I-Vitamin C - Ukudla Okunempilo Eduze Kwami

Igama lomhlaba jikelele - Vitamin C, L-ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid.

Incazelo jikelele

Kuyinto edingekayo ekuhlanganisweni kwe-collagen kanye nesici esibalulekile sezicubu ezixhuma, amaseli egazi, imisipha, imisipha, uqwanga, izinsini, isikhumba, amazinyo namathambo. Isici esibalulekile ku-cholesterol metabolism. I-antioxidant esebenza kahle kakhulu, isiqinisekiso somoya omuhle, amasosha omzimba anempilo, amandla namandla.

I-vithamini encibilikiswa ngamanzi eyenzeka ngokwemvelo ekudleni okuningi, ingangezelelwa ngokwabo, noma idliwe njengesengezo sokudla. Abantu, ngokungafani nezilwane eziningi, abakwazi ukukhiqiza ivithamini C bebodwa, ngakho-ke kuyinto ebalulekile ekudleni.

Umlando

Ukubaluleka kukavithamini C kuye kwaqashelwa ngokwesayensi ngemuva kwamakhulu eminyaka ukwehluleka nokugula okubulalayo. (isifo esihambisana nokuntuleka kukavithamini C) sahlupha isintu okweminyaka, kwaze kwaba sekuzanywa ekugcineni ukusilapha. Iziguli zivame ukuhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nokuqubuka, izinsini ezikhululekile, ukopha okuningi, ukubola, ukudangala, nokukhubazeka okuyingxenye.

400 BC UHippocrates waba ngowokuqala ukuchaza izimpawu zescurvy.
Ubusika buka-1556 - kwakukhona ubhadane lwesifo olwalugubuzele lonke elaseYurophu. Bambalwa ababazi ukuthi lokhu kubheduka kwadalwa ukushoda kwezithelo nemifino ngalezi zinyanga zasebusika. Yize lesi bekuyisinye sezifo zokuqala zesifo soqweqwe esirekhodiwe, alwenziwanga ucwaningo oluningi lokwelapha lesi sifo. UJacques Cartier, umhloli wamazwe owaziwayo, waphawula ngentshisekelo yokufuna ukwazi ukuthi amatilosi akhe, ayedla amawolintshi, amalimu kanye namajikijolo, awatholanga isifo soqhuqho, nalabo ababephethwe yilesi sifo bayalulama.
Ngo-1747, uJames Lind, udokotela waseBrithani, waqala ukuthola ukuthi kunobudlelwano obuqondile phakathi kokudla nesimo se-scurvy. Ukufakazela lokho akushoyo, wethula ujusi kalamula kulabo abatholakale benawo. Ngemuva kwemithamo eminingana, iziguli zelashwa.
Ngo-1907, ucwaningo lwabonisa ukuthi lapho izingulube ze-Guinea (esinye sezilwane ezimbalwa ezingathola lesi sifo) zitheleleke ngesifo soqweqwe, imithamo eminingana kavithamini C yabasiza ukuthi balulame ngokuphelele.
Ku-1917, kwenziwa ucwaningo lwezinto eziphilayo ukukhomba izindawo zokudla eziphikisayo.
Ngo-1930 u-Albert Szent-Gyorgyi wakufakazela lokho i-hyaluronic acid, ayikhipha kwizindlala zezingulube ze-adrenal ngo-1928, inesakhiwo esifana ncamashi novithamini C, akwazi ukuwuthola ngobuningi kupelepele wensimbi.
Ngo-1932, ocwaningweni lwabo oluzimele, uHeworth noKing basungula ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kukavithamini C.
Ngo-1933, kwenziwa umzamo wokuqala ophumelelayo wokuhlanganisa i-ascorbic acid, efana ncamashi novithamini C wemvelo - isinyathelo sokuqala sokukhiqiza ivithamini ezimbonini kusukela ngo-1935.
Ngo-1937, uHeworth noSzent-Gyorgyi bathola umklomelo weNobel ngocwaningo lwabo ngovithamini C.
Kusukela ngo-1989, umthamo ophakanyisiwe we-vitamin C ngosuku usungulwe futhi namuhla kwanele ukunqoba ngokuphelele i-scurvy.

Ukudla okunothile kuka-Vitamin C

Kuboniswe ukutholakala okulinganiselwa ku-100 g womkhiqizo

Iklabishi eligobile

120 µg

Ama-peas eqhwa 60 mg

+ Ukudla okungaphezulu okungama-20 okunothe ku-vitamin C:
Ama-Strawberries	58.8	Iklabishi yaseShayina	45	ama-gooseberries	27.7	Amazambane aluhlaza	19.7
iwolintshi	53.2	i-Mango	36.4	I-Mandarin	26.7	Ikhabe lezinyosi	18
Ilamuna	53	ubhamubhamu	34.4	Okusajingijolo	26.2	Basil	18
Ukholifulawa	48.2	eluhlaza	29.1	Blackberry	21	Utamatisi	13.7
Uphayinaphu	47.8	Isipinashi	28.1	I-Lingonberry	21	aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka	9.7

Imfuneko yansuku zonke yevithamini C

Ngo-2013, i-European Scientific Committee on Nutrition yathi izidingo ezijwayelekile zokutholwa kukavithamini C onempilo zingama-90 mg / ngosuku kwabesilisa no-80 mg / ngosuku kwabesifazane. Inani elifanele labantu abaningi litholakele ukuthi licishe libe yi-110 mg / ngosuku labesilisa kanye nama-95 mg / ngosuku lwabesifazane. Lawa mazinga ayenele, ngokusho kweqembu lochwepheshe, ukulinganisa ukulahleka komzimba kwe-vitamin C kanye nokugcina ukugxila kwe-plasma ascorbate plasma okungaba ngu-50 μmol / L.

