Ake ucabange ukuthi isikwele mitha ngasinye sazo zonke izindawo ezisogwini emhlabeni zigcwele izikhwama zegrosa eziyi-15 ezigcwele udoti wepulasitiki - yimalini manje eseyingena olwandle emhlabeni jikelele ngonyaka owodwa nje. , umhlaba ukhiqiza okungenani amathani ayizigidi ezingu-3,5 epulasitiki neminye imfucuza eqinile ngosuku, okuyisilinganiso esiphindwe ka-10 ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-100 edlule. Futhi i-United States ingumholi ongenambangi lapha, ekhiqiza amathani ayizigidi ezingama-250 ngonyaka - cishe ama-2 kg kadoti umuntu ngamunye ngosuku.
Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani elandayo labantu linikezela ukuphila kwalo emgudwini wokulahla imfucuza. Ezinye zazo zikhiqiza udoti omncane ngonyaka kangangokuthi wonke wawungena ethini elivamile. Laba bantu baphila impilo yesimanje evamile, futhi isifiso sokunciphisa ukungcola sibalondoloza imali nesikhathi futhi sicebisa ukuphila kwabo.
U-Katherine Kellogg ungomunye walabo abanciphise inani likadoti wakhe ongazange uhlanganiswe noma ugaywe kabusha kwaze kwaba seqophelweni lapho ulingana ngokoqobo ethini elilodwa. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, umuntu waseMelika ovamile ukhiqiza cishe amakhilogremu angu-680 kadoti ngonyaka.
“Siphinde songa cishe u-$5000 ngonyaka ngokuthenga okusha esikhundleni sokupakisha, ukuthenga ngobuningi, nokwenza imikhiqizo yethu njengemikhiqizo yokuhlanza neziqedaphunga,” kusho uKellogg, ohlala nomyeni wakhe emzini omncane eVallejo, eCalifornia.
U-Kellogg unebhulogi lapho abelana khona ngemininingwane yendlela yokuphila yokusaphaza i-zero, kanye nezeluleko ezisebenzayo neziqondiso zalabo abafisa ukuqala impilo yokulahla imfucuza. Eminyakeni emithathu, ubenabafundi abajwayelekile abangama-300 kubhulogi yakhe naku-in.
"Ngicabanga ukuthi abantu abaningi sebekulungele ukunciphisa imfucuza yabo," kusho uKellogg. Kodwa-ke, akafuni abantu bavaleleke ngokuzama ukufaka wonke udoti wabo ethini elilodwa. “Ukukhipha imfucuza kumayelana nokunciphisa imfucuza nokufunda ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi. Yenza okusemandleni akho futhi uthenge okuncane."
Umphakathi osebenzayo
Ekolishi, ngenxa yokwesaba umdlavuza webele, uKellogg waqala ukufunda amalebula okunakekela komuntu siqu futhi efuna izindlela zokunciphisa ukuchayeka komzimba wakhe kumakhemikhali angaba ubuthi. Wathola ezinye izindlela futhi waqala ukuzenzela eyakhe imikhiqizo. Njengabafundi bebhulogi yakhe, uKellogg wafunda kwabanye abantu, kuhlanganise noLauren Singer, umbhali webhulogi ethandwayo. Umculi waqala ukwehlisa imfucuza yakhe njengomfundi wezemvelo ngo-2012, osethuthuke waba yisikhulumi, umeluleki, nomthengisi. Unezitolo ezimbili eziklanyelwe ukwenza ukuphila kube lula kunoma ubani ofuna ukunciphisa inani likadoti ezimpilweni zabo.
Kunomphakathi waku-inthanethi osebenzayo wokwabelana ngemibono mayelana nendlela yokuphila engasaphazi lutho, lapho abantu bephinde babelane ngezinto ezibakhathazayo futhi basekelane lapho abangani nomndeni bengahlanganyeli ngesifiso sempilo yokulahla imfucuza futhi bakuthole kuxakile. “Wonke umuntu uzizwa enokwesaba ukwaliwa lapho ezama ukuqala ukwenza okuhlukile,” kusho uKellogg. "Kodwa akukho lutho olunzima ngokuhlanza amabala ekhawunta yasekhishini ngethawula lendwangu esikhundleni sethawula lephepha."
