Vitamin D

Igama lamazwe omhlaba -, i-antirachitic vitamin, i-ergocalciferol, i-cholecalcefirol, i-viosterolol, i-vitamin yelanga. Igama lamakhemikhali ngu-ergocalciferol (uvithamini D2) noma i-cholecalciferol (i-vitamin D3, 1,25 (OH) 2D (1alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D)

Isiza ukugcina amathambo enempilo, iwagcine eqinile futhi eqinile. Ubhekele izinsini, amazinyo, imisipha enempilo. Ibalulekile ekugcineni impilo yenhliziyo, isiza ukuvimbela ukuwohloka komqondo futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kobuchopho.

UVitamin D yinto encibilikayo enamafutha edingekayo kubhalansi wamaminerali emzimbeni. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zikavithamini D, izinhlobo ezifundwa kakhulu nezinhlobo eziyinhloko ezibalulekile kubantu kucofe (uvithamini D3esakhiwe isikhumba ngaphansi kwethonya lemisebe ye-ultraviolet) kanye ergococindzi (uvithamini D2equkethwe kweminye imikhiqizo). Uma kuhlanganiswa nokuzivocavoca okuvamile, ukudla okunomsoco, i-calcium ne-magnesium, banesibopho sokwakheka nokugcinwa kwamathambo anempilo. I-Vitamin D nayo inesibopho sokumuncwa kwe-calcium emzimbeni. Ngokuhlangene, zisiza ukuvimbela nokunciphisa ingozi yokuphuka kwamathambo. Kuyivithamini enomthelela omuhle empilweni yemisipha futhi iphinde ivikele ezifweni ezinjenge-osteomalacia.

Umlando omfushane wokutholakala kwevithamini

Izifo ezihambisana nokushoda kukavithamini D zazaziwa esintwini kudala ngaphambi kokutholakala kwazo ngokusemthethweni.

  • Maphakathi nekhulu le-17 - Ososayensi uWhistler noGlisson baqale benza ucwaningo oluzimele lwezimpawu zalesi sifo, kamuva sabizwa ngokuthi “i-rickets“. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kwesayensi akuzange kusho lutho ngendlela yokuvimbela lesi sifo - ukukhanya kwelanga okwanele noma ukudla okunomsoco.
  • Ngo-1824 uDkt.Schötte waqale wanquma uwoyela wezinhlanzi njengokwelashwa kwama-rickets.
  • 1840 - Udokotela wasePoland uSniadecki ukhiphe umbiko wokuthi izingane ezihlala ezifundeni ezinomsebenzi ophansi welanga (esikhungweni esingcolisiwe seWarsaw) zisengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa ama-rickets uma kuqhathaniswa nezingane ezihlala ezigodini. Isitatimende esinjalo asizange sithathelwe phezulu ngozakwabo, njengoba bekukholelwa ukuthi imisebe yelanga ayikwazi ukuthinta amathambo omuntu.
  • Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 - ngaphezu kwezingane ezingama-90% ezihlala emadolobheni aseYurophu angcolile zahlushwa ama-rickets.
  • 1905-1906 - ukutholakala kwenziwa ukuthi ngokushoda kwezinto ezithile ezivela ekudleni, abantu bagula ngesifo esisodwa noma esinye. UFrederick Hopkins uphakamise ukuthi ukuze kuvinjelwe izifo ezinjengo rickets, kubalulekile ukuthatha izithako ezithile ezikhethekile ngokudla.
  • Ngo-1918 - kutholakala ukuthi ama-hound adla uwoyela wezinhlanzi awatholi ama-rickets.
  • 1921 - Ukucabanga kukaSosayensi Palm ukungabi khona kwelanga njengembangela yamarickets kwaqinisekiswa ngu-Elmer McCollum noMargarita Davis. Bakhombisile ukuthi ngokondla amagundane elebhu nokuwabeka elangeni, ukukhula kwamathambo amagundane kwashesha.
  • Ngo-1922 uMcCollum wahlukanisa “into encibilikayo enamafutha” evimbela ama-rickets. Njengoba kungakadluli isikhathi eside kutholakale amavithamini A, B no-C anohlobo olufanayo, kwabonakala kunengqondo ukubiza i-vithamini entsha ngokulandelana kwama-alfabhethi - D.
  • Ngama-1920 - UHarry Steenbock unelungelo lobunikazi lokudla okukhanyisa ngemisebe ye-UV ukuze abaqinise nge-vitamin D.
  • 1920-1930 - Kwatholakala izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zikavithamini D eJalimane.
  • 1936 - Kwafakazelwa ukuthi uvithamini D ukhiqizwa isikhumba ngaphansi kwethonya lokukhanya kwelanga, kanye nokuba khona kukavithamini D emafutheni wezinhlanzi nomphumela wawo ekwelapheni ama-rickets.
  • Ukuqala ngeminyaka yama-30s, okunye ukudla e-United States kwaqala ukuqiniswa novithamini D. Esikhathini sangemva kwempi eBrithani, kwakukhona ubuthi obuningi obuvela ku-vitamin D b okweqile. Kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1990, kuvele izifundo eziningi ekwehleni kwamazinga kavithamini kubantu bomhlaba.

Ukudla okunevithamini D ephezulu kakhulu

Ikhonjiswe okuqukethwe okulinganiselwa ku-D2 + D3 ngo-100 g womkhiqizo

Ushizi weRicotta0.2 mcg (10 IU)

Isidingo sansuku zonke sevithamini D

Ngo-2016, i-European Food Safety Committee yasetha i-RDA elandelayo ye-vitamin D, ngaphandle kobulili:

  • izingane izinyanga ezingu-6-11 - 10 mcg (400 IU);
  • izingane ezingaphezu konyaka owodwa kanye nabantu abadala - 15 mcg (600 IU).

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amazwe amaningi aseYurophu azibekela owawo uvithamini D, kuya ngomsebenzi welanga unyaka wonke. Isibonelo, eJalimane, e-Austria naseSwitzerland, okujwayelekile kusukela ngo-2012 ukusetshenziswa kwama-vitamin angu-20 ngosuku, ngoba kula mazwe inani elitholakala ekudleni alanele ukugcina izinga elidingekayo likavithamini D ku-plasma yegazi - 50 nano mol / litre. E-US, izincomo zihluke kancane, nabantu abaneminyaka engama-71 nangaphezulu belulekwa ukuthi basebenzise ama-mcg angama-20 (800 IU) ngosuku.

Ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi inani eliphansi levithamini D elitholiwe kufanele lenyuswe lifike ku-20-25 mcg (800-1000 IU) ngosuku kubantu abadala nasebekhulile. Kwamanye amazwe, amakomidi esayensi kanye nemiphakathi yokudla okunempilo iphumelele ukukhuphula inani lansuku zonke ukuze kutholakale uvithamini omningi emzimbeni.

Sanda nini isidingo sevithamini D?

Ngaphandle kokuthi umzimba wethu uyakwazi ukukhiqiza uvithamini D ngokwawo, isidingo sawo singakhula ezimweni eziningana. Ekuqaleni, umbala wesikhumba omnyama kunciphisa amandla omzimba okuthola imisebe yohlobo lwe-B ye-ultraviolet, edingekayo ekukhiqizeni uvithamini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwe- isikrini selanga I-SPF 30 inciphisa ikhono lokwenza i-vitamin D ngamaphesenti angama-95. Ukuze sikhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kukavithamini, isikhumba kumele sivezwe ngokuphelele emisebeni yelanga.