Ubudala	Abesilisa (mg ngosuku)	Abesifazane (mg ngosuku)
0-6 izinyanga	40	40
7-12 izinyanga	50	50
iminyaka 1-3	15	15
iminyaka 4-8	25	25
iminyaka 9-13	45	45
iminyaka 14-18	75	65
Iminyaka engu-19 nangaphezulu	90	75
Ukukhulelwa (iminyaka engu-18 nangaphansi)		80
Ukukhulelwa (iminyaka engu-19 nangaphezulu)		85
Ukuncelisa ibele (iminyaka engu-18 nangaphansi)		115
Ukuncelisa ibele (iminyaka engu-19 nangaphezulu)		120
Ababhemayo (abaneminyaka engu-19 ubudala nangaphezulu)	125	110

Ukudla okunconywayo kwababhemayo kungama-35 mg / ngosuku ngaphezulu kunabantu abangabhemi ngoba bachayeka ekucindezelekeni okwandayo kwe-oxidative kusuka kubuthi obusentuthu kagwayi futhi ngokuvamile banamazinga aphansi wevithamini C egazini.

Isidingo sevithamini C siyanda:

Ukushoda kuka-Vitamin C kungenzeka lapho inani lithathwa ngaphansi kwezinga elinconyiwe, kepha alanele ukubanga ukuntuleka okuphelele (cishe i-10 mg / usuku). Abantu abalandelayo kungenzeka babe sengozini yokushoda kukavithamini C:

ababhemayo (abakhuthele nabangenzi lutho);
izingane ezidla ubisi lwebele olunamathiseli noma olubilisiwe;
abantu abanokudla okulinganiselwe okungafaki izithelo nemifino eyanele;
abantu abane-malabsorption enamandla emathunjini, i-cachexia, izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza, ukwehluleka kwezinso ngesikhathi se-hemodialysis engapheli;
abantu abahlala endaweni engcolisiwe;
lapho uphulukisa amanxeba;
lapho uthatha izinto zokuvimbela inzalo ngomlomo.

Isidingo sikavithamini C naso siyanda ngokucindezeleka okukhulu, ukungalali, i-SARS nomkhuhlane, izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.

Izakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali

I-Empirical Formula kaVithamini C - C₆Р₈О₆… Yimpuphu ecwebezelayo, emhlophe noma ephuzi kancane ngombala, cishe ayinaphunga futhi imuncu kakhulu ekunambithekeni. Ukushisa okuncibilikayo - 190 degrees Celsius. Izithako ezisebenzayo zevithamini, njengomthetho, zibhujiswa ngenkathi ukwelashwa kokushisa kokudla, ikakhulukazi uma kunemikhakha yezinsimbi ezifana nethusi. UVitamin C angabhekwa njengongazinzile kunawo wonke amavithamini ancibilikiswa ngamanzi, kepha noma kunjalo uyasinda emakhazeni. Iyancibilika kalula emanzini nase-methanol, ihlanganisa kahle i-oxidize, ikakhulukazi lapho kukhona ama-ion ensimbi asindayo (ithusi, i-iron, njll.). Lapho uthintana nomoya nokukhanya, iba mnyama kancane. Uma kungekho umoya-mpilo, ingamelana namazinga okushisa aze afike ku-100 ° C.

Amavithamini ancibilikiswa ngamanzi, kufaka phakathi uvithamini C, ancibilika emanzini futhi awafakwa emzimbeni. Zikhishwe emchameni, ngakho-ke sidinga ukunikezwa ngamavithamini njalo ngaphandle. Amavithamini ancibilika emanzini abhujiswa kalula ngesikhathi kugcinwa noma kulungiswa ukudla. Ukugcinwa ngendlela efanele nokusetshenziswa kunganciphisa ukulahleka kukavithamini C. Isibonelo, ubisi nezinhlamvu kudingeka kugcinwe endaweni emnyama, futhi amanzi lapho kwakuphekwa khona imifino kungasetshenziswa njengesisekelo sesobho.

Sincoma ukuthi uzijwayeze ngohlu lwe-Vitamin C ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Kunemikhiqizo engaphezu kuka-30,000 ehambisana nemvelo, izintengo ezikhangayo nokukhushulwa okuvamile, okungaguquki Isaphulelo esingu-5% esinekhodi yephromo CGD4899, ukuthunyelwa kwamahhala emhlabeni wonke kuyatholakala.

Izici ezizuzisayo zikavithamini C

Njengamanye ama-micronutrients amaningi, i-vitamin C inemisebenzi eminingi. Inamandla futhi i-cofactor yokusabela okubalulekile okuningana. Idlala indima ebalulekile ekwakheni i-collagen, into eyenza ingxenye enkulu yamalunga ethu nesikhumba. Njengoba umzimba ungeke ukwazi ukuzilungisa ngaphandle kwe-collagen, ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda kuncike enanini elanele likavithamini C - yingakho esinye sezimpawu zesikhwehlela yizilonda ezivulekile ezingapholi. U-Vitamin C ubuye usize umzimba ukuthi umunce futhi usebenzise (yingakho i-anemia ingaba uphawu lwe-scurvy, ngisho nakubantu abadla i-iron eyanele).

Ngokungeziwe kulezi zinzuzo, i-vitamin C iyi-antihistamine: ivimba ukukhishwa kwe-neurotransmitter histamine, nayo ebangela ukuvuvukala ekuphenduleni komzimba. Kungakho isikhumba ngokuvamile siza nokuqubuka, futhi kungani ukuthola uvithamini C owanele kusiza ekunciphiseni ukungezwani komzimba.

Uvithamini C uphinde uxhunyaniswe nezinye izifo ezingathathelani ezifana nesifo senhliziyo, ngisho. Ucwaningo luthole ukuxhumana phakathi kukavithamini C nokwehla kwengozi yesifo senhliziyo. Ukuhlaziywa okuningana kwe-meta-kwezivivinyo zomtholampilo we-vitamin C kubonise ukuthuthuka kokusebenza kwe-endothelial kanye nomfutho wegazi. Amazinga aphezulu kavithamini C egazini anciphisa ubungozi bokukhula ngo-42%.

