Ivalvu ye-tricuspid (kusuka kwelesiLatini elithi cusp okusho iphoyinti lomkhonto, noma i-valve enamaphoyinti amathathu) iyivalvu etholakala ezingeni lenhliziyo, ehlukanisa i-atrium engakwesokudla ne-ventricle engakwesokudla.

Isikhundla. I-valve ye-tricuspid itholakala ezingeni lenhliziyo. Eyokugcina ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili, kwesokunxele nakwesokudla, ngayinye ine-ventricle ne-atrium. Ivalvu ye-tricuspid ihlukanisa i-atrium engakwesokudla ne-ventricle engakwesokudla (1).

Ukwakheka. Ivalvu ye-tricuspid ingahlukaniswa izingxenye ezimbili (2):

• I-valve, eyakhiwe indandatho ene-fibrous ezungeze i-valve namapheshana e-valve, asuka ezingeni lendandatho ene-fibrous futhi eyakhiwe ngokugoqeka kwe-endocardium (ungqimba lwangaphakathi lwenhliziyo) (1).
• Isistimu ye-subvalvular, eyenziwe ngezintambo ze-tendon nezinsika ezibizwa ngokuthi imisipha ye-papillary

Indlela yegazi. Igazi lizungeza ohlangothini olulodwa ngenhliziyo nesistimu yegazi. I-atrium engakwesokudla ithola igazi le-venous, okusho ukuthi i-oksijini empofu futhi ivela engxenyeni engenhla nephansi ye-vena cava. Leli gazi libe selidlula ku-valve ye-tricuspid ukuze lifinyelele ku-ventricle elungile. Ngaphakathi kokugcina, igazi libe selidlula ku-valve yamaphaphu ukuze lifinyelele esiqwini sephaphu. Lona wakamuva uzohlukana ube imithambo yamaphaphu kwesokudla nesobunxele ukuze ihlanganise amaphaphu (1).

Ukuvula / ukuvala valve. I-valve ye-tricuspid ivuleka ngokucindezelwa kwegazi ezingeni le-atrium engakwesokudla. Eyakamuva iyafinyela futhi ivumele igazi ukuthi lidlule kuvalvu ye-tricuspid liye ku-ventricle engakwesokudla (1). Uma i-ventricle engakwesokudla igcwele futhi ukucindezela kwanda, i-ventricle iyafinyela futhi ibangele ukuthi i-valve ye-tricuspid ivaleke. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kugcinwa kuvaliwe ngenxa yemisipha ye-papillary.

I-anti-reflux yegazi. Idlala indima ebalulekile ekudluleni kwegazi, i-valve ye-tricuspid iphinde ivimbele ukugeleza kwegazi kusuka ku-ventricle engakwesokudla kuya ku-atrium engakwesokudla (1).

Isifo senhliziyo se-Valvular sibhekisela kuwo wonke ama-pathologies athinta ama-valve enhliziyo. Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwalawa ma-pathologies kungaholela ekushintsheni kwesakhiwo senhliziyo ngokuvuleka kwe-atrium noma i-ventricle. Izimpawu zalawa ma-pathologies ikakhulukazi zingaba ukububula enhliziyweni, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, noma ukungakhululeki (3).

• Ukuntuleka kwe-Tricuspid. Le pathology ihlotshaniswa nokuvalwa kahle kwe-valve okuholela ekugelezeni kwegazi emuva ngase-atrium. Izimbangela zalesi simo zihlukahlukene futhi zingase ikakhulukazi zihlotshaniswe nesifo samathambo esibuhlungu kakhulu, ukukhubazeka okutholiwe noma kokuzalwa, noma ngisho nokutheleleka. Icala lokugcina lihambisana ne-endocarditis.
• Ukunciphisa i-Tricuspid. Okungavamile, lesi sifo se-valve sihambisana nokuvuleka okunganele kwe-valve evimbela igazi ukuba lihambe kahle. Izimbangela zihlukahlukene futhi zingase ikakhulukazi zihlobane ne-rheumatic fever, ukutheleleka noma i-endocarditis.

Ukwelashwa. Kuye ngesifo se-valve nokuqhubeka kwayo, izidakamizwa ezithile zingase zibekwe isibonelo ukuvimbela izifo ezithile ezifana ne-infective endocarditis. Lokhu kwelashwa kungabuye kucace futhi kuhloselwe izifo ezihlobene (4) (5).

Ukwelapha okuhlinzwa. Ezimweni eziphambili kakhulu zesifo se-valve, ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukwenziwa. Ukuhlinza kuhlanganisa ukulungisa ivalvu noma ukushintsha ivalvu ngokufakwa komshini wokufakelwa kwevalvu yebhayoloji (i-bio-prosthesis) (3).

Ukuhlolwa komzimba. Okokuqala, ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kwenziwa ukuze kufundwe izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo ikakhulukazi futhi kuhlolwe izimpawu ezibonwa isiguli njengokuphelelwa umoya noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging yezokwelapha. Ukuze usungule noma uqinisekise ukuxilongwa, i-ultrasound yenhliziyo, noma i-doppler ultrasound ingenziwa. Zingalekelelwa nge-coronary angiography, i-CT scan, noma i-MRI.

I-Electrocardiogramme d'effort. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca umzimba.

I-valve yenhliziyo yokwenziwa. UCharles A. Hufnagel, udokotela ohlinzayo waseMelika wekhulu lama-20, wayengowokuqala ukusungula i-valve yenhliziyo yokwenziwa. Ngo-1952, wafaka, esigulini esihlushwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-aortic, i-valve yokwenziwa eyakhiwe ngekheji lensimbi elinebhola le-silicone elibekwe phakathi nendawo (6).