I-One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest namanye amafilimu nezincwadi aveza ukwelashwa kwe-electroconvulsive njengobuqaba nonya. Nokho, udokotela wengqondo osebenzayo ukholelwa ukuthi isimo sihlukile futhi ngezinye izikhathi le ndlela ibalulekile.
I-Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) iyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokwelapha ukugula ngengqondo okukhulu. Futhi abasebenzisi "emazweni omhlaba wesithathu lapho kunezinkinga ngemithi", kodwa e-USA, Austria, Canada, Germany nakwezinye izifundazwe eziphumelelayo.
Le ndlela yaziwa kabanzi emibuthanweni yezengqondo naseRussia. Kodwa ulwazi lweqiniso ngaye alufinyeleli ezigulini ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kunokucwasa okuningi kanye nezinganekwane ezizungeze i-ECT kangangokuthi abantu abazimisele ngokukhethekile ukuhlola eminye imibono.
Ubani owasungula lokhu?
Ngo-1938, odokotela bengqondo base-Italy uLucio Bini no-Hugo Cerletti bazama ukwelapha i-catatonia (i-psychopathological syndrome) ngogesi. Futhi sithole imiphumela emihle. Kwabe sekukhona izivivinyo eziningi ezahlukene, isimo sengqondo mayelana nokwelashwa kwe-electroshock sashintsha. Ekuqaleni, kwabekwa amathemba amakhulu endleleni. Khona-ke, kusukela ngawo-1960, isithakazelo kuwo sehlile, futhi i-psychopharmacology yaqala ukuthuthukisa ngenkuthalo. Futhi ngeminyaka yawo-1980, i-ECT "yavuselelwa" futhi yaqhubeka nokucwaninga ukusebenza kwayo.
Lapho kudingekile?
Manje izinkomba ze-ECT zingaba izifo eziningi.
Ngokwesibonelo, schizophrenia. Yiqiniso, ngokushesha ngemva kokuxilongwa, akekho ozoshaqisa umuntu. Lokhu akulungile ukusho okungenani. Okokuqala, kunqunyelwe inkambo yomuthi. Kodwa uma amaphilisi engasizi, khona-ke kungenzeka futhi kudingekile ukuzama le ndlela. Kodwa-ke, ngendlela eqondile futhi ngaphansi kokuqondisa kochwepheshe. Ezenzweni zomhlaba, lokhu kudinga ukuthola imvume enolwazi yesiguli. Okuhlukile kwenziwa kuphela ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu neziphuthumayo.
Ngokuvamile, i-ECT isiza ngokubona izinto ezingekho kanye nokukhohlisa. Ayini ama-hallucinations, ngicabanga ukuthi uyazi. Ku-schizophrenia, ngokuvamile zivela njengamazwi. Kodwa hhayi njalo. Kungase kube nemizwa yokuthinta, nokunambitha, ngisho nezibonwayo, lapho umuntu ebona into engekho ngempela (akumelwe kudidaniswe nemibono engelona iqiniso, lapho senza iphutha lehlathi njengenja yamademoni ebumnyameni).
I-Delirium ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Ngokwesibonelo, umuntu uqala ukuba nomuzwa wokuthi uyilungu lomnyango oyimfihlo kahulumeni futhi izinhloli ziyamlandela. Ukuphila kwakhe konke kancane kancane kungaphansi kokucabanga okunjalo. Futhi-ke ngokuvamile ugcina esibhedlela. Ngalezi zimpawu, i-ECT isebenza ngempumelelo kakhulu. Kodwa, ngiyaphinda, ungavame ukungena enkambisweni kuphela uma amaphilisi ayengenawo umphumela oyifunayo.
Ukwelashwa kwe-electroconvulsive kwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia. Umuntu akezwa lutho.
I-Electroconvulsive therapy nayo ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziselwa i-bipolar affective disorder. Ngamafuphi, lesi yisifo esinezigaba ezahlukene. Umuntu ugxile ekuhlangenwe nakho okudabukisayo usuku lonke, akukho okumjabulisayo noma okumthakazelisa. Ngokuphambene nalokho, unamandla amaningi namandla, okuyinto cishe engenakwenzeka ukubhekana nayo.
Abantu bashintsha ngokungapheli abalingani bocansi, bathathe imali mboleko yokuthenga okungadingekile, noma bahambe baye e-Bali ngaphandle kokutshela muntu noma ukushiya inothi. Futhi nje izigaba ze-manic akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukwelapha ngemithi. Kulokhu, i-ECT ingaphinda isize.
Ezinye izakhamizi zithanda lezi zimo ezihambisana nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo, kodwa empeleni zinzima kakhulu. Futhi bahlala bephela ngokucindezeleka okukhulu, lapho kungekho lutho oluhle.
I-ECT iphinde isetshenziswe uma i-mania ithuthukile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngoba izidakamizwa ezijwayelekile zokwelashwa okunjalo cishe zihlala ziphikisana ngokuphelele.
Ngokucindezeleka okukhulu, i-ECT ingasetshenziswa futhi, kodwa ayenziwa njalo.
Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu
Ukwelashwa kwe-electroconvulsive kwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia. Umuntu akezwa lutho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iziphumuli zemisipha zihlale zisetshenziswa ukuze isiguli singasusi imilenze noma izingalo. Baxhuma ama-electrode, baqale okwamanje izikhathi eziningana - futhi yilokho. Umuntu uyavuka, futhi emva kwezinsuku ezi-3 inqubo iphindaphindiwe. Isifundo ngokuvamile sihlanganisa izikhathi ezingu-10.
Akuwona wonke umuntu onqunyelwe i-ECT, kwezinye iziguli kune-contraindications. Ngokuvamile lezi yizinkinga ezinzima zenhliziyo, ezinye izifo zemizwa, ngisho nezifo zengqondo (isibonelo, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuphoqelekile). Kodwa udokotela uzotshela wonke umuntu ngalokhu futhi, okokuqala, abathumele ukuhlolwa.