Muva nje, abezokwelapha sebenentshisekelo ezinzuzweni ezingenzeka zevithamini C emithanjeni yokugcina izinga lempilo ezigulini ezithola i-chemotherapy. Ukwehla kwamazinga kavithamini C ezicutshini zeso kuhlotshaniswe nengozi eyengeziwe yokwenzeka, okuvame kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunobufakazi bokuthi abantu abadla inani elanele likavithamini C basengozini ephansi yokuhlaselwa ngamathambo. UVitamin C ubuye abe namandla kakhulu ekulweni nobuthi bomthofu, okungenzeka ukuthi uvimbela ukumuncwa kwawo emathunjini nokusiza ukuphuma komchamo.

I-European Scientific Committee on Nutrition, enikeza izeluleko zesayensi kubenzi bezinqubomgomo, iqinisekisile ukuthi intuthuko enkulu kwezempilo ibonakele kubantu abathathe uvithamini C. I-Ascorbic acid ifaka isandla:

ukuvikelwa kwezakhi zamaseli kusuka ku-oxidation;
ukwakheka okuvamile kwe-collagen nokusebenza kwamaseli egazi, isikhumba, amathambo, uqwanga, izinsini namazinyo;
ukwenza ngcono ukumuncwa kwensimbi emithonjeni yezitshalo;
ukusebenza okuvamile kwamasosha omzimba;
umzimba ojwayelekile osebenzisa amandla amaningi;
ukugcina ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwamasosha omzimba ngesikhathi nangemva kokuzivocavoca umzimba okukhulu;
ukuvuselelwa kohlobo olulula lwevithamini E;
isimo esivamile sengqondo;
ukunciphisa umuzwa wokukhathala nokukhathala.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Pharmacokinetic kukhombisile ukuthi ukugxila kwe-plasma C okulawulwa yizinqubo ezintathu eziyinhloko: ukumuncwa kwamathumbu, ukuthuthwa kwezicubu, nokubuyiselwa kabusha kwezinso. Ngokuphendula ukwanda kwamanani kavithamini C omlomo, ukugxila kukavithamini C ku-plasma kukhuphuka kakhulu ngemithamo kusuka ku-30 kuye ku-100 mg / ngosuku futhi kufinyelela ekugxileni okuqinile (kusuka ku-60 kuye ku-80 μmol / L) ngemithamo kusuka kuma-200 kuya ku-400 mg / ngosuku ngosuku kubantu abasha abanempilo. Ukusebenza kahle kokumunca amaphesenti ayikhulu kubonakala ngokudla ngomlomo kukavithamini C ngemithamo efinyelela ku-200 mg ngasikhathi. Ngemuva kokuthi izinga le-ascorbic acid lifinyelele ekugcwaliseni, uvithamini C owengeziwe ukhishwa kakhulu emchameni. Ngokuphawulekile, uvithamini C ofakwa emithanjeni udlula ukulawulwa kokufakwa kokufakwa emathunjini ukuze kufinyelelwe ukugxila okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-plasma kwe-ascorbic acid; ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukukhishwa kwezinso kubuyisela uvithamini C emazingeni ayisisekelo e-plasma.

Vitamin C wemikhuhlane

Uvithamini C ubamba iqhaza elibalulekile kumasosha omzimba, aqala ukusebenza lapho umzimba uhlangabezana nezifo. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-prophylactic yamaphilisi we-vitamin C ≥200 mg kunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi seziqephu ezibandayo: ezinganeni, isikhathi sezimpawu ezibandayo sehliswe cishe ngo-14%, kanti kubantu abadala sehliswe ngo-8%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo olwenziwe eqenjini labagijimi be-marathon, abagibeli bamabhayisikili kanye namasosha abaqeqesha e-Arctic kukhombisile ukuthi imithamo ye-vitamin kusuka ku-250 mg / ngosuku iye ku-1 g / ngosuku yehlise izehlakalo zemikhuhlane ngama-50%. Izifundo eziningi zokuvimbela zisebenzise umthamo we-1 g / ngosuku. Lapho ukwelashwa kwaqalwa ekuqaleni kwezimpawu, ukwengezwa kukavithamini C akuzange kunciphise ubude besikhathi noma ubunzima besifo, noma ngemithamo esukela ku-1 kuye ku-4 g / ngosuku^[38].

I-Vitamin C imuncwa kanjani

Njengoba umzimba womuntu ungakwazi ukuhlanganisa uvithamini C, kufanele siwufake ekudleni kwethu kwansuku zonke. Uvithamini C wokudla osesimweni esincishisiwe se-ascorbic acid umuncwa ngezicubu zamathumbu, ngokusebenzisa amathumbu amancane, ngokuthutha okusebenzayo nokusabalalisa okwenziwe ngokusebenzisa i-SVCT 1 kanye ne-2 carriers.

I-Vitamin C ayidingi ukugaywa ngaphambi kokumuncwa. Ngokufanelekile, cishe i-80-90% yevithamini C edliwayo imuncwa emathunjini. Nokho, amandla okumunca kavithamini C ahlobene ngokuphambene nokudla; ithambekele ekufinyeleleni ukusebenza kahle kwama-80-90% ngokudla okuphansi kwevithamini, kodwa la maphesenti ehla ngokuphawulekayo ngokudla kwansuku zonke okungaphezu kwegremu elingu-1. Uma kubhekwa ukudla okuvamile okungama-30-180 mg / ngosuku, ukumuncwa ngokuvamile kuba ku-70-90% ububanzi, kodwa kukhuphukela ku-98% ngokudla okuphansi kakhulu (ngaphansi kuka-20 mg). Ngokuphambene, lapho kusetshenziswe ngaphezu kwe-1 g, ukumuncwa kuvame ukuba ngaphansi kwama-50%. Yonke le nqubo ishesha kakhulu; umzimba uthatha lokho okudingayo cishe emahoreni amabili, futhi phakathi namahora amathathu kuya kwamane ingxenye engasetshenzisiwe iyakhululwa egazini. Konke kwenzeka ngokushesha nakakhulu kubantu abaphuza utshwala noma ugwayi, kanye nasezimeni ezicindezelayo. Ezinye izinto eziningi nezimo zingandisa isidingo somzimba sikavithamini C: imfiva, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, ukuphuza ama-antibiotics, i-cortisone, i-aspirin nezinye izidambisi zinhlungu, imiphumela yobuthi (isibonelo, imikhiqizo kawoyela, i-carbon monoxide) nezinsimbi ezisindayo (for isibonelo, i-cadmium, i-lead, i-mercury).

