Ukuhunyushwa kombhalo emugqeni omusha ku-Python. Uwuhambisa kanjani umbhalo emugqeni omusha - imiyalelo

Ku-Python, ukumaka ukuphela komugqa owodwa bese uqala omusha, udinga ukusebenzisa uhlamvu olukhethekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani ngendlela efanele lapho usebenza ngamafayela ahlukahlukene wePython, futhi uyibonise kukhonsoli ngezikhathi ezidingekayo. Kudingeka ukuqonda ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani i-delimiter emigqeni emisha lapho usebenza nekhodi yohlelo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukwengeza umbhalo ngaphandle kokuwusebenzisa.

Ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana nohlamvu olusha

n iwuphawu lokusonga ulwazi emugqeni omusha nokuvala umugqa omdala kuPython. Lolu phawu luqukethe izakhi ezimbili:

• i-oblique ehlehlayo;
• n uyinhlamvu encane.

Ukusebenzisa lolu hlamvu, ungasebenzisa isisho esithi “print(f” HellonWorld!) ”, Ngenxa yokuthi ungadlulisa ulwazi kuma-f-lines.

Uyini umsebenzi wokuphrinta

Ngaphandle kwezilungiselelo ezengeziwe, uhlamvu lokudlulisa idatha emugqeni olandelayo lwengezwa kwimodi efihliwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngeke kubonakale phakathi kwemigqa ngaphandle kokuvula umsebenzi othile. Isibonelo sokubonisa isithonjana sesihlukanisi kukhodi yohlelo:

Phrinta (“Sawubona, Umhlaba”!”) – “Sawubona, Mhlaba!”n

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukutholakala okunjalo kwalo mlingiswa kubhalwe ezicini eziyisisekelo zePython. Umsebenzi othi "phrinta" unenani elizenzakalelayo lepharamitha "yokuphela" - n. Kungenxa yalo msebenzi ukuthi lo mlingisi usethwe ekugcineni kwemigqa ukuze udlulisele idatha emigqeni elandelayo. Incazelo yomsebenzi "wokuphrinta":

phrinta(*izinto, sep=' ', end='n', file=sys.stdout, flush=Amanga)

Inani lepharamitha “yokuqeda” elisuka kumsebenzi othi “phrinta” lilingana nohlamvu “n”. Ngokusho kwe-algorithm ezenzakalelayo yekhodi yohlelo, iqeda imigqa ekugcineni, ngaphambi kokuthi kubhalwe umsebenzi "wokuphrinta". Uma usebenzisa umsebenzi owodwa "wokuphrinta", ungase ungaboni ingqikithi yomsebenzi wawo, njengoba kuzovezwa umugqa owodwa kuphela esikrinini. Nokho, uma ungeza izitatimende ezimbalwa ezinjengalezi, umphumela womsebenzi uba sobala kakhulu:

print("Sawubona, Umhlaba 1!") print("Sawubona, Umhlaba 2!") print("Sawubona, Umhlaba 3!") phrinta("Sawubona, Umhlaba 4!")

Isibonelo somphumela wekhodi engenhla:

Sawubona, Mhlaba 1! Sawubona, Umhlaba 2! Sawubona, Umhlaba 3! Sawubona, Umhlaba 4!

Ukushintsha uhlamvu olusha ngokuphrinta

Ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi othi "phrinta", kungenzeka ukuthi ungasebenzisi uhlamvu lwesihlukanisi phakathi kwemigqa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukushintsha ipharamitha "yokuphela" kumsebenzi ngokwawo. Kulesi simo, esikhundleni senani "lokuphela", udinga ukwengeza isikhala. Ngenxa yalokhu, yisikhala esizongena esikhundleni sohlamvu "wokuphela". Umphumela onesethingi yezilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo:

>>> phrinta("Sawubona") >>> phrinta("Umhlaba") Sawubona Umhlaba

Ukubonisa umphumela ngemva kokufaka uhlamvu “n” ngesikhala:

>>> phrinta("Sawubona", end=" ") >>> phrinta("Umhlaba") Sawubona Umhlaba

Isibonelo sokusebenzisa le ndlela yokushintsha izinhlamvu ukuze ubonise ukulandelana kwamanani emugqeni owodwa:

ku-i ebangeni(15): uma < 14: print(i, end=", ") okunye: phrinta(i)