Abantu abahlala ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho yoMhlaba, ezifundeni ezingcolisiwe, abasebenza ebusuku futhi bachitha usuku endlini, noma labo abasebenza ekhaya, kumele baqinisekise ukuthi bathola amazinga kavithamini anele ekudleni kwabo. Izinsana ezinceliswa ibele kuphela kufanele zithole isengezo sikavithamini D, ikakhulukazi uma ingane inesikhumba esimnyama noma ingangeni kakhulu elangeni. Isibonelo, odokotela baseMelika bayeluleka ngokunikeza izingane u-400 IU ka-vitamin D nsuku zonke ngamaconsi.

Izici zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zikavithamini D

UVitamin D uyiqembu izinto ezincibilika emafutheniezikhuthaza ukumuncwa kwe-calcium, i-magnesium ne-phosphates emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa amathumbu. Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu zikavithamini D sezizonke.1 (ingxube ye-ergocalciferol ne-lumisterol), uD2 (ergocalciferol), uD3 (cholecalciferol), uD4 (dihydroergocalciferol) noD5 (sitocalciferol). Amafomu ajwayelekile kakhulu yi-D2 kanye no-D3… Yibo esikhuluma ngabo uma bethi “uvithamini D” ngaphandle kokucacisa inombolo ethile. Lawa angama-secosteroid ngokwemvelo. I-Vitamin D3 ikhiqizwa nge-photochemically, ngaphansi kwethonya lemisebe ye-ultraviolet evela ku-protosterol 7-dehydrocholesterol, ekhona ku-epidermis yesikhumba sabantu kanye nezilwane eziphakeme kakhulu. I-Vitamin D2 itholakala kokunye ukudla, ikakhulukazi amakhowe kanye ne-shiitake. Lawa mavithamini azinzile kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, kepha abhujiswa kalula ngama-oxidizing agents kanye nama-acid acid.

Sincoma ukuthi uzijwayeze ngebanga likaVithamini D ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Kunemikhiqizo engaphezu kuka-30,000 ehambisana nemvelo, izintengo ezikhangayo nokukhushulwa okuvamile, okungaguquki Isaphulelo esingu-5% esinekhodi yephromo CGD4899, ukuthunyelwa kwamahhala emhlabeni wonke kuyatholakala.

Izakhiwo eziwusizo nomphumela wazo emzimbeni

U-Vitamin D sekuqinisekisiwe ukuthi unemihlomulo yezempilo ecacile, ngokusho kwe-European Food Safety Committee. Phakathi kwemiphumela emihle yokusetshenziswa kwayo kuyabonakala:

  • ukukhula okujwayelekile kwamathambo namazinyo ezinganeni nasezinganeni;
  • ukugcina isimo samazinyo namathambo;
  • ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwamasosha omzimba kanye nempendulo enempilo yesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba;
  • Ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuwa, okuvame ukuba imbangela yokuqhekeka, ikakhulukazi kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60;
  • ukumuncwa okuvamile nokusebenza kwe-calcium ne-phosphorus emzimbeni, ukugcinwa kwamazinga we-calcium esegazini;
  • ukuhlukaniswa kweseli okuvamile.

Eqinisweni, uvithamini D uyi-prohormone futhi awunawo umsebenzi wezinto eziphilayo ngokwawo. Kuphela ngemuva kokuthi kubhekane nezinqubo ze-metabolic (okokuqala kuphenduka i-25 (OH) D3 esibindini, bese kuthi 1a, 25 (OH)2D3 futhi 24R, 25 (OH)2D3 ezinso), kukhiqizwa ama-molecule asebenza ngokuphila. Sekukonke, cishe ama-metabolism e-vitamin D37 angama-3 ahlukanisiwe futhi achazwa ngamakhemikhali.

I-metabolite esebenzayo ka-vitamin D (calcitriol) yenza imisebenzi yayo ngokuzibophezela ku-vitamin D receptors, atholakala ikakhulu ku-nuclei yamaseli athile. Lokhu kusebenzisana kuvumela i-vitamin D receptors ukuthi isebenze njengento eguqula ukubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo zokuhambisa amaprotheni (njenge-TRPV6 ne-calbindin) abandakanyeka ekumungeni kwe-calcium yamathumbu. I-vitamin D receptor ingeyomndeni omkhulu wama-receptors enuzi ama-steroid namahomoni wegilo futhi atholakala kumaseli wezitho eziningi - ubuchopho, inhliziyo, isikhumba, ama-gonads, i-prostate nezindlala ezincelisayo. Ukwenza kusebenze i-vitamin D receptor kumaseli emathumbu, amathambo, izinso kanye ne-parathyroid gland kuholela ekugcineni amazinga e-calcium ne-phosphorus egazini (ngosizo lwe-hormone ye-parathyroid ne-calcitonin), kanye nokugcinwa kwamathambo avamile ukwakheka kwezicubu.

Izinto ezisemqoka zendlela ka-vitamin D endocrine yilezi:

  1. 1 photoconversion ye-7-dehydrocholesterol kuya ku-vitamin D.3 noma ukudla okunomsoco kavithamini D2;
  2. 2 uvithamini D umzimba3 kubhakwe kufika ku-25 (OH) D3 - ifomu eliyinhloko levithamini D elijikeleza egazini;
  3. Umsebenzi we-3 wezinso njengezindlala ze-endocrine ze-metabolism ye-25 (OH) D.3 bese uyiguqulela kumetabolites amabili ayinhloko e-dihydroxylated ka-vitamin D - 1a, 25 (OH)2D3 futhi 24R, 25 (OH)2D3;
  4. Ukudluliswa okuhlelekile kwe-4 kwalawa ma-metabolites ezithweni zomngcele nge-plasma ebopha amaprotheni Vitamin D;
  5. 5 ukusabela kwama-metabolites angenhla ngama-receptors atholakala ku-nuclei yamaseli wezitho ezihambisanayo, kulandelwa izimpendulo zebhayoloji (genomic and direct).

Ukusebenzisana nezinye izinto

Umzimba wethu uyindlela eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu yamakhemikhali. Ukusebenzisana kwamavithamini namaminerali kuxhumene kanjani futhi kuncike ezintweni eziningi. Umphumela owakhiqizwa uvithamini D emzimbeni wethu uhlobene ngqo nenani lamanye amavithamini namaminerali abizwa ngama-cofactors. Kunenqwaba yama-cofactors anjalo, kepha okubaluleke kakhulu yile:

  • : Omunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu kavithamini D ukusimamisa izinga le-calcium emzimbeni. Yingakho ukumuncwa okuphezulu kwe-calcium kwenzeka kuphela uma kunenani elanele likavithamini D emzimbeni.
  • : zonke izitho emzimbeni wethu zidinga i-magnesium ukuze zenze kahle imisebenzi yazo, kanye nokuguqula ngokuphelele ukudla kube ngamandla. I-Magnesium isiza umzimba ukuthi umunce amavithamini namaminerali afana ne-calcium, i-phosphorus, i-sodium, i-potassium, ne-vitamin D. I-Magnesium ingatholakala ekudleni okufana namantongomane, imbewu nezinhlamvu ezigcwele.
  • : umzimba wethu uyakudinga ukwelashwa kwesilonda (ukuqinisekisa ukujiya kwegazi) kanye nokugcina amathambo enempilo. Uvithamini D no-K basebenza ndawonye ukuqinisa amathambo nokuwakhulisa kahle. UVitamin K utholakala ekudleni okufana ne-kale, isipinashi, isibindi noshizi onzima.
  • : Kusisiza silwe nezifo, sakhe amangqamuzana amasha, sikhule futhi sikhule, futhi simunce ngokuphelele amafutha, ama-carbohydrate namaprotheni. I-Zinc isiza ukuthi uvithamini D angene ezicutshini zamathambo futhi isiza nokuhambisa i-calcium ezicutshini zamathambo. Inani elikhulu le-zinc liyatholakala, kanye neminye imifino nezinhlamvu.
  • : umzimba wethu uyidinga kancane, kepha, noma kunjalo, ibamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekuguqulweni kwezinto eziningi, kufaka phakathi uvithamini D. IBoron itholakala ekudleni okufana nebhotela lamantongomane, iwayini, omisiwe, nakweminye imifino enamaqabunga.
  • : Kanye ne-vitamin D, i-Retinol ne-beta-carotene zisiza umsebenzi wethu "wekhodi yofuzo". Uma umzimba ungenawo uvithamini A, uvithamini D ngeke ukwazi ukusebenza kahle. I-Vitamin A ingatholakala ku-mango, isibindi, ibhotela, ushizi, nobisi. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uvithamini A unamafutha ancibilikayo, ngakho-ke uma uvela emifino, kufanele uhlanganiswe nokudla okuhlukahlukene okunamafutha. Ngale ndlela singathola okuningi ekudleni.