Eqinisweni, ukuminyana kukavithamini C kumaseli amhlophe egazi kungaba ngama-80% we-vitamin C egazini le-plasma. Kodwa-ke, umzimba unamandla alinganiselwe okugcina uvithamini C. Izindawo zokugcina ezivame kakhulu (cishe ngama-30 mg) ,,, amehlo, futhi. U-Vitamin C uyatholakala, yize kungamanani amancane, esibindini, ubende, inhliziyo, izinso, amaphaphu, amanyikwe nemisipha. Ukugxila kwePlasma kukavithamini C kuyanda ngokwanda kokudla, kepha kuze kufike kumkhawulo othile. Noma ikuphi ukudla okungu-500 mg noma ngaphezulu kuvame ukukhishwa emzimbeni. Uvithamini C ongasetshenziswanga ukhishwa emzimbeni noma uqale uguqulwe ube yi-dehydroascorbic acid. Le oxidation yenzeka ikakhulukazi esibindini nasezinsweni. Uvithamini C ongasetshenzisiwe ukhishwa emchameni.

Ukusebenzisana nezinye izinto

UVitamin C ubamba iqhaza, kanye namanye ama-antioxidants, i-vitamin E ne-beta-carotene, ezinqubweni eziningi emzimbeni. Amazinga aphezulu kavithamini C akhulisa amazinga egazi amanye ama-antioxidants, futhi imiphumela yokwelashwa ibaluleke kakhulu uma isetshenziswa ngokuhlangana. IVitamin C ithuthukisa ukuzinza nokusetshenziswa kukavithamini E. Kodwa-ke, ingaphazamisa ukumuncwa kwe-selenium ngakho-ke kumele ithathwe ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene.

UVitamin C angavikela emiphumeleni eyingozi yokwengezwa kwe-beta-carotene kwababhemayo. Ababhemayo bavame ukuba namazinga aphansi kavithamini C, futhi lokhu kungaholela ekuqongeleleni uhlobo oluyingozi lwe-beta carotene olubizwa nge-free radical carotene, olwakhiwa lapho i-beta carotene isebenza ukuvuselela uvithamini E. Ababhemayo abathatha izithako ze-beta carotene futhi i-Vitamin C kufanele ithathwe .

UVitamin C usiza ekumungeni i-iron, esiza ukuyiguqula ibe yifomu encibilikayo. Lokhu kunciphisa amandla wezinto zokudla njengama-phytates ukwakha izakhiwo zensimbi ezingenakunyibilika. U-Vitamin C unciphisa ukumunca ithusi. Izithako ze-calcium ne-manganese zinganciphisa ukukhishwa kukavithamini C, kanti izithasiselo zikavithamini C zingakhuphula ukumunca kwe-manganese. I-Vitamin C ibuye isize ekwehliseni ukuphuma kanye nokushoda kwe-folate, okungaholela ekwandeni kokukhishwa. UVitamin C usiza ukuvikela emiphumeleni enobuthi ye-cadmium, ithusi, i-vanadium, i-cobalt, i-mercury ne-selenium.

Inhlanganisela yokudla yokumunca kangcono uvithamini C

UVitamin C usiza ukufaka insimbi equkethwe ku-.

Insimbi eparsley ithuthukisa ukumuncwa kukavithamini C kusuka kalamula.

Umphumela ofanayo uyabonakala lapho uhlanganiswa:

i-artichoke nopelepele:
isipinashi kanye nama-strawberry.

Uvithamini C kukalamula uthuthukisa umphumela wama-kakhetin etiyi eluhlaza.

Uvithamini C kutamatisi uhambisana kahle ne-fiber, amafutha anempilo, amaprotheni, ne-zinc okutholakala.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-broccoli (uvithamini C), ingulube namakhowe (imithombo ye-zinc) kunomphumela ofanayo.

Umehluko phakathi kovithamini C wemvelo nokwenziwa

Emakethe yokwengeza yokudla ekhula ngokushesha, uvithamini C ungatholakala ngezindlela eziningi, ngezimangalo ezahlukahlukene maqondana nokusebenza kwawo noma ukutholakala kwawo. Ukutholakala kwe-bioavailability kubhekisa ezingeni lapho umsoco (noma umuthi) utholakala kuzicubu okuhloselwe zona ngemuva kokuphathwa. I-L-ascorbic acid yemvelo nokwenziwa ifana ngokwamakhemikhali futhi akukho mehluko emsebenzini wabo wezinto eziphilayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukutholakala kokutholakala kwe-L-ascorbic acid emithonjeni yemvelo kungahluka kwe-biosynthesis ye-ascorbic acid yokwenziwa futhi akukho mehluko obalulekile emtholampilo obonwayo. Noma kunjalo, ukufaka uvithamini emzimbeni kusathandeka emithonjeni yemvelo, futhi izithako zokwenziwa kufanele zinqunywe ngudokotela. Uchwepheshe kuphela onganquma inani elidingekayo levithamini elidingwa ngumzimba. Futhi ngokudla ukudla okuphelele kwezithelo nemifino, singanikeza umzimba wethu ukutholakala okwanele kukavithamini C.

