Izilonda ezincane zesikhumba ezakhiwe kakhulu ngamafutha, ama-xanthomas avame ukuvela esigqokweni sejwabu leso. Benign pseudotumors, zingaba uphawu lokuphazamiseka kwe-lipid.

IXanthoma yisilonda esincane sesikhumba esingamamilimitha ambalwa ngosayizi, imvamisa siphuzi ngombala. Ngokuyinhloko yenziwe ngama-lipids (i-cholesterol ne-triglycerides).

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-xanthoma ngokuya ngendawo ethintekile kanye nokuma kwezilonda. Zihlelwe ngaphansi kwegama elithi xanthomatosis:

• ijwabu le-xanthoma, noma i-xanthelasma, yilona elijwayeleke kakhulu. Kungathinta ijwabu leso eliphansi noma elingenhla, imvamisa ekhoneni elingaphakathi. Kubonakala ngesimo samachashazi aphuzi noma amabhola amancane wamafutha we-beige, ahambelana nediphozithi ye-cholesterol ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu kwesikhumba;
• i-xanthoma eqhumayo ibonakala ngamaphilisi aphuzi avela ngokungazelelwe ezinqeni, izindololwane nasemadolweni. Kwesinye isikhathi kubuhlungu, kunyamalala ngokuzenzekelayo kodwa i-pigmentation yesikhashana ihlala isikhathi esithile;
• I-palmar striated xanthoma itholakala emaphethweni eminwe nasezandleni. Ngaphezu kokukhula, kungaphezulu kwendawo ephuzi;
• ukusabalalisa amaplant xomas kuthinta isiqu nezimpande zezitho, kwesinye isikhathi ubuso, ngendlela yezimagqabhagqabha ezinkulu eziphuzi. Ziyivelakancane impela;
• I-tendon xanthoma ithinta imisipha ye-Achilles noma imisipha ye-extensor yeminwe hhayi ngaphezulu, kepha ngaphansi kwesikhumba;
• I-tuberous xanthoma ithinta kakhulu izindawo zengcindezi ezifana nezindololwane noma amadolo. Ziyahlukahluka ngesimo kusuka kuma-papules amancane kuya kumathumba aqinile aphuzi noma awolintshi, avame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-halo erythematous.

Ezimweni eziningi, ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kudokotela wesikhumba kwanele ukuxilonga i-xanthoma. Imvamisa, kwenziwa i-biopsy.

AmaXanthomas ikakhulu abangelwa ukungena ngaphansi kwesikhumba samaseli agcwele amaconsi e-lipid akhiwe ikakhulu yi-cholesterol futhi kwesinye isikhathi i-triglycerides.

I-Xanthoma ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nesifo se-lipid (hyperlipidemia). Bese sikhuluma nge-dyslipidemic xanthomatosis. Bangofakazi besifo esiyinhloko somndeni noma sesibili se-hyperlipoproteinemia (isifo sikashukela, isifo sokuqina kwesibindi, imithi, njll.), Kuyaqabukela kwesinye isifo se-dyslipidemia (cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, sitosterolemia, isifo seTangier). Ebhekene ne-xanthoma, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwe-lipid ngokuzimisela kwe-cholesterol ephelele, ukuzimisela kwe-HDL, i-cholesterol ye-LDL, i-tryglycerides nama-apolipoprotein. 

I-Normolipidemic xanthomatosis, okungukuthi ayihlotshaniswa nokuphazamiseka kwe-lipid, ayivamile kakhulu. Kumele bafune izifo ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi i-hematological.

I-eyelid xanthoma kuphela (i-xanthemum) ayihlotshaniswa ngqo ne-dyslipidemia.

Izingozi ze-xanthoma yilezo ze-dyslipidemia ezihlotshaniswa nayo. Ngakho-ke lezi yizingozi zenhliziyo.

AmaXanthomas angasuswa, ngenxa yezizathu zobuhle. Uma zincane, udokotela wesikhumba angazisusa nge-scalpel, ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo. Uma zinkulu noma kukhona ukuphikisana nokuhlinzwa, i-laser ingasetshenziswa.

Uma i-xanthoma ihlotshaniswa ne-dyslipidemia, lokhu kufanele kuphathwe ngokudla kanye / noma ukwelashwa ukugwema izinkinga zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.