaningi ngokwengeziwe bafisa ukuqhubeka ne-BTS futhi kungenxa yokusho kwabo ukuthi bazokwazi ukufaka isicelo sokuhlanganisa izifundo. Kwezomnotho nezenhlalo, ukubalulwa kwe-bac pro Support and Care to the Person kungavumela ukuthola indawo e-IFAS, Institute of Training of Caregivers.

Sekuyiminyaka eminingana, isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu uBaptiste Coulmont sinquma ukuthi yimaphi amagama okuqala anquma kusengaphambili kakhulu (noma okungenani) ukuze athole ukukhulunywa “okuhle kakhulu” okudumile. Imiphumela ye-bac ka-2020 yamvumela ukuthi ashicilele ukuhlaziya kokuqala. Lokhu kubonisa ngaphezu kwakho konke ukungalingani komphakathi kusenomthelela omubi ezifundweni. Amanye amaGrandes Ecoles, afana neSayensi Po, anqume ukulwa nalokhu ngokunikela ubambiswano ezikoleni zamabanga aphakeme ezibizwa ngokuthi “ezindaweni ezibaluleke kakhulu noma ezindaweni ezibucayi” ukuze kuvunyelwe abantu abasha abebengasoze bathole leli thuba, ukukuhlanganisa nezikole. . Kepha kukhona futhi, ngaphansi kombandela wokuthola okushiwo okudumile.