Ukusetshenziswa kukavithamini C emithini esemthethweni

UVitamin C ubalulekile emithini yendabuko. Odokotela bakunikeza ezimweni ezilandelayo:

nge-scurvy: 100-250 mg 1 noma izikhathi ezingu-2 ngosuku, izinsuku eziningana;
izifo ezibucayi zokuphefumula: 1000-3000 milligrams ngosuku;
ukuvimbela ukulimala ezinso ngesikhathi sezinqubo zokuxilonga ngama-ejenti wokuqhathanisa: ama-milligram angu-3000 anqunywe ngaphambi kwenqubo ye-coronary angiography, 2000 mg - kusihlwa ngosuku lwenqubo nama-milligram angama-2000 ngemuva kwamahora ayisishiyagalombili;
ukuvimbela inqubo yokuqina kwemithambo yegazi: uvithamini C okhishwa kancane kancane unqunywa ngesamba sama-250 mg kabili ngosuku, ngokuhlanganiswa no-90 mg kavithamini E. Ukwelashwa okunjalo kuvame ukuhlala cishe izinyanga ezingama-72;
nge-tyrosinemia ezinganeni ezingaphambi kwesikhathi: 100 mg;
ukunciphisa inani lamaprotheni emchameni ezigulini zohlobo lwesibili: ama-milligram ayi-1250 kavithamini C ngokuhlanganiswa nama-Units Amazwe Ngamazwe angama-680 kavithamini E, nsuku zonke inyanga;
ukuvikela ubunzima besifo esibuhlungu ezigulini ezinokuphuka kwamathambo esandla: 0,5 amagremu kavithamini C inyanga nenyanga.

Izithako ze-Vitamin C zingeza ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene:

I-Ascorbic acid - empeleni, igama elifanele likavithamini C. Leli yifomu elilula kakhulu futhi, kaningi, ngentengo ebiza kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bayaqaphela ukuthi ayilulungele uhlelo lwabo lokugaya ukudla futhi bakhetha ifomu elithambile noma elikhishwa emathunjini ngaphezu kwamahora amaningana futhi kunciphisa ubungozi bokuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla.
Uvithamini C onama-bioflavonoids - izinhlanganisela ze-polyphenolic, ezitholakala ekudleni okuphezulu ku-vitamin C. Zithuthukisa ukumuncwa kwayo lapho kuhlanganiswa ndawonye.
Ukukhuphuka kwamaminerali - compounds kancane acidic Kunconywa kubantu abaphethwe izinkinga emathunjini. Amaminerali lapho i-vitamin C ihlanganiswa khona yi-sodium, calcium, i-potassium, i-magnesium, i-zinc, i-molybdenum, i-chromium, i-manganese. Le mithi ivame ukubiza kakhulu kune-ascorbic acid.
U-Ester-C®… Le nguqulo kavithamini C iqukethe ikakhulukazi i-calcium ascorbate kanye ne-vitamin C metabolites, ekhulisa ukumuncwa kukavithamini C. U-Ester C ngokuvamile ubiza kakhulu kune-ascorbates yamaminerali.
I-Ascorbyl palmitate - i-antioxidant encibilikayo enamafutha evumela ukuthi ama-molecule angene kangcono ezingxenyeni zeseli.

Emakhemisi, ivithamini C itholakala ngesimo samathebulethi wokugwinya, amaphilisi angahlafunwayo, amaconsi okuphathwa ngomlomo, i-powder encibilikayo yokuphathwa ngomlomo, amaphilisi we-effervescent, i-lyophilisate yokulungiselela isisombululo somjovo (ngemithambo yegazi kanye nemisipha), isisombululo esenziwe ngomumo ngomjovo, amaconsi. Amathebulethi angahlaziyeki, amaconsi, kanye nama-powders avame ukutholakala ekunambithekeni okunesithelo kokunambitheka okulula. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kwenza kube lula ukuthi izingane zithathe uvithamini.

Ukusebenza kumuthi wesintu

Okokuqala, umuthi wendabuko ubheka uvithamini C njengomuthi omuhle kakhulu wemikhuhlane. Kunconywa ukuthatha isixazululo somkhuhlane kanye ne-ARVI, equkethe amalitha ayi-1,5 wamanzi abilisiwe, isipuni esingu-1 sikasawoti omuncu, ujusi welamula elilodwa ne-1 gram ye-ascorbic acid (phuza kungakapheli ihora elilodwa nohhafu kuya kwamabili). Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela zokupheka zabantu ziphakamisa ukusebenzisa ama-teas nge ,,. U-Vitamin C welulekwa ukuthi awuthathe ukuvikela umdlavuza - isibonelo, ukudla utamatisi ngamafutha omnqumo, ugarlic, upelepele, idile neparsley. Enye yemithombo ye-ascorbic acid yi-oregano, ekhonjiswe ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa, ukuqwasha, izifo, njenge-anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent.

Ucwaningo lwamuva lwesayensi ku-vitamin C

Ososayensi baseBrithani abavela eNyuvesi yaseSalford bathole ukuthi inhlanganisela kavithamini C (ascorbic acid) kanye ne-antibiotic doxycycline iyasebenza ekulweni namangqamuzana esiqu somdlavuza elabhorethri. UProfesa Michael Lisanti uyachaza: “Siyazi ukuthi amanye amangqamuzana omdlavuza aqala ukumelana nemithi phakathi nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali futhi siye sakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani. Sisola ukuthi amanye amaseli angashintsha umthombo wawo wokudla. Lokho wukuthi, lapho isakhi somzimba esisodwa singatholakali ngenxa yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, amaseli omdlavuza athola omunye umthombo wamandla. Inhlanganisela entsha ka-vitamin C ne-doxycycline inciphisa le nqubo, okwenza amaseli "alambe aze afe". Njengoba zombili lezi zinto zingenabo ubuthi ngokwazo, zingalinciphisa kakhulu inani lemiphumela emibi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-chemotherapy yendabuko.
I-Vitamin C ikhonjisiwe ukuthi iyasebenza ngokulwa ne-atrial fibrillation ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo. Ngokusho kwabaphenyi base-University of Helsinki, isibalo se-fibrillation ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ezigulini ezithathe uvithamini C sehle ngama-44%. Futhi, isikhathi esichithwa esibhedlela ngemuva kokuhlinzwa sehlile lapho uthatha uvithamini. Qaphela ukuthi imiphumela ibikhomba esimweni sokuphathwa kwemithambo ngomuthi emzimbeni. Lapho uthathwa ngomlomo, umphumela wawuphansi kakhulu.
Ucwaningo olwenziwe kumagundane elebhu nasekwenzeni amalungiselelo esiko lezicubu lukhombisa ukuthi ukuthatha uvithamini C kanye nemithi elwa nesifo sofuba kunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi senkambiso yokwelashwa. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa yashicilelwa ephephabhukwini i-Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ye-American Society for Microbiology. Ososayensi baphatha lesi sifo ngezindlela ezintathu - ngemithi elwa nesifo sofuba, kuphela ngo-vitamin C kanye nenhlanganisela yabo. Uvithamini C awunamphumela obonakalayo uwodwa, kodwa ngokuhlangana nezidakamizwa ezifana ne-isoniazid ne-rifampicin, kuthuthukise kakhulu isimo sezicubu ezinegciwane. Ukuhlwanyulwa kwamasiko wezicubu kwenzeka ngaphezulu kwerekhodi izinsuku eziyisikhombisa.
Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ukuzivocavoca kunconywa kakhulu lapho ukhuluphele, kepha, ngeshwa, abantu abangaphezu kwesigamu abasilandeli lesi seluleko. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo olwethulwe engqungqutheleni ye-14th International Endothelin lungaba yizindaba ezinhle kulabo abangathandi ukuzivocavoca. Njengoba kuvela, ukuthatha uvithamini C nsuku zonke kungaba nezinzuzo ezifanayo zenhliziyo nokuzivocavoca umzimba njalo. I-Vitamin C inganciphisa ukusebenza kweprotheni ye-ET-1, enikela ku-vasoconstriction futhi inyuse ingozi yesifo senhliziyo. Ukutholwa kwansuku zonke kwama-milligram angu-500 kavithamini C kutholakele ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwemithambo yegazi futhi kwehlise umsebenzi we-ET-1 kakhulu njengokuhamba kwansuku zonke.