Ukuhlanganiswa kokudla okunempilo novithamini D

Inhlanganisela kavithamini D ne-calcium ibhekwa njengenzuzo kakhulu. Umzimba wethu udinga uvithamini ukuze ukwazi ukumunca ngokuphelele i-calcium, ebalulekile emathanjeni ethu. Inhlanganisela yomkhiqizo omuhle kuleli cala kungaba, ngokwesibonelo:

  • i-salmon eyosiwe kanye ne-kale eboshwe kancane;
  • i-omelet nge-broccoli noshizi;
  • isemishi eline-tuna noshizi esinkwani esigcwele okusanhlamvu.

I-Vitamin D ingaba nenzuzo ukuhlanganisa ne-magnesium, isibonelo, ukudla amasardine nesipinashi. Le nhlanganisela ingase yehlise ngisho namathuba okuba nesifo senhliziyo nomdlavuza wamathumbu.

Vele, kungcono ukuthola inani elidingekayo levithamini ngqo ekudleni futhi usebenzise isikhathi esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka emoyeni omusha, uvumela isikhumba ukuthi sikhiqize uvithamini D. Ukusetshenziswa kwamavithamini kumaphilisi akusizi njalo, udokotela anganquma ukuthi lokhu noma leso sakhi kudinga isikhathi esingakanani emzimbeni wethu. Ukudla amavithamini okungalungile kungasilimaza futhi kuholele ekuveleni kwezifo ezithile.

Sebenzisa emithini esemthethweni

Uvithamini D ubalulekile ekulawuleni ukumuncwa namazinga we-calcium ne-phosphorus amaminerali emzimbeni. Iphinde ibambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekugcineni ukwakheka kwamathambo okufanele. Ukuhamba ngosuku olubalele kuyindlela elula, enokwethenjelwa yokuthi iningi lethu lithole ivithamini esilidingayo. Lapho uvezwa ukukhanya kwelanga ebusweni, izingalo, amahlombe nemilenze kanye noma kabili ngesonto, isikhumba sizokhiqiza inani elanele levithamini. Isikhathi sokuchayeka sincike eminyakeni yobudala, uhlobo lwesikhumba, inkathi, usuku. Kuyamangaza ukuthi izitolo zikavithamini D zingagcwaliswa ngokushesha kanjani ngokukhanya kwelanga. Izinsuku eziyisithupha nje kuphela zokushiswa yilanga ngezikhathi ezithile zingakhokha izinsuku ezingama-6 ngaphandle kwelanga. Izinqolobane ezinamafutha zomzimba wethu zisebenza njengesinqolobane sovithamini, okhishwa kancane kancane lapho kungekho imisebe ye-ultraviolet.

Kodwa-ke, ukushoda kukavithamini D kuvame kakhulu kunalokho umuntu angakulindela. Abantu abahlala ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho basengozini ikakhulukazi. Kepha kungenzeka ngisho nasezimweni ezinelanga, njengoba izakhamizi zamazwe aseningizimu zichitha isikhathi esiningi endlini futhi zisebenzisa izinto zokuzivikela elangeni ukuze zibalekele ukusebenza ngokweqile kwelanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuntula kuvame ukwenzeka kubantu asebekhulile.

Uvithamini D njengomuthi unqunyelwe ezimweni ezinjalo:

  1. 1 enokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-phosphorus egazini ngenxa yesifo esizuzwe njengefa (umndeni hypophosphatemia). Ukuthatha uvithamini D kanye nezithako ze-phosphate kuyasebenza ekwelapheni ukuphazamiseka kwamathambo kubantu abanamazinga aphansi e-phosphate;
  2. 2 enokuqukethwe okuphansi kwama-phosphates ane-Fanconi syndrome;
  3. 3 enokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-calcium egazini ngenxa yamazinga aphansi ama-hormone we-parathyroid. Kulokhu, uvithamini D uthathwa ngomlomo;
  4. Ukuthatha i-vitamin D (cholecalciferol) kuyasebenza ekwelapheni i-osteomalacia (ukuthambisa amathambo), kufaka phakathi lawo abangelwa yisifo sesibindi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ergocalciferol ingasiza nge-osteomalacia ngenxa yemithi ethile noma ukumuncwa okungalungile kwamathumbu;
  5. 5… Kwezinye izimo, ukusebenzisa i-vitamin D ngezihloko kanye nemithi equkethe i-corticosteroids yindlela elapheka kakhulu ye-psoriasis;
  6. 6 ene-renal osteodystrophy. Ukwengeza i-Vitamin D kuvimbela ukulahleka kwethambo kubantu abanezinso ezingasebenzi;
  7. Ama-rickets ayi-7. Uvithamini D usetshenziselwa ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kwama-rickets. Abantu abanokungasebenzi kahle kwezinso badinga ukusebenzisa uhlobo olukhethekile lwevithamini - calcitriol;
  8. 8 lapho uthatha i-corticosteroids. Kunobufakazi bokuthi uvithamini D ehlanganiswe ne-calcium kuthuthukisa ukuqina kwamathambo kubantu abathatha i-corticosteroids;
  9. 9 kwamathambo. Uvithamini D ukholelwa ukuthi3 kuvimbela ukwehla kwamathambo namathambo abe buthakathaka e-osteoporosis.

Olunye ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ukuthola uvithamini D owanele kunganciphisa ubungozi be ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza… Isibonelo, kwabonwa ukuthi kwabesilisa abathatha imithamo ephezulu yevithamini, ingozi yomdlavuza wamathumbu yehliswe ngama-29% uma kuqhathaniswa nabesilisa abanokuhlushwa okuphansi okungama-25 (OH) D egazini (funda ngaphezu kuka-120 amadoda ayinkulungwane iminyaka emihlanu). Olunye ucwaningo luphethe ngokuthi abesifazane abachayeka elangeni elanele futhi badla izengezo zikavithamini D baba nengozi encane yomdlavuza webele ngemuva kweminyaka engama-20.

Kunobufakazi bokuthi uvithamini D unganciphisa ubungozi be izifo ezizimelelapho umzimba uveza khona ukuphendula komzimba ngokumelene nezicubu zawo. Uthole leyo vithamini D3 modulates izimpendulo ezizimele ezilawula amaseli omzimba ("T cells"), ukuze izimpendulo ze-autoimmune zinciphiswe. Lezi yizifo ezifana nohlobo 1, ukusabalala kanye nesifo samathambo.

Ucwaningo lwe-Epidemiological and clinical lubonisa ukuhlangana phakathi kwamazinga aphezulu egazi angama-25 (OH) D nokwehla kwengcindezi yegazi, kuphakamisa ukuthi i-25 (OH) D inciphisa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-renin, idlala indima ebalulekile ukulawulwa kwengcindezi yegazi.

Amazinga aphansi kavithamini D angakhuphula amathuba okugula. Ubufakazi bokuqala bukhombisa ukuthi uvithamini D angaba isengezo esiwusizo ekwelashweni okujwayelekile kwalesi sifo.

