I-Hypochromia yigama lezokwelapha elisho ukulahlekelwa umbala esitho, izicubu noma amaseli. Ingasetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ku-dermatology ukuze ifanelekele amabala esikhumba e-hypochromic noma ku-hematology ukuze kuqondwe amaseli egazi abomvu e-hypochromic.

Ku-dermatology, i-hypochromia yigama elisetshenziselwa ukubhekisela ekulahlekelweni kombala ezinhlakeni ezifana nesikhumba, izinwele nezinwele zomzimba. Ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukufaneleka ukulahlekelwa umbala emehlweni.

I-Hypochromia ibangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-melanin, i-pigment yemvelo ekhiqizwa ama-melanocyte ngaphakathi emzimbeni futhi ebhekele umbala wesikhumba, izinwele, izinwele zomzimba namehlo. Ngakho-ke i-Hypochromia ingabangelwa ukukhubazeka ekukhiqizeni i-melanin noma ukucekelwa phansi kwalesi sombala.

Ukuntuleka kwe-melanin kungaba nemvelaphi eminingi. Kungenzeka ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokutheleleka, isifo sokuzivikela komzimba noma isifo sofuzo. Phakathi kwezimbangela ze-hypochromia ku-dermatology, sithola isibonelo:

• thei-albinism ye-oculocutaneous, ebonakala ngokungabikho ngokuphelele kwe-melanin esikhumbeni, izinwele, izinwele zomzimba namehlo;
• i-albinism ingxenye noma i-piebaldism okuyinto, ngokungafani ne-albinism ye-oculocutaneous, ithinta isikhumba nezinwele kuphela;
• le vitiligo, isifo sokuzivikela komzimba esidala ukunyamalala okuqhubekayo kwama-melanocyte, amaseli emsuka wokwenziwa kwe-melanin;
• thei-hypopituitarisme, ebonakala ngokuboshwa kokukhishwa kwama-hormone okuvela ku-pituitary yangaphambili okungaholela ekukhishweni kwe- integument kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila;
• le i-pityriasis versicolor, i-mycosis engabangela ukubonakala kwamachashazi ane-hypopigmented, ebizwa nangokuthi amabala esikhumba e-hypochromic.

Ukuphathwa kwe-hypochromia kuncike ekuxilongweni kwe-dermatologist. Uma kwenzeka i-mycosis, ukwelashwa okulwa nokutheleleka kungenziwa, isibonelo, kusetshenziswe. Kwezinye izimo, akukho ukwelashwa okutholakalayo okwamanje. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela nokho ziyanconywa ukuthi zikhawulele ukukhula kokususwa kwe-pigmentation. Ukuvimbela kuhilela ukuvikela isikhumba, izinwele namehlo emisebeni ye-ultraviolet (UV).

Ku-hematology, i-hypochromia yigama lezokwelapha elingasetshenziswa ukubhekisela kokungavamile kumangqamuzana egazi abomvu (amangqamuzana egazi abomvu). Sikhuluma nge-hypochromia yamangqamuzana egazi abomvu lapho ebonakala ephaphathekile ngendlela engavamile ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ngendlela yokwenza amabala ka-May-Grünwald Giemsa. Amangqamuzana egazi abomvu abe esebizwa ngokuthi ama-hypochrome.

Ukukhanya kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi kubonisa ukuntuleka kwe-hemoglobin. Ngempela, i-hemoglobin iyisici esingaphakathi kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi esiwanikeza umbala wawo obomvu odumile. Kuphinde kube yiprotheni enesibopho sokuthutha umoya-mpilo ngaphakathi emzimbeni, yingakho ukubaluleka kokulawulwa ngokushesha kwe-hypochromia yamangqamuzana abomvu egazi.

Kwezokwelapha, lokhu kuntuleka kwe-hemoglobin kubizwa ngokuthi i-hypochromic anemia. Ibonakala ngezinga eliphansi ngokungavamile le-hemoglobin egazini. I-Hypochromic anemia ingaba nezimbangela eziningi ezihlanganisa:

• ukuntuleka kwe-iron (i-iron deficiency anemia), isici sokulandelela esinomthelela ekuhlanganiseni kwe-hemoglobin;
• ukukhubazeka kwezakhi zofuzo, njenge-thalassemia.

Amaseli egazi abomvu e-Hypochromic angabonwa ngebala le-May-Grünwald Giemsa. Isebenzisa ama-reagents ahlukene, le ndlela ihlukanisa imiphakathi ehlukene yamaseli egazi ngaphakathi kwesampula yegazi. Lo mbala wenza kube nokwenzeka ngokukhethekileyo ukuhlonza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, noma amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, abonakala ngombala wawo obomvu. Uma la mangqamuzana egazi ebonakala ephaphathekile ngendlela engavamile, kubizwa ngokuthi i-hypochromia yamangqamuzana egazi abomvu.

I-anemia ye-Hypochromic ivame ukutholakala ngokulinganisa amapharamitha amabili egazi:

• isilinganiso se-hemoglobin ye-corpuscular hemoglobin (TCMH), esikala inani le-hemoglobin equkethwe ingqamuzana elibomvu legazi;
• i- mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (CCMH), ehambisana nesilinganiso sokuhlushwa kwe-hemoglobin ngeseli ngalinye elibomvu.

Sikhuluma nge-hypochromia yamaseli abomvu egazi ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• TCMH ngaphansi kuka-27 µg iseli ngalinye;
• we-CCMH ngaphansi kuka-32 g/dL.

Ukwelashwa kwe-hypochromic anemia kuncike emsuka wayo kanye nenkambo. Ngokuya ngecala, ukushoda kwe-hemoglobin kungelashwa ngokwengeza okusansimbi noma ukumpontshelwa igazi.

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungase kudingeke ukufakelwa komnkantsha.