Ukusetshenziswa kukavithamini C ku-cosmetology

Omunye wemiphumela eyinhloko ye-vitamin C, ehlonishwa ngayo ku-cosmetology, yikhono layo lokunikeza ubusha nokubukeka kwe-toned esikhumbeni. I-Ascorbic acid isiza ukunciphisa ama-radicals mahhala avuselela ukuguga kwesikhumba, abuyisele ibhalansi yomswakama futhi aqinise imibimbi. Uma ukhetha izingxenye ezifanele ze-mask, khona-ke i-vitamin C njengomkhiqizo wezimonyo (yombili imikhiqizo yemvelo kanye nefomu lokulinganisa) ingasetshenziswa kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesikhumba.

Isibonelo, amaski alandelayo afanele isikhumba esinamafutha:

ngobumba ne-kefir;
ngobisi nama-strawberry;
nge-cottage shizi, itiye elinamandla elimnyama, uvithamini C oketshezi, njll.

Isikhumba esomile sizophinda sibuyise ithoni yaso ngemuva kobuso:

nge, ushukela omncane, ijusi ye-kiwi futhi;
nge-kiwi, ubhanana, ukhilimu omuncu nobumba olubomvana;
ngamavithamini E no-C, uju, ubisi oluyimpuphu nejusi lewolintshi.

Uma unenkinga yesikhumba, ungazama izindlela zokupheka ezilandelayo:

imaski nge-cranberry puree noju;
nge-oatmeal, uju, uvithamini C nobisi oluhlanjululwe kancane ngamanzi.

Esikhumbeni esigugile imaski enjalo iyasebenza:

inhlanganisela yamavithamini C (ngohlobo lwempuphu) no-E (kusuka ku-ampoule);
i-blackberry puree ne-ascorbic acid powder.

Kufanele uqaphele ngamanxeba avulekile esikhunjeni, ukwakheka kwe-purulent, ne-rosacea, njll. Kulokhu, kungcono ukuyeka imaski enjalo. Amaski kufanele asetshenziswe esikhunjeni esihlanzekile nesishisayo, asetshenziswe ngokushesha ngemuva kokulungiselela (ukuvikela ukubhujiswa kwezakhi ezisebenzayo), futhi afake nesithambisi futhi angavezi isikhumba ekukhanyeni kwelanga ngemuva kokufaka amamaski nge-ascorbic acid.

I-vitamin C eyanele iyazuzisa ngesimo sezinwele ngokwenza ngcono ukujikeleza kwegazi esikhunjeni sezinwele neziphuzo zezinwele ezondlayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokudla ukudla okunothe ku-vitamin C, sisiza ukugcina ukubukeka okunempilo nokuhle kwamapuleti ezipikili, okubavimbela ekuncipheni nasekuqiniseni. Kanye noma kabili ngesonto, kuyasiza ukumanzisa ujusi kalamula, ozoqinisa izinzipho zakho.

Ukusetshenziswa kukavithamini C embonini

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nezakhiwo zikavithamini C kunikeza izinhlobonhlobo zezicelo zezimboni. Cishe ingxenye yesithathu yokukhiqizwa okuphelele isetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwamavithamini ekukhiqizeni imithi. Okunye kusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi njengezithasiselo zokudla kanye nezithasiselo zokudla ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi nokuzinza kwemikhiqizo. Ukuze isetshenziswe embonini yokudla, isithasiselo se-E-300 sikhiqizwa ngokwenziwa ku-glucose. Lokhu kukhiqiza impushana emhlophe noma ekhanyayo ephuzi, engenaphunga futhi emuncu ngokunambitheka, encibilika emanzini nasetshwaleni. I-ascorbic acid efakwe ekudleni ngesikhathi sokucubungula noma ngaphambi kokupakishwa ivikela umbala, ukunambitheka kanye nokuqukethwe kwezakhi. Ekukhiqizeni inyama, isibonelo, i-ascorbic acid inganciphisa kokubili inani le-nitrite eyengeziwe kanye nokuqukethwe okuphelele kwe-nitrite yomkhiqizo ophelile. Ukwengezwa kwe-ascorbic acid kufulawa kakolweni ezingeni lokukhiqiza kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezimpahla ezibhaka. Ukwengeza, i-ascorbic acid isetshenziselwa ukwandisa ukucaca kwewayini nobhiya, ukuvikela izithelo nemifino ekugcotshweni, kanye ne-antioxidant emanzini futhi ivikele ngokumelene ne-rancidity emafutheni namafutha.