Amafomu wesilinganiso sikaVitamin D

Uvithamini D ngohlobo lwesilinganiso ungatholakala ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene - ngesimo samaconsi, izixazululo zotshwala namafutha, izixazululo zemijovo, amaphilisi, kukodwa futhi kuhlangene nezinye izinto ezizuzisayo. Isibonelo, kukhona ama-multivitamini anjenge:

  • i-cholecalciferol ne-calcium carbonate (inhlanganisela ethandwa kakhulu ye-calcium nevithamini D);
  • i-alfacalcidol ne-calcium carbonate (uhlobo olusebenzayo lukavithamini D3 ne-calcium);
  • i-calcium carbonate, i-calciferol, i-magnesium oxide, i-zinc oxide, i-oxide yethusi, i-manganese sulfate ne-sodium borate;
  • i-calcium carbonate, i-cholecalciferol, i-magnesium hydroxide, i-zinc sulfate heptahydrate;
  • i-calcium, i-vitamin C, i-cholecalciferol;
  • nezinye izithasiselo.

UVitamin D uyatholakala kwizithasiselo nokudla okuqinisiwe ngezindlela ezimbili: D2 (ergococindzi) no-D3 (kucofe). Ngokwemvelo, ziyehluka kuphela ngesakhiwo sechungechunge lwamakhemikhali. Uvithamini D2 ikhiqizwa yi-ultraviolet irradiation evela ku-ergosterol, novithamini D3 - nge-irradiation ye-7-dehydrocholesterol kusuka ku-lanolin nokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali kwe-cholesterol. Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili ngokwesiko zibhekwa njengelingana ngokuya ngekhono labo lokwelapha ama-rickets, futhi empeleni izinyathelo eziningi ezithintekayo ekwenziweni komzimba nokwenziwa kukavithamini D2 novithamini D3 ziyefana. Womabili la mafomu akhuphula ngempumelelo amazinga angama-25 (OH) D. Azikho iziphetho ezicacisiwe ezitholakele nganoma yimiphi imiphumela ehlukile yalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zikavithamini D. Umehluko kuphela uma usebenzisa imithamo ephezulu yevithamini, kulokhu uvithamini D3 iyasebenza kakhulu.

Imithamo elandelayo kavithamini D ifundwe ezifundweni zesayensi:

  • ukuvimbela i-osteoporosis kanye ne-fractures - ama-Units 400-1000 International Units ngosuku;
  • ukuvimbela ukuwa - i-800-1000 IU kavithamini D ngokuhlangana ne-1000-2000 mg ye-calcium ngosuku;
  • ukuvimbela i-multiple sclerosis - ukuthatha isikhathi eside okungenani ama-400 IU ngosuku, okungcono ngesimo se-multivitamin;
  • ukuvimbela zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza - 1400-1500 mg we-calcium ngosuku, ngokuhlangana no-1100 IU kavithamini D3 (ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane ngesikhathi sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini);
  • ubuhlungu bezicubu ekuthatheni izidakamizwa ezibizwa ngama-statins: uvithamini D2 noma D3, 400 IU ngosuku.

Izithako eziningi zinevithamini D engama-400 IU (10 mcg).

Ukusetshenziswa kukavithamini D emithini yendabuko

Imithi yesintu kudala yakwazisa ukudla okunothe ngovithamini D. Ngabo, kunezindlela zokupheka eziningi ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ezithile. Okuphumelela kakhulu kubo:

  • ukudla amafutha kafishi (kokubili ngesimo se-capsule nangendlela yemvelo - ngokudla ama-300 g / isonto lezinhlanzi ezinamafutha): ukuvimbela umfutho wegazi ophezulu, i-arrhythmia, umdlavuza webele, ukugcina isisindo somzimba esinempilo, kusuka ku-psoriasis nokuvikela amaphaphu lapho ubhema, nini, ukucindezeleka nokucindezeleka, izinqubo zokuvuvukala. Amafutha iresiphi i-pruritus, i-psoriasis, i-herpetic dermatitis: 1 ithisipuni ye-elecampane, amathisipuni ama-2 kawoyela wezinhlanzi, amathisipuni ama-2 wesinqumelo esicacisiwe.
  • ukusetshenziswa kwamaqanda enkukhu: I-yolk yeqanda eluhlaza iwusizo ekukhathaleni nasekukhathaleni (isibonelo, ingxube ye-gelatin powder neqanda elihlaza elincibilikiswe ku-100 m wamanzi liyasetshenziswa; isiphuzo esenziwe ngobisi olufudumele, isikhuphasha senkukhu eluhlaza kanye noshukela). Uma ukhwehlela, sebenzisa ingxube yezikhupha ezimbili ezingavuthiwe, amathisipuni ama-2, isipuni se-dessert sikafulawa kanye nezipuni ezi-2 zoju. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezindlela zokupheka eziningana zokwelapha izifo ezihlukahlukene zepheshana lesisu. Isibonelo, uma kwenzeka ukuzwa okungathandeki esibindi, izindlela zokupheka zabantu zincoma ukuphuza izikhupha zamaqanda ezi-1 ezishayiwe, ukuphuza u-2 ml wamanzi amaminerali nokufaka iphedi yokushisa efudumele ohlangothini lwesokunene amahora amabili. Kukhona futhi izindlela zokupheka ezinamagobolondo amaqanda. Isibonelo, nge-catarrh engapheli yesisu namathumbu, i-acidity ephezulu, noma, izindlela zokupheka zabantu zelulekwa ukuthi zithathe isigamu sesipuni sesipuni se-eggshell emhlabathini ekuseni ngesisu esingenalutho. Futhi ukuze unciphise ingozi yokwakheka kwamatshe, ungasebenzisa usawoti we-calcium we-citric acid (i-powder yegobolondo leqanda ithululelwa ngejusi kalamula, iwayini noma i-apula cider uviniga, ishukunyiswe kuze kuncibilike, noma amaconsi angu-2-100 kalamula aconselwa ku-2 isipuni se-powder leqanda). Ukufakwa kwamagobolondo amaqanda kanye ne-citric acid nakho kubhekwa njengekhambi eliphumelelayo le-arthritis. Nge-sciatica, kunconywa ukuthi uhlikihle umhlane ngengxube yamaqanda aluhlaza noviniga. Amaqanda aluhlaza abhekwa njengekhambi elihle le-psoriasis, izikhupha eziluhlaza (amagremu angu-1) zixutshwe ne-birch tar (amagremu angu-2) kanye nokhilimu onzima. gcoba amafutha avela ezikhupha zendodakazi ethosiwe zamaqanda abilisiwe.
  • ubisi, ecebile ku-vitamin D - lokhu kuyinqolobane yonke yokupheka kwabantu ngezifo ezihlukahlukene. Isibonelo, ubisi lwembuzi lusiza ngomkhuhlane, ukuvuvukala, ukubhodla, ukuphefumula, izifo zesikhumba, ukukhwehlela, isifo sofuba, isifo se-nerve sciatic, isimiso somchamo, ukungezwani komzimba nokunye. ngamajikijolo e-viburnum agayiwe noshukela. Ukwelapha i-pyelonephritis, izindlela zokupheka zabantu ziyelulekwa ukuthi zidle ubisi nge-apula ikhasi. Ngokukhathala kanye ne-asthenia, ungasebenzisa umhluzi we-oat obisini (ingilazi engu-200 ye-oatmeal kuhhavini enezingilazi ezi-1 zobisi amahora angu-4-3 ngokushisa okuphansi). Ngokuvuvukala kwezinso, ungasebenzisa ukumnika kwamaqabunga e-birch ngobisi. Kunconywa futhi ukuthatha i-decoction ye-horsetail ebisi ukuvuvukala kwesimiso somchamo kanye ne-edema. Ubisi oluneminti luzosiza ukukhulula ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya. Ukuze uthole i-migraines eqhubekayo, ingxube yobisi olubilisayo neqanda elisha elivuselelwe kulo lisetshenziselwa izinsuku ezimbalwa - isonto elilodwa. Ukunciphisa i-asidi, iphalishi lethanga eliphekwe obisini liwusizo. Uma izindawo ezithintekile zimanzi, gcoba nge-decoction ka-4 ml wobisi ngama-gramu ayi-600 wembewu emnyama yesithombo kanye no-100 amagremu wembewu ye-hemp (ungafaka futhi ukucindezelwa amahora amabili). Nge-eczema eyomile, izicelo zisetshenziswa kusuka ku-decoction yama-100 amagremu wamaqabunga amasha e-burdock ku-2 ml yobisi.
  • ibhotela esetshenzisiwe, isibonelo, izilonda ze-trophic - ngesimo samafutha avela engxenyeni eyodwa ye-powder yomile eyomile, izingxenye ezine zamafutha nezingxenye ezine zoju.