Izixazululo eziningi zokusiza ukunciphisa imfucuza zazivamile ngaphambi kwenkathi yamapulasitiki kanye nezinto ezilahlwayo. Cabanga ngamanapkin namaduku, uviniga namanzi okuhlanza, izitsha zengilazi noma zensimbi, izikhwama zezimpahla zendwangu. Izixazululo zesikole esidala ezifana nalezi azikhiqizi futhi zishibhile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Kuyini okujwayelekile
U-Kellogg ukholelwa ukuthi ukhiye wokunyakaza kokunciphisa imfucuza ukungabaza ukuthi yini evamile futhi ucabange ngaphandle kwebhokisi. Njengesibonelo esisodwa, uthi uyawathanda ama- tortilla kodwa uyakuzonda ukuwenza, futhi akafuni ukuthenga ama- tortilla apakishiwe esitolo segrosa. Ngakho wathola isixazululo: thenga ama-tortilla amasha endaweni yokudlela yasendaweni yase-Mexico. Indawo yokudlela ijabulela ngisho ukugcwalisa izitsha zokudla zikaKellogg ngama-tortilla ayo ngoba kongela imali.
“Iningi lalezi zixazululo zokunciphisa imfucuza zilula kakhulu,” usho kanje. "Futhi noma yisiphi isinyathelo sokunciphisa imfucuza siyisinyathelo esibheke endaweni efanele."
U-Rachel Felous waseCincinnati, e-Ohio, wathatha izinyathelo ezinqala ngoJanuwari 2017 futhi wehlisa imfucuza yakhe yaba isikhwama esisodwa ngonyaka. UFelus wamangala futhi wajabula ngethonya lokhu okwaba nalo ekuphileni kwakhe.
"I-Zero Waste muhle," kusho yena. “Ngithole umphakathi omangalisayo, ngathola abangani abasha, futhi ngaba namathuba amasha.”
Nakuba uFelus ehlale eyikhathalela imvelo, akazange acabange ukuthi ukhiqiza imfucuza engakanani waze wathutha. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho aqaphela khona ukuthi zingakanani izinto ezazinqwabelene endlini yakhe, okuhlanganisa neshumi nambili leshampoo esetshenziswe uhhafu kanye namabhodlela e-conditioner. Ngokushesha ngemva kokufunda isihloko esikhuluma ngokuncishiswa kwemfucuza, wanquma ukuyithatha ngokungathi sína le ndaba. U-Felus uphinde akhulume ngomzabalazo wakhe wokumosha kanye nezinselelo nempumelelo endleleni yakhe.
Phakathi kwamaphesenti angu-75 namaphesenti angu-80 esisindo sayo yonke imfucuza yasendlini imfucumfucu ephilayo, engavundiswa futhi yengezwe emhlabathini. UFelous uhlala esakhiweni esihlala endlini, ngakho ubeka imfucumfucu yakhe efrijini. Kanye ngenyanga, imfucuza enqwabelene uyisa emzini wabazali bakhe, lapho iqoqwa khona umlimi wendawo ukuze adlise imfuyo noma enze umquba. Uma imfucumfucu yemvelo iphelela endaweni yokulahla imfucumfucu, cishe ngeke ifakwe umquba ngoba umoya okhona awukwazi ukuhamba kahle.
U-Felus, ophethe eyakhe i-web design kanye nebhizinisi lokuthatha izithombe, uphakamisa ukuthi uphile ngendlela yokungachithi lutho ngezigaba futhi ungazicindezeli kakhulu. Ukushintsha indlela yokuphila kuwuhambo, futhi akwenzeki ngokuphazima kweso. “Kodwa kuyafaneleka. Angazi ukuthi kungani ngingasheshanga ukuqala,” kusho uFelus.