Ukusebenzisa uhlamvu lwesihlukanisi kumafayela

Uphawu ngemva kwalokho umbhalo wekhodi yohlelo udluliselwa emgqeni olandelayo ungatholakala kumafayela aqediwe. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kokubuka idokhumenti ngokwayo ngekhodi yohlelo, akunakwenzeka ukuyibona, ngoba izinhlamvu ezinjalo zifihliwe ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ukuze usebenzise uhlamvu lomugqa omusha, udinga ukudala ifayela eligcwele amagama. Ngemva kokuyivula, ungabona ukuthi wonke amagama azoqala emugqeni omusha. Isibonelo:

amagama = ['Petr', 'Dima', 'Artem', 'Ivan'] ene-open("names.txt", "w") njenge-f: yegama emagameni[:-1]: f.write(f "{igama}n") f.bhala(amagama[-1])

Amagama azovezwa ngale ndlela kuphela uma ifayela lombhalo lisethelwe ukuhlukanisa imininingwane emigqeni ehlukene. Lokhu kuzosetha ngokuzenzakalelayo uhlamvu olufihliwe "n" ekugcineni komugqa ngamunye odlule. Ukuze ubone uphawu olufihliwe, udinga ukuvula umsebenzi - ".readlines()". Ngemuva kwalokho, zonke izinhlamvu ezifihliwe zizovezwa esikrinini kukhodi yohlelo. Isibonelo sokwenza kusebenze:

ngokuvula("names.txt", "r") njenge-f: phrinta(f.readlines())

Iseluleko! Ngokusebenza ngentshiseko nePython, abasebenzisi bavame ukuhlangana nezimo lapho ikhodi yohlelo kufanele ibhalwe emugqeni owodwa omude, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukuyibuyekeza nokukhomba okungalungile ngaphandle kokuhlukana. Ukuze ngemva kokuhlukanisa umugqa omude ube yizicucu ezihlukene, ikhompuyutha iyibheka njengephelele, esikhaleni ngasinye samahhala phakathi kwamanani, kufanele ufake uhlamvu "" - i-backslash. Ngemva kokwengeza uhlamvu, ungathuthela komunye umugqa, uqhubeke nokubhala ikhodi. Ngesikhathi sokwethulwa, uhlelo ngokwalo luzohlanganisa izingcezu ngazinye zibe umugqa owodwa.

Ukuhlukanisa iyunithi yezinhlamvu ibe yizintambo ezincane

Ukuze uhlukanise iyunithi yezinhlamvu eyodwa ende ibe yiyunithi yezinhlamvu ezincane ezimbalwa, ungasebenzisa indlela yokuhlukanisa. Uma kungekho okunye ukuhlela okwenziwayo, i-delimiter ezenzakalelayo iyisikhala. Ngemva kokwenza le ndlela, umbhalo okhethiwe uhlukaniswa ngamagama ahlukene ngochungechunge oluncane, uguqulelwe ohlwini lwezintambo. Njengesibonelo:

string = "omunye umbhalo omusha" strings = string.split() print(strings) ['some', 'new', 'text']

Ukuze wenze ukuguqulwa okuphambene, ngosizo lapho uhlu lwezintambo ezingaphansi luzophenduka lube yintambo eyodwa ende, kufanele usebenzise indlela yokuhlanganisa. Enye indlela ewusizo yokusebenza ngezintambo i-strip. Ngayo, ungakwazi ukususa izikhala ezitholakala nhlangothi zombili zomugqa.

Isiphetho

Ukuze ukhiphe idatha ethile emgqeni omusha lapho usebenza ku-Python, kuyadingeka ukuqeda umugqa omdala ngohlamvu "n". Ngosizo lwayo, ulwazi ngemva kokuba uphawu ludluliselwe emgqeni olandelayo, futhi omdala uvaliwe. Nokho, akudingekile ukusebenzisa lolu phawu ukudlulisa idatha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa ukuphela kwepharamitha = "". Inani "uhlamvu" uhlamvu oluhlukanisayo.