UVitamin D ocwaningweni lwakamuva lwesayensi

Kutholakale ukuthi ukuthatha umthamo ophakeme kavithamini D izinyanga ezine kunganciphisa inqubo yokuqina kwemithambo kubantu abasha abanesikhumba esimnyama abakhuluphele. Izindonga zemithambo eqinile ziyisibonakaliso sezifo eziningi zenhliziyo ezibulalayo, kanti ukushoda kukavithamini D kubonakala kuyimbangela enkulu. Ngokuya ngocwaningo oluvela eGeorgia Medical Institute, eU.SA, imithamo ephezulu kakhulu yevithamini (4000 IU ngosuku, esikhundleni se-400-600 IU) enconyiwe ibonwe ukunciphisa ukuqina kwemithambo yerekhodi ngamaphesenti ayi-10,4 ezinyangeni ezine.

Funda kabanzi

I-2000 IU yehlise ngo-2%, i-600 IU iholele ekonakaleni kuka-0,1%. Ngasikhathi sinye, eqenjini le-placebo, isimo semithambo sibi kakhulu ngama-2,3%. Abantu abakhuluphele ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama, basengozini yokuntula uvithamini D. Isikhumba esimnyama simunca ukukhanya kwelanga okuncane futhi amafutha aphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwamavithamini.

Ukwengeza i-Vitamin D kungasiza ekudambiseni isifo samathumbu esibuhlungu, ngokusho kocwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwe ososayensi base-University of Sheffield, Department of Oncology and Metabolism.

Funda kabanzi

Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ukuntuleka kukavithamini D kuvamile ezigulini ze-IBS, kungakhathalekile ukuthi ungowaluphi uhlanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kucutshungulwe umphumela wale vithamini ezinkomba zesifo. Ngenkathi ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi okunye ukubheka okudingekayo, imiphumela isivele ikhombisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa i-vithamini kwifomu lokulinganisa kunganciphisa izimpawu ze-IBS ezinjengezinhlungu zesisu, ukuqunjelwa, uhudo nokuqunjelwa. “Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi bonke abantu abane-syndrome ecasulayo kufanele bahlolwe amazinga abo kavithamini D. Kuyisifo esingaqondakali kahle esithinta ngqo ikhwalithi yempilo yeziguli. Kulezi zinsuku, namanje asazi ukuthi ibangelwa yini nokuthi ilashwa kanjani, ”kusho uDkt Bernard Korfy, umholi wezocwaningo.

Imiphumela yezivivinyo zomtholampilo, eshicilelwe kumagazini we-American Osteopathic Association, ikhombisa ukuthi cishe isigidi esisodwa sabantu bomhlaba bangahlushwa ukuntuleka okuphelele noma okuyingxenye kavithamini D ngenxa yezifo ezingamahlalakhona nokusebenzisa njalo i-sunscreen.

Funda kabanzi

"Sichitha isikhathi esithe xaxa endlini, futhi lapho siphuma ngaphandle, sivamise ukugcoba i-sunscreen, futhi ekugcineni sivimbele umzimba wethu ekukhiqizeni uvithamini D," kusho uKim Pfotenhauer, Ph.D. umfundi eTuro University kanye nomcwaningi ngale ndaba. "Nakuba ukugcwala elangeni ngokweqile kungaholela kumdlavuza wesikhumba, inani elilinganiselwe lemisebe ye-ultraviolet liyazuzisa futhi liyadingeka ukwandisa amazinga kavithamini D." Kuphawulwe futhi ukuthi izifo ezingalapheki - uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela, i-malabsorption, isifo sezinso, isifo sikaCrohn nesifo se-celiac - zivimbela kakhulu ukumuncwa kukavithamini D emithonjeni yokudla.

Amazinga aphansi kavithamini D ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa ahlotshaniswa namathuba akhulayo okuthuthuka kwezifo ze-autism ezinganeni ezineminyaka yobudala emi-3 ubudala, ngokusho kocwaningo lwamuva olushicilelwe ephephabhukwini iBone and Minerals Research.

Funda kabanzi

Ocwaningweni lwezingane ezingama-27 ezisanda kuzalwa ezivela eChina, ezingama-940 zatholakala zine-autism spectrum disorder eneminyaka engama-310, ezimele ukwanda kwamaphesenti amathathu. Uma kuqhathaniswa idatha yezingane eziyi-3 ezine-ASD nezilawuli ezingama-1,11, ubungozi be-ASD bukhuphuke kakhulu kuma-quartile amathathu aphansi wamazinga kavithamini D ngesikhathi sokuzalwa uma kuqhathaniswa ne-quartile ephezulu kakhulu: amaphesenti ayi-310 andise ingozi ye-ASD ku-quartile ephansi , Amaphesenti angama-1240 ku-quartile ephansi kakhulu. i-quartile yesibili namaphesenti angu-260 ku-quartile yesithathu. "Isimo se-vitamin D esisanda kuzalwa sasihlotshaniswa kakhulu nengozi ye-autism nokukhubazeka kwengqondo," kusho umbhali wezifundo eziphezulu uDkt Yuan-Ling Zheng.

Ukugcina amazinga kavithamini D anele kusiza ukuvimbela ukuqala kwezifo ezithile zokuvuvukala, njenge-rheumatoid arthritis, ngokusho kwabaphenyi e-University of Birmingham.

Funda kabanzi

Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi uvithamini D esebenza kahle ekuvimbeleni ukuvuvukala, akusebenzi kangako lapho kutholakala isimo sokuvuvukala. I-rheumatoid arthritis, kanye nezinye izifo, yenza umzimba uvikeleke ku-vitamin D. Okunye okutholakele okubalulekile ocwaningweni ukuthi umphumela wevithamini D ekuvuvukeni wawungeke ubikezelwe ngokutadisha amaseli avela kubantu abaphilile noma amaseli egazi ezigulini ezinokuvuvukala . Ososayensi baphethe ngokuthi noma ngabe i-vitamin D inqunyelwe izimo zokuvuvukala, amanani kufanele abe ngaphezulu kakhulu kunalokho okubekiwe njengamanje. Ukwelashwa kufanele futhi kulungise ukuphendula kukavithamini D kwamaseli omzimba ejoyintini. Ngaphezu komphumela omuhle owaziwayo we-vitamin D kwezicubu zamathambo, ibuye isebenze njenge-modulator enamandla yokuzivikela - le vithamini iyakwazi ukunciphisa inqubo yokuvuvukala kwezifo ezizimele. Ukushoda kukavithamini D kuvamile ezigulini ezinesifo samathambo futhi kungabekwa odokotela ngendlela yokwelashwa.

