Iningi labesifazane baseRussia lingathanda ukukhulisa okungenani ingane eyodwa, kodwa izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zabo zibekela umama okungenani iminyaka emihlanu. Yiziphi izici ezivimbela lokhu futhi abesifazane baseRussia bazizwa bejabule? Ucwaningo lwakamuva luhlose ukuthola izimpendulo.
Ngekota yokuqala ka-2022, i-VTsIOM kanye nenkampani eyenza imithi uGedeon Richter benze ucwaningo lwaminyaka yonke lwe-Gedeon Richter Women's Health Index 2022. Ngokwemiphumela yocwaningo, kwacaca ukuthi u-88% wabaphenduli bangathanda ukuphakamisa oyedwa. noma izingane ezingaphezu, kodwa kuphela u-29% wabaphenduli abahlela ukuba nengane eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo. U-7% wabesifazane abafuni ukuba nezingane.
Bangu-1248 abesifazane baseRussia abaneminyaka engu-18 kuya ku-45 ababambe iqhaza kulolu cwaningo.
Yini evimbela abesifazane baseRussia ukuba babe nezingane esikhathini esizayo esiseduze?
izinkinga zezezimali kanye nobunzima ngezindlu (amaphesenti angama-39 alabo abangahlelile ukuba nezingane esikhathini esizayo);
ukuntula uzinzo empilweni (amantombazane angama-77% esigabeni “sangaphansi kwama-24”);
ukuba khona kwengane eyodwa, ezimbili noma ngaphezulu (37% yenani eliphelele labaphendulile);
imikhawulo ehlobene nezempilo (17% yabo bonke abaphendulile);
ubudala (36% wabaphenduli babheka iminyaka yabo njengengafaneleki ukuzala).
“Umkhuba wokuba ngumama obambezelekile ubonakala emhlabeni wonke, kuhlanganise naseRussia,” kuphawula u-Yulia Koloda, Oqokelwe Isayensi Yezokwelapha, UProfesa Ohlangene woMnyango Wezokubeletha Nezabesifazane we-Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, udokotela wokubelethisa nodokotela wabesifazane, i-reproductologist. "Kodwa kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi ukuzala kuya ngokuya kuba kubi kakhulu ngokuya ngeminyaka: lapho uneminyaka engama-35, inani kanye nekhwalithi yamaqanda kuncipha kakhulu, kanti ku-42, amathuba okubeletha ingane enempilo angama-2-3% kuphela."
Ngokusho kuka-Yuri Koloda, kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngezinhlelo zakho zokuba nezingane nodokotela wezifo zabesifazane, ngoba anganikeza izinketho ezingcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezifisweni zowesifazane. Ngokwesibonelo,
ubuchwepheshe banamuhla bukuvumela ukuthi umise amaqanda - futhi kufanele ukwenze lokhu ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engama-35
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukulungisa ngesikhathi lezo zifo ezincike ku-hormone ezingathinta umsebenzi wokuzala (ama-ovari e-polycystic, i-endometriosis, nabanye).
Abaphenduli bahlobanisa ukuzalwa kwengane nalokhu:
umthwalo wemfanelo wempilo nempilo yakhe (65% wabo bonke abaphendulile);
injabulo nenjabulo kusukela ekubukeni kwengane (58%);
ukuvela kwencazelo yempilo enganeni (32%);
umuzwa wokuphelela komndeni (30%).
Abesifazane abangenazo izingane bacabanga ukuthi ukuzalwa kwengane kuzobalethela injabulo (51%), kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kuzonciphisa izithakazelo zabo ngokuvuna izithakazelo zengane (23%), kube nzima ukuphila ngokwezimali (24) %), futhi kuthinte kabi impilo nokubukeka kwabo (ishumi nantathu%).
Kodwa naphezu kwazo zonke izici ezimbi, iningi labesifazane baseRussia bayakujabulela ukuba omama.
I-92% yomama abahlolwa ilinganise ukwaneliseka kwabo ngalesi simo kumaphuzu asuka ku-7 kuya kwayi-10 esikalini samaphuzu ayi-10. Isilinganiso esiphezulu "sijabule ngokuphelele" sinikezwe abesifazane abangama-46% abanezingane. Ngendlela, abesifazane abanezingane balinganisa izinga labo lenjabulo lilonke kunabesifazane abangenazo izingane: amaphuzu wangaphambili angu-6,75 amaphuzu angu-10 ngokumelene namaphuzu angu-5,67 kwakamuva. Okungenani yileso simo ngo-2022.
Uchwepheshe wezengqondo u-Ilona Agrba ngaphambilini ohlwini izizathu ezinhlanu eziyinhloko ezenza abesifazane baseRussia bagweme ukuvakashela udokotela wezifo zabesifazane: amahloni, ukwesaba, ukungathembeki, ukungakwazi ukufunda nokubhala kanye nokunganaki kodokotela. Ngokombono wakhe, lesi simo siqhubeka iminyaka eminingi, okungenani kusukela ezikhathini zaseSoviet, futhi izinguquko emphakathini wezokwelapha kanye nemfundo yabesifazane baseRussia zenzeka kancane kancane.