Emazweni amaningi, kufaka phakathi awaseYurophu, i-ascorbic acid ayivunyelwe ukuthi isetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni inyama entsha. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezigcina umbala, ingadlulisa ukusha okungamanga enyameni. I-Ascorbic acid, usawoti wayo kanye ne-ascorbin palmitate izithasiselo zokudla eziphephile futhi zivunyelwe ekukhiqizeni ukudla.

Kwezinye izimo, i-ascorbic acid isetshenziswa embonini yezithombe ukwenza amafilimu.

Uvithamini C ekukhiqizeni izilimo

I-L-Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) ibaluleke kakhulu ezitshalweni njengoba ibalulekile nasezilwaneni. I-Ascorbic acid isebenza njenge-buffer enkulu ye-redox futhi njengengxenye eyengeziwe yama-enzyme abandakanyeka ekulawulweni kwe-photosynthesis, i-hormone biosynthesis, kanye nokuvuselelwa kwamanye ama-antioxidants. I-Ascorbic acid ilawula ukwehlukaniswa kwamaseli nokukhula kwezitshalo. Ngokungafani nendlela okuwukuphela kwayo ebhekele i-biosynthesis ye-ascorbic acid ezilwaneni, izitshalo zisebenzisa izindlela eziningana zokwenza i-ascorbic acid. Ngokunikezwa kokubaluleka kwe-ascorbic acid ekondleni komuntu, ubuchwepheshe obuningi benziwe ukukhulisa okuqukethwe kwe-ascorbic acid ezitshalweni ngokusebenzisa izindlela ze-biosynthetic.

U-Vitamin C kuma-chloroplast ezitshalo waziwa ukusiza ukuvimbela ukwehla kokukhula okutholwa yizitshalo lapho kuvezwa ukukhanya okukhulu. Izitshalo zithola uvithamini C empilweni yazo. Nge-mitochondria, njengempendulo yengcindezi, uvithamini C uyiswa kwezinye izitho zamangqamuzana, njengama-chloroplast, lapho edingeka khona njenge-antioxidant kanye ne-coenzyme ekuphenduleni komzimba okusiza ukuvikela isitshalo.

UVitamin C ekufuyweni kwezilwane

UVitamin C ubalulekile kuzo zonke izilwane. Abanye babo, kufaka phakathi abantu, izinkawu nezingulube zeginea, bathola ivithamini ngaphandle. Ezinye izilwane eziningi ezincelisayo, njengezilwane ezixoshayo, izingulube, amahhashi, izinja, namakati, zingakwazi ukuhlanganisa i-ascorbic acid ephuma ku-glucose esesibindi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni eziningi zingahlanganisa uvithamini C esibindini noma ezinso. Ngakho-ke, isidingo sokusetshenziswa kwaso asiqinisekisiwe ezilwaneni ezingakwazi ukuhlanganisa ngokuzimela i-ascorbic acid. Kodwa-ke, amacala e-scurvy, uphawu olujwayelekile lokushoda kukavithamini C, abikwe kumathole nasezinkomeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezikhazimulayo zingase zithambekele kakhulu ekushodeni kwamavithamini kunezinye izilwane lapho i-ascorbic acid synthesis ingasebenzi kahle ngoba uvithamini C wehliswa kalula e-rumen. I-Ascorbic acid isatshalaliswa kabanzi kuzo zonke izicubu, zombili ezilwaneni ezikwazi ukuhlanganisa uvithamini C nakulezo ezincike enanini elanele lamavithamini. Ezilwaneni ezihlolwayo, ubuningi bevithamini C butholakala kwizindlala ze-pituitary kanye ne-adrenal, amazinga aphezulu nawo atholakala esibindini, ubende, ubuchopho namanyikwe. UVitamin C naye uvame ukwenziwa abe sendaweni ezungeze amanxeba okuphulukisa. Izinga lazo ezicutshini liyancipha ngazo zonke izinhlobo zokuxineka. Ukucindezeleka kuvuselela i-biosynthesis yevithamini kulezo zilwane ezikwaziyo ukuzikhiqiza.

Amaqiniso Okuthakazelisayo

Uhlanga lwama-Inuit ludla izithelo nemifino embalwa kakhulu, kodwa abasitholi isikhwehlela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abakudlayo, njenge-seal meat ne-Arctic char (inhlanzi yomndeni wama-salmon), kune-vitamin C.
Okubalulekile okusetshenzisiwe ekukhiqizeni uvithamini C ngu noma. Ihlanganiswa ngezinkampani ezikhethekile bese iba yi-sorbitol. Umkhiqizo wokugcina omsulwa wenziwe nge-sorbitol ngemuva kochungechunge lwezinqubo ze-biotechnical, chemical processing kanye ne-purification.
Ngenkathi u-Albert Szent-Gyorgyi eqala ngokuhlukanisa u-vitamin C, ekuqaleni wayekubiza ngokuthi "engaziwa('shisa") Noma"Angazi-ini“Ushukela. Uvithamini kamuva wabizwa nge-Ascorbic acid.
Ngokwemvelo, umehluko kuphela phakathi kwe-ascorbic acid futhi yi-athomu eyodwa ye-oxygen eyengeziwe ku-citric acid.
I-citric acid isetshenziselwa ukunambitheka kwe-zest citrus eziphuzweni ezithambile (50% womkhiqizo womhlaba).

Ukungafani nokuxwayiswa

UVitamin C ubhujiswa kalula amazinga okushisa aphezulu. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi incibilika emanzini, le vithamini incibilika kuziphuzo zokupheka. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola inani eligcwele likavithamini C ekudleni, kunconywa ukuthi ukuwadle eluhlaza (isibonelo, ubhamabhele, ulamula, umango, iwolintshi, isipinashi, iklabishi, ama-strawberry) noma ngemuva kokwelashwa okuncane kokushisa (i-broccoli).