Ukuthola uvithamini D owanele ebuntwaneni nasebuntwaneni kunciphisa ubungozi bokusabela okuzenzakalelayo eziqhingini zaseLangerhans (iqoqo lamaseli endocrine, ikakhulu asemsileni wamanyikwe) enengozi eyandayo yofuzo lohlobo 1 sikashukela.

Funda kabanzi

“Eminyakeni edlule, bekunokungavumelani phakathi kwabaphenyi mayelana nokuthi uvithamini D ungayinciphisa yini ingozi yokuzivikela kumaseli omzimba bese uthayipha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1,” kusho uDkt. Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela esingu-3 yisifo esingalapheki sokuzimela komzimba nesigameko sonyaka samaphesenti ama-5-10 emhlabeni wonke. Lesi sifo njengamanje yisifo esivame kakhulu se-metabolic ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-1 ubudala. Ezinganeni ezincane, inani lamacala amasha liphezulu kakhulu. Futhi izingozi kungenzeka ziphakame ezindaweni eziphakeme, ngokuya enyakatho nenkabazwe. I-Vitamin D iyisici esivikelayo kuhlobo 1 sikashukela ngoba ilawula amasosha omzimba nokuzilimaza komzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo sevithamini D siyehluka ngobubanzi. Kepha izinhlangano eziphakathi kwamazinga kavithamini D nokuphendula okuzenzakalelayo eziqhingini zaseLangerhans bekungahambelani, ngenxa yezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokutadisha, kanye namazinga ahlukene kavithamini D kubantu abahlukahlukene. Lolu cwaningo luhlukile ngohlobo lwalo futhi lubonisa ukuthi amazinga aphakeme kavithamini D ebuntwaneni anciphisa kakhulu ubungozi bokuphendula okuzenzakalelayo. "Njengoba imiphumela yamanje ingabonakali ubudlelwano obuyimbangela, sithuthukisa izifundo ezithembisayo ukubona ukuthi ukungenelela kukavithamini D kungavimbela uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela se-XNUMX," kusho uDkt Norris.

Ukwengeza i-Vitamin D kusiza ukuvikela ezifweni zokuphefumula ezinzima nomkhuhlane, ngokusho kocwaningo olwenziwa yiQueen Mary University yaseLondon (QMUL).

Funda kabanzi

Imiphumela, eyashicilelwa kwiBritish Medical Journal, yayisuselwa ekuhlolweni kwemitholampilo kwabangu-11 ababambe iqhaza ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa ezingama-25 ezenziwa emazweni ayi-14, kubandakanya i-United Kingdom, i-United States, iJapane, i-India, i-Afghanistan, iBelgium, i-Italy, i-Australia kanye neCanada. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngakunye, lezi zivivinyo zikhombise imiphumela ephikisanayo - abanye ababambiqhaza babike ukuthi uvithamini D usiza ukuvikela umzimba kwaSARS, kanti abanye awunamphumela obonakalayo. "Iphuzu liwukuthi, umphumela wokuzivikela wevithamini D ukwengeza ubonakala kakhulu kulezo ziguli ezinamazinga aphansi kavithamini D ekuqaleni lapho zithathwa nsuku zonke noma masonto onke." Uvithamini D - ovame ukubizwa ngokuthi “uvithamini welanga” - uvikela umzimba ezifweni ezithwalwa umoya ngokwanda kwamazinga ama-peptide elwa namagciwane - izinto zemvelo ezibulala amagciwane - emaphashini. Umphumela ungachaza nokuthi kungani siba nemikhuhlane nemikhuhlane kaningi ebusika nasentwasahlobo. Ngalezi zikhathi zonyaka, izinga likavithamini D emzimbeni liphakeme kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uvithamini D uvikela ekuhlaselweni yisifuba somoya okubanga izifo zokuphefumula. Ukudla ivithamini nsuku zonke noma ngesonto kunciphise amathuba okuthola i-ARVI kubantu abanamazinga angaphansi kwama-nanomoles ayi-25 / ilitha. Kepha nalabo ababene-vitamin D eyanele emizimbeni yabo bahlomula, yize umphumela wabo wawunesizotha kakhulu (ukuncipha kwengozi ngamaphesenti ayi-10). Ngokuvamile, ukuncishiswa kosongo lokungenwa umkhuhlane ngemuva kokuthatha uvithamini D kwakulingana nomphumela wokuvikela umkhuhlane ongajova kanye nomuthi wokugoma we-SARS.

Ukusetshenziswa kukavithamini D ku-cosmetology

Uvithamini D ungasetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zokupheka zesikhumba nezinwele ezenziwe ekhaya. Kondla isikhumba nezinwele, kubanike amandla nokuqina, futhi kuvuselele. Sikwazisa izindlela zokupheka ezilandelayo:

  • Amaski kawoyela wezinhlanzi… Lezi zimaski zilungele isikhumba esiguga, ikakhulukazi isikhumba esomile. Uwoyela wezinhlanzi uhamba kahle: ngokwesibonelo, inhlanganisela yesipuni esingu-1 semvubelo, ukhilimu omuncu onamafutha, ithisipuni elilodwa lamafutha ezinhlanzi noju kuyasebenza. Lesi sifihla-buso kufanele kuqala sibekwe kubhavu wamanzi emanzini ashisayo kuze kuqale inqubo yokuvutshelwa, bese unyakazisa bese usebenza ebusweni imizuzu eyi-1. Ungasebenzisa futhi inhlanganisela kawoyela wezinhlanzi noju (10 ithisipuni ngalinye, ngokufaka isipuni esingu-1 samanzi abilisiwe) - imaski enjalo ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-1-10 izosiza ukubhebhethekisa imibimbi emihle futhi ithuthukise umbala wesikhumba. Enye iresiphi ephumelelayo yemaski kawoyela wezinhlanzi, elungele zonke izinhlobo zesikhumba, izoyinika ukusha nobuhle. Kumaski onjalo, udinga ukuxuba isipuni esingu-12 se-eggshell powder, isipuni esingu-1 samafutha wezinhlanzi, isikhuphasha seqanda eli-1, amathisipuni ama-1 oju lwesinaphi kanye nengxenye yengilazi yempuphu ebilisiwe. Isifihla-buso sisetshenziswa ebusweni ngokufudumele, ngemuva kwemizuzu eyi-2-10, sigezwe ngamanzi apholile.
  • Izimaski zamaqanda… Lezi zimaski zithandwa kakhulu futhi zisebenza kuyo yonke iminyaka nezinhlobo zesikhumba. Isibonelo, isikhumba esiguga, imaski yokuthambisa enesipuni esingu-1 sekhasi elomisiwe elichotshoziwe, isikhupha seqanda eli-1 nethisipuni elilodwa lamafutha omnqumo kufanelekile. Kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesikhumba, imaski enempilo nehlanzayo yamaprotheni ama-1, isipuni esingu-2 soju, isigamu sesipuni samafutha e-alimondi nezipuni ezi-1 ze-oatmeal kufanelekile. Ngesikhumba esomile, esigugile, ungasebenzisa imaski yesipuni esingu-2 se-puree, isikhuphasha esingu-1, ukhilimu omuncu noju. Ukususa imibimbi, imaski yesikhupha esingu-1, isipuni esingu-1 samafutha yemifino nethisipuni elilodwa lejusi leqabunga le-aloe (ebeligcinwa esiqandisini amasonto ama-1) lilungile. Ukuze unakekele isikhumba esinamafutha futhi uqinise ama-pores, imaski ifanelekile, efaka izipuni ezi-1, isigamu sesipuni soju lwezinyosi neqanda elilodwa. Isifihla-mhlophe sanoma iluphi uhlobo lwesikhumba siqukethe uhhafu wengilazi yejusi yesanqante, ithisipuni eli-2 lesitashi samazambane nengxenye yesikhuphasha samaqanda eluhlaza, efakwe imizuzu engama-2 futhi yagezwa ngendlela ephikisayo - kwesinye isikhathi ngamanzi abandayo noma ashisayo.
  • Imaski yezinwele nokhakhayi ene-vitamin D… Izifihla-buso ezinjalo ngokuvamile zihlanganisa iqanda noma isikhuphasha seqanda. Isibonelo, i-mask isetshenziselwa ukukhula kwezinwele, okuhlanganisa isipuni esingu-1 sejusi kalamula, isipuni esingu-1 sejusi ka-anyanisi kanye ne-yolk yeqanda elingu-1 - isetshenziswe kanye ngesonto amahora angu-1 ngaphambi kokugeza izinwele zakho. Ngezinwele ezomile, imaski enezikhupha zamaqanda ezi-2, izipuni ezi-2 zamafutha e-burdock kanye nezipuni ezimbili ze-calendula tincture zifanelekile. Imaski enomsoco yezinwele ezincishisiwe - isipuni esingu-2 samafutha e-burdock, isikhuphasha seqanda esingu-1, isipuni esingu-1 soju, isipuni esingu-1 sika-anyanisi kanye nezipuni ezimbili zensipho ewuketshezi (sebenzisa le mask ihora noma amabili ngaphambi kokugeza izinwele zakho). Ukuze uqinise izimpande zezinwele futhi ulahle i-dandruff, sebenzisa imaskhi kusuka ekufakweni kwezipuni ezi-1 zamaqabunga ochotshoziwe, isipuni esingu-2 sejusi nesikhupha seqanda. Amaski asebenzayo ngokumelene nokulahleka kwezinwele imaski yesinamoni (iqanda elingu-2, izipuni eziyi-1 zikawoyela we-burdock, isipuni esingu-2 sesinamoni yomhlabathi kanye ne-1 ithisipuni yoju; hlambulula ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-2) kanye nesifihla-buso esinamafutha we-sunflower (isipuni esingu-1 samafutha ka-sunflower no-1 i-yolk, igezwe ngemva kwemizuzu engu-15). Okunye futhi okuwusizo ekuqiniseni nasekukhanyeni kwezinwele imaski enesipuni esingu-1 soju, isipuni esingu-1 samafutha we-castor, isikhuphasha esingu-40 nesipuni esingu-1 se-brandy. Ukuze ubuyisele izinwele ezomile nezilimele, sebenzisa imaski enezikhupha ezi-1, isipuni esingu-1 samafutha e-hazelnut kanye nethonsi lamafutha abalulekile kalamula.