Umndeni ojwayelekile
USean Williamson waqala ukuphila impilo yokungachithi lutho eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Ngenkathi omakhelwane bakhe ezindaweni ezingaphandle kwaseToronto bephethe izikhwama ezintathu noma ezine zikadoti beyisa eceleni komgwaqo ebusuku obubandayo basebusika, uWilliamson uhlala efudumele futhi ebukela i-hockey ku-TV. Kuleyo minyaka eyishumi, uWilliamson, umkakhe, kanye nendodakazi yakhe babephethe izikhwama eziyisithupha zikadoti. “Siphila impilo ejwayelekile ngokuphelele. Sisanda kususa imfucuza kuyona,” usho kanje.
UWilliamson wengeza ngokuthi, ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, ukunciphisa imfucuza akunzima. “Sithenga ngobuningi ukuze singayi njalo esitolo, futhi lokho kusigcinela imali nesikhathi,” usho kanje.
UWilliamson ungumxhumanisi webhizinisi lokusimama onhloso yakhe kuwukungamoshi kancane kuzo zonke izici zempilo. “Kuyindlela yokucabanga ngokuthola izindlela ezingcono zokwenza izinto. Lapho sengikubonile lokhu, akuzange kudingeke ngenze umzamo omkhulu ukuze ngilondoloze le ndlela yokuphila,” usho kanje.
Kuyasiza uWilliamson ukuthi indawo yangakubo ibe nohlelo oluhle lokugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki, amaphepha, nensimbi, futhi unendawo egcekeni lakhe lezinto ezimbili ezincane zokuvundisa—ehlobo nasebusika—ezikhiqiza insimu evundile yengadi yakhe. Uthenga ngokucophelela, ezama ukugwema noma yikuphi ukulahlekelwa, futhi uphawula ukuthi ukulahla izinto nakho kubiza imali: ukupakisha kwandisa izindleko zomkhiqizo, bese sikhokhela ukulahlwa kokupakisha ngezintela zethu.
Ukuze athenge ukudla neminye imikhiqizo ngaphandle kokupakisha, uvakashela imakethe yendawo. Futhi lapho kungekho ukukhetha, ushiya iphasela lapho okhokha khona. Izitolo ngokuvamile zingase zisebenzise kabusha noma zisebenzise kabusha ukupakishwa, futhi ngokuzishiya, abathengi babonisa ukuthi abafuni ukotapheya wabo usongwe ngepulasitiki.
Ngisho nangemva kweminyaka eyishumi yokuphila ngaphandle kokumosha, imibono emisha isavela ekhanda likaWilliamson. Ulwela ukunciphisa imfucuza ngomqondo obanzi - isibonelo, ukungathengi imoto yesibili ezopaka u-95% wasemini, nokushefa eshaweni ukuze wonge isikhathi. Iseluleko sakhe: cabanga ngalokho okusebenzisa ngokungacabangi ekuphileni kwakho kwansuku zonke. Uthi: “Uma ushintsha lokho, uyoba nokuphila okujabulisayo nokunethezekile.
Izimiso ezinhlanu ze-zero waste yokuphila kusukela kochwepheshe:
1. Yenqaba. Yenqaba ukuthenga izinto ezinamaphakheji amaningi.
2. Nciphisa. Ungathengi izinto ongazidingi.
3. Sebenzisa kabusha. Thuthukisa izinto ezigugile, thenga izinto eziseke zasetshenziswa noma ezisebenziseka kabusha njengamabhodlela amanzi ensimbi.
4. Umquba. Kufika ku-80% wesisindo sikadoti womhlaba kungaba udoti wemvelo. Ezindaweni zokulahla imfucuza, udoti wemvelo awuboli kahle.
5. Sebenzisa kabusha. Ukuvuselela kabusha kudinga amandla nezinsiza, kodwa kungcono kunokuthumela imfucuza endaweni yokulahla imfucumfucu noma ukuyijikijela eceleni komgwaqo.