Izimpawu zokuqala zokushoda kukavithamini C emzimbeni ubuthakathaka nokukhathala, ubuhlungu emisipheni nasemalungeni, ukulimaza okusheshayo, ukuqubuka ngendlela yamabala amancane abomvu-luhlaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpawu zifaka phakathi isikhumba esomile, ukuvuvukala kwezinsini nezinsundu, ukopha, ukuphulukiswa kwezilonda ezinde, imikhuhlane ejwayelekile, ukuncipha kwamazinyo, nokuncipha komzimba.

Izincomo zamanje ukuthi imithamo kavithamini C engaphezulu kuka-2 g ngosuku kufanele igwenywe ukuvikela imiphumela emibi (ukuqunjelwa nohudo lwe-osmotic). Yize kukholakala ukuthi ukudla ngokweqile i-ascorbic acid kungaholela ezinkingeni eziningi (ngokwesibonelo, ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa, umdlavuza, isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, ukukhuphuka kwengcindezi ye-oxidative, amatshe ezinso), ayikho le miphumela emibi yezempilo eqinisekisiwe futhi ayikho ethembekile ubufakazi besayensi bokuthi inani elikhulu likavithamini C (kufika ku-10 g / ngosuku kubantu abadala) linobuthi noma alinampilo. Imiphumela emibi yamathumbu ngokuvamile ayibi kakhulu futhi imisa uma imithamo ephezulu kavithamini C incishisiwe. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ze-vitamin C eyeqile uhudo, isicanucanu, ubuhlungu besisu, nezinye izinkinga zamathumbu.

Imithi ethile inganciphisa izinga likavithamini C emzimbeni: izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo ngomlomo, imithamo ephezulu ye-aspirin. Ukutholwa ngasikhathi sinye kukavithamini C, E, beta-carotene kanye ne-selenium kungaholela ekwehleni kokusebenza kwezidakamizwa ezehlisa amazinga we-cholesterol namazinga e-niacin. UVitamin C ubuye ahlangane ne-aluminium, okuyingxenye yama-antiacid amaningi, ngakho-ke udinga ukuthatha ikhefu phakathi kokuwaphuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunobunye ubufakazi bokuthi i-ascorbic acid inganciphisa ukusebenza kwemithi ethile yomdlavuza futhi.

Siqoqe amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu ngevithamini C kulo mfanekiso futhi sizojabula uma wabelana ngesithombe kwinethiwekhi yokuxhumana noma kubhulogi, ngesixhumanisi saleli khasi:

Imithombo yolwazi

. Ishidi Leqiniso Labasebenzi Bezempilo,
Izinzuzo zikaVitamin C,
Umlando weVithamini C,
Umlando kavithamini C,
UMnyango Wezolimo wase-US,
Ukudla okungu-12 OkuneVitamin C Engaphezulu Kwamawolintshi,
Ukudla Okuphezulu Okuphezulu Kakhulu Ku-Vitamin C,
Ukudla Okuphezulu Kuka-Vitamin C Oku-39 Okufanele Kukufake Ekudleni Kwakho,
Izici zamakhemikhali nezomzimba ze-Ascorbic Acid,
Izakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali,
I-L-ASCORBIC ACID,
Amavithamini Ancibilika Kumanzi: I-B-Complex neVithamini,
Ukumuncwa kuka-Vitamin C nokugayeka kokudla,
KONKE NGEVITAMIN C,
Ama-Combos Okudla angama-20 Avimbela Umkhuhlane Ovamile, iMagicHealth
UVitamin C ekukhuthazeni ezempilo: Ucwaningo olusafufusa kanye nemithelela yezincomo ezintsha zokudla,
Ukusebenzisana kukaVitamin C nezinye izakhamzimba,
Ukutholakala Kwezinhlobo Ezihlukile Zamavithamini C (Ascorbic Acid),
IVITAMIN C ASCORBIC ACID DOSING,
Udidekile ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zikavithamini C?
Uvithamini C,
Uvithamini C kanye nemithi elwa namagciwane: Okukabili okubili '' kwamaseli omdlavuza akhishwa,
Uvithamini C unganciphisa ubungozi be-atrial fibrillation ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo,
Uvithamini C: Ukufakwa esikhundleni sokuvivinya umzimba?
Izimaski zobuso ezenziwe zaba novithamini C: izindlela zokupheka ezine- “ascorbic acid” ezivela kuma-ampoules, impuphu nezithelo
6 amavithamini azuzisa kakhulu ngezipikili
AMAVITAMINI AMAZIPHO,
Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokudla nezicelo,
Isengezo sokudla i-Ascorbic acid, L- (E-300), Belousowa
I-L-Ascorbic Acid: Ukukhula Nentuthuko Yezitshalo Ezisebenza Ngemisebenzi Ehlukahlukene,
Uvithamini C uzisiza kanjani izitshalo ukushaya ilanga,
Vitamin C. Izakhiwo kanye neMetabolism,
Vitamin C Nutrition in Izinkomo,
Imininingwane Ethakazelisayo Nge-Vitamin C,
Ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni kukaVitamin C,
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngevithamini C,
Amaqiniso Ayishumi Nambili Asheshayo Nge-Citric Acid, i-Ascorbic Acid, ne-Vitamin C,
Ukuncishiswa kwezifo,
Ngomkhuhlane nemikhuhlane,
U-Irina Chudaeva, uValentin Dubin. Ake sibuyise impilo elahlekile. I-Naturopathy. Ukupheka, izindlela nezeluleko zemithi yesintu.
IGolden Book: Ukupheka Kwabelaphi Besintu.
Ukushoda Kuka-Vitamin C,
Imithi yesifo sofuba isebenza kangcono nge-vitamin C,

Ukuphrinta kwezinto

Ukusetshenziswa kwanoma iyiphi into ngaphandle kwemvume yethu ebhaliwe akuvunyelwe.

Imithetho yokuphepha

Abaphathi ababophezelekile kunoma imuphi umzamo wokusebenzisa noma iyiphi iresiphi, iseluleko noma ukudla, futhi futhi akuqinisekisi ukuthi imininingwane ebekiwe izokusiza noma ikulimaze wena uqobo. Hlakanipha futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi uthintane nodokotela ofanele!

Vitamin C