Ukusetshenziswa kukavithamini D ekufuyeni izilwane

Ngokungafani nabantu, amakati, izinja, amagundane nezinkukhu kumele zithole uvithamini D ekudleni, ngoba isikhumba sazo asikwazi ukuzikhiqiza sisodwa. Umsebenzi waso omkhulu emzimbeni wesilwane ukugcina ukuthanjiswa kwamathambo okujwayelekile nokukhula kwamathambo, ukulawula indlala ye-parathyroid, ukuzivikela komzimba, imetabolism yezakhi zomzimba ezahlukahlukene nokuvikela umdlavuza. Kufakazelwe ngocwaningo ukuthi izinja azikwazi ukwelashwa ama-rickets ngokuzibeka emisebeni ye-ultraviolet. Ngokuthuthuka okujwayelekile, ukukhula, ukuzala, ukudla kwamakati nezinja kufanele futhi kuqukathe inani eliphakeme ngokwanele le-calcium ne-phosphorus, esiza umzimba ukuthi uhlanganise uvithamini D.

Kodwa-ke, ngoba ukudla okungokwemvelo kuqukethe amanani aphansi ale vithamini, ukudla okuningi kwesilwane okulungiselelwe ukuthengisa kuqiniswa ngokwenziwa. Ngakho-ke, ukuntuleka kukavithamini D ezifuyweni akuvamile kakhulu. Izingulube nezilwane ezikhanyayo azidingi ukuthola ivithamini ekudleni, inqobo nje uma zivezwa yilanga isikhathi esanele. Izinyoni eziphinde zivezwe yimisebe ye-UV isikhathi eside zingakhiqiza uvithamini D othile, kepha ukugcina impilo yamathambo namandla egobolondo leqanda, uvithamini kufanele unikezwe ngokudla. Ngokuqondene nezinye izilwane, okuyi-carnivores, kukholakala ukuthi zingathola uvithamini D owanele ngokudla amanoni, igazi nesibindi.

Sebenzisa ekukhiqizeni izilimo

Ngenkathi ukufaka umanyolo emhlabathini kungathuthukisa ukukhula kwezitshalo, izithako zokudla ezihloselwe ukusetshenziswa kwabantu, njenge-calcium noma uvithamini D, kukholakala ukuthi azihlonzi kahle ezitshalweni. Izakhi zomzimba eziyinhloko yi-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium. Amanye amaminerali, njenge-calcium, ayadingeka ngamanani amancane, kepha izitshalo zisebenzisa uhlobo oluhlukile lwe-calcium kusuka kwizithasiselo. Inkolelo evamile ukuthi izitshalo azimunci uvithamini D enhlabathini noma emanzini. Ngasikhathi sinye, kunezifundo ezithile ezizimele ezikhombisa ukuthi ukwengeza uvithamini D emanzini izitshalo eziniselwa kuyosheshisa ukukhula kwawo (njengoba uvithamini esiza izimpande zimunce i-calcium).

Amaqiniso Okuthakazelisayo

  • Ngo-2016, inkampani yomshuwalense wakwaDaman yakha isembozo sikamagazini esingavamile ukudonsela ukunakekela odabeni olubaluleke njengokuntuleka kukavithamini D. Umbhalo owawukuyo wawusetshenziswa ngopende okhethekile ozwela ukukhanya. Futhi ukuze bakubone, abantu kwakudingeka baphumele ngaphandle, bafune ukukhanya kwelanga, ngaleyo ndlela bathole ingxenye ethile yale vithamini.
  • Imisebe yelanga, esiza ukuhlanganisa uvithamini D esikhunjeni, ayikwazi ukungena engilazini - ngenxa yalesi sizathu, mancane amathuba okuthi sikwazi ukushisa ilanga emotweni, endlini noma embhedeni wokushuka.
  • Ukhilimu we-sunscreen, noma unesici se-sunscreen 8, ungavimba ukukhiqizwa kwamavithamini D angama-95%. Ukushoda kukavithamini D kungenzeka, ngakho-ke isikhathi esincane ngaphandle ngaphandle kwesikrini selanga sizuzisa kakhulu empilweni yakho yonke.
  • Ucwaningo lomtholampilo oluvela e-University of Minnesota luthole ukuthi abantu abaqale ukudla okunamavithamini D amaningi bakwazile ukwehlisa isisindo ngokushesha futhi kulula kunabantu abanokushoda kukavithamini D, yize womabili la maqembu adla ukudla okulinganiselwe okunekhalori eliphansi.
  • IVitamin D ihlukile ngoba ayisetshenziswa emzimbeni njengamavithamini amaningi. Eqinisweni, kungenzeka ukuthi kubhekiswe kuwo njengamahomoni. UVitamin D ubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi empeleni ulawula ukusebenza kwezakhi zofuzo ezingaphezu kwama-200 - kaningi ukwedlula noma yiliphi elinye uvithamini.

Ukungafani nokuxwayiswa

Izimpawu Zokushoda Kukavithamini D

Imolekyuli ka vithamini D izinze kahle. Amaphesenti amancane alo abhujiswa ngesikhathi sokupheka, futhi uma umkhiqizo uvezwa isikhathi eside ekushiseni, kulahlekelwa uvithamini owengeziwe. Ngakho-ke, uma amaqanda abilayo, ngokwesibonelo, kulahleka u-15%, lapho uthosa - 20%, futhi lapho ubhaka imizuzu engama-40, silahlekelwa ngu-60% kavithamini D.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko kavithamini D ukugcina i-calcium homeostasis, ebalulekile ekukhuleni, ekukhuleni nasekulondolozeni amathambo anempilo. Ngokushoda kukavithamini D, akunakwenzeka ukuthola ukumuncwa okuphelele kwe-calcium nokwanelisa izidingo zomzimba. I-Vitamin D iyadingeka ukuze kumuncwe i-calcium ekudleni okusebenzayo kusuka emathunjini. Izimpawu zokushoda kukavithamini D kwesinye isikhathi kunzima ukuzibona futhi zingafaka ukukhathala okujwayelekile nobuhlungu. Abanye abantu abazibonisi izimpawu nhlobo. Kodwa-ke, kunezinkomba eziningi ezijwayelekile ezingakhombisa ukungabi bikho kukavithamini D emzimbeni:

  • izifo ezithathelwanayo njalo;
  • ubuhlungu emuva nangethambo;
  • ukucindezeleka;
  • ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda eside;
  • ukulahleka kwezinwele;
  • ubuhlungu bemisipha.

Uma ukuntuleka kukavithamini D kuqhubeka isikhathi eside, kungaholela ku:

  • ;
  • isifo sikashukela;
  • umfutho wegazi ophakeme;
  • i-fibromyalgia;
  • ukukhathala okungamahlalakhona;
  • ukukhumuzeka kwamathambo;
  • izifo ezingenayo i-neurodegenerative njenge.

Ukushoda kukavithamini D kungaba ngesinye sezizathu zokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza webele, webele wesinye nowe-colon.

Izimpawu zevithamini D eyeqile

Yize ukwengezelwa kukavithamini D kuhamba ngaphandle kwezinkinga kubantu abaningi, kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka ukweqisa ngokweqile. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi yi-vitamin D toxicity. Ubuthi bukaVitamin D, uma bungaba yingozi, buvame ukuvela uma ngabe uphuze ama-40 IU ngosuku izinyanga eziningi noma ngaphezulu, noma uma uthathe umthamo owodwa omkhulu kakhulu.

Ukweqa okungama-25 (OH) D kungakhula uma:

  • kuthathe ngaphezu kwe-10 IU ngosuku nsuku zonke izinyanga eziyi-000 noma ngaphezulu. Kodwa-ke, uvithamini D ubuthi kungenzeka ukhule uma uthatha ama-3 IU ngosuku nsuku zonke izinyanga ezingama-40 noma ngaphezulu;
  • bathathe ngaphezu kwe-300 IU emahoreni wokugcina we-000.

UVitamin D uncibilikiswa ngamafutha, okusho ukuthi kunzima emzimbeni ukuthi uwususe uma kufakwa kakhulu. Kulokhu, isibindi sikhiqiza ikhemikhali eningi kakhulu ebizwa nge-25 (OH) D. Uma amazinga ephezulu kakhulu, amazinga aphezulu e-calcium egazini angakhula (hypercalcemia).

Izimpawu ze-hypercalcemia zifaka:

  • isimo sempilo esingesihle;
  • ukungathandi ukudla noma ukungafuni ukudla;
  • ukuzizwa womile;
  • ukuchama njalo;
  • ukuqunjelwa noma uhudo;
  • ubuhlungu besisu;
  • ubuthakathaka bemisipha noma ubuhlungu bemisipha;
  • ubuhlungu bamathambo;
  • ukudideka;
  • ngizizwe ngikhathele.

Kwezinye izifo ezingavamile, i-hypercalcemia ingakhula noma ngabe amazinga kavithamini D aphansi. Lezi zifo zifaka phakathi i-hyperparathyroidism eyinhloko, i-sarcoidosis, nezinye izifo ezimbalwa ezingavamile.

U-Vitamin D kufanele athathwe ngokuqapha izifo ezifana nokuvuvukala kwe-granulomatous - kulezi zifo, umzimba awulawuli inani levithamini D eliyisebenzisayo nokuthi yiliphi izinga le-calcium egazini elidinga ukuligcina. Izifo ezinjalo yi-sarcoidosis, isifo sofuba, uchoko, i-coccidioidomycosis, i-histoplasmosis, isifo se-cat scratch, i-paracoccidioidomycosis, i-granuloma annular. Kulezi zifo, uvithamini D unikezwa udokotela kuphela futhi uthathwa ngokuqinile ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwezokwelapha. UVitamin D uthathwa ngokunakekelwa okukhulu e-lymphoma.

Ukusebenzelana neminye imikhiqizo yokwelapha

Izithako ze-Vitamin D zingasebenzisana nezinhlobo eziningana zemithi. Izibonelo ezimbalwa zikhonjisiwe ngezansi. Abantu abathatha le mithi njalo kufanele baxoxe ngokuxhaswa kwe-vitamin D nabahlinzeki bokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Izidakamizwa ze-Corticosteroid ezifana ne-prednisone, enikezwe ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala, inganciphisa ukumuncwa kwe-calcium futhi iphazamise umzimba we-vitamin D. Le miphumela ingaphinde ibe nomthelela ekulahlekelweni kwethambo nase-osteoporosis. Eminye imishanguzo yokwehlisa isisindo nokwehlisa i-cholesterol inganciphisa ukumuncwa kukavithamini D. Izidakamizwa ezilawula ukubamba komzimba zandisa umzimba wesibindi futhi zinciphise ukumuncwa kwe-calcium.

Siqoqe amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu ngevithamini D kulo mfanekiso futhi sizojabula uma wabelana ngesithombe kwinethiwekhi yokuxhumana noma kubhulogi, ngesixhumanisi saleli khasi:

Imithombo yolwazi
  1. Izindlela Ezimangazayo Zokuthola Uvithamini D Omningi,
  2. Ukudla Okunothile Okune-Vitamin D,
  3. Imininingwane yolwakhiwo lwe-USDA,
  4. Izincomo Zokudla kukaVitamin D,
  5. Amanani aphezulu kavithamini D anciphisa ngokushesha ukuqina kwemithambo emzimbeni ngokweqile / okhuluphele ngokweqile, onamavithamini ase-Afrika-aseMelika,
  6. Izithako ze-Vitamin D zinganciphisa izimpawu ezibuhlungu ze-IBS,
  7. Ukushoda kwe-vitamin D okusabalele kungenzeka ngenxa yokusebenzisa i-sunscreen, ukwanda kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona, ukutholwa kokubuyekeza,
  8. Amazinga aphansi kavithamini D lapho ezalwa axhumene nengozi ephezulu ye-autism,
  9. Ukugcina amazinga kavithamini D anele kungasiza ukuvimbela isifo samathambo,
  10. I-vitamin D eyanele lapho isencane ihlotshaniswa nengozi ephansi yokuzivikela okuhlobene nesifo sikashukela,
  11. Uvithamini D uvikela imikhuhlane nemikhuhlane, uthola ucwaningo olukhulu lomhlaba,
Ukuphrinta kwezinto

Ukusetshenziswa kwanoma iyiphi into ngaphandle kwemvume yethu ebhaliwe akuvunyelwe.

Imithetho yokuphepha

Abaphathi ababophezelekile kunoma imuphi umzamo wokusebenzisa noma iyiphi iresiphi, iseluleko noma ukudla, futhi futhi akuqinisekisi ukuthi imininingwane ebekiwe izokusiza noma ikulimaze wena uqobo. Hlakanipha futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi uthintane nodokotela ofanele!

Funda futhi ngamanye amavithamini:

shiya impendulo