Okuqukethwe
I-Toxocariasis ezinganeni i-zoonotic helminthiasis, ebonakaliswa ngokulimala kwezitho zangaphakathi namehlo ngezibungu ze-nematode ezifuduka emzimbeni. Lesi sifo sicasulwa yi-toxocara worm (Toxocara canis). Izikelemu zinomzimba omude ofana nesilinda, okhonjwe kuzo zombili iziphetho. Abesifazane bangafinyelela ku-10 cm ubude, futhi abesilisa 6 cm.
Abantu abadala bafaka i-parasitize emzimbeni wezinja, izimpisi, izimpungushe namanye ama-canid, ngokuvamile i-Toxocara itholakala emzimbeni wamakati. Izilwane zidedela amaqanda endaweni ezungezile, okuthi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile zihlasele, ngemva kwalokho zingene ngandlela thize emzimbeni wesilwane esincelisayo bese zifuduka kuwo, zibangele izimpawu zalesi sifo. I-Toxocariasis, ngokusho kokuhlukaniswa kwe-helminthiases, ingeye-geohelminthiases, njengoba amaqanda anezibungu alungiselela ukuhlasela emhlabathini.
I-Toxocariasis ezinganeni ibonakala ngezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezimpawu ukuthi ngisho nodokotela abanolwazi ngezinye izikhathi abakwazi ukwenza ukuxilongwa ngokusekelwe esithombeni somtholampilo salesi sifo. Iqiniso liwukuthi izibungu zingangena cishe kunoma yisiphi isitho somntwana, njengoba zihamba ngemithambo yegazi. Kuye ngokuthi yisiphi isitho esithintekayo, izimpawu zesifo ziyahlukahluka.
Kodwa-ke, njalo nge-toxocariasis, izingane zihlakulela ukungezwani komzimba njenge-urticaria noma isifuba somoya. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, i-edema kaQuincke ibonakala.
I-Toxocariasis isatshalaliswa kakhulu ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-14 ubudala ezihlala emaphandleni. Ezindaweni ezisengozini enkulu, izingane ezineminyaka emi-3 kuye kwemi-5. Lesi sifo singahlala iminyaka, futhi abazali ngeke baphumelele ukuphatha ingane nge-pathologies ehlukahlukene. Ukwelashwa kwe-antiparasite okwanele kuphela kuzosindisa izingane ezinkingeni eziningi zempilo.
Izimbangela ze-toxocariasis ezinganeni
Umthombo wokutheleleka ngokuvamile izinja. Imidlwane inokubaluleka okukhulu kwe-epidemiological mayelana nokudluliswa kwezifo. I-agent causative ye-toxocariasis emakati ayivamile kakhulu.
Ama-parasites ngokubukeka afana kakhulu nezikelemu zomuntu, njengoba ziyingxenye yeqembu elifanayo le-helminths. Kokubili ama-toxocars nama-roundworms anesakhiwo esifanayo, umjikelezo wokuphila ofanayo. Kodwa-ke, umphathi oqondile e-Ascaris ungumuntu, kuyilapho e-Toxocara iyinja. Ngakho-ke, izimpawu zesifo ziyahlukahluka.
Uma izimuncagazi zingena emzimbeni womuntu owuphethe ngephutha, khona-ke zibangela umonakalo omkhulu ezithweni zangaphakathi, ngoba azikwazi ukuba khona ngokujwayelekile emzimbeni wakhe. Izibungu azikwazi ukuqeda ngokwanele umjikelezo wempilo yazo futhi ziphenduke zibe umuntu ovuthiwe ngokocansi.
Ama-toxocars angena emzimbeni wezilwane (amakati nezinja) ngepheshana lamathumbu, ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka lapho udla ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ezinamagciwane, lapho udla indle nezibungu, ngesikhathi sokukhula kwemidlwane ngaphambi kokubeletha (izibungu ziyakwazi ukungena ku-placenta), noma lapho imidlwane. zinceliswa ngumama ogulayo. Ngaphansi kwethonya lemvelo yesisu, izibungu zikhishwa egobolondweni lazo, zingene ngegazi esibindini, ku-vena cava engaphansi, ku-atrium efanele nasemaphashini. Bese bekhuphukela kuqhoqhoqho, bangene emphinjeni, bangene emphinjeni, baphinde bagwinywe ngamathe, baphinde bangene emgudwini wamathumbu, lapho befinyelela khona ukuthomba. Kusemathunjini amancane amakati nezinja lapho i-Toxocara iphila, i-parasitize futhi yande. Amaqanda azo akhishwa kanye nendle endaweni engaphandle futhi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile alungele ukuhlaselwa.
Ukutheleleka kwezingane nge-toxocariasis kwenzeka ngale ndlela elandelayo:
Ingane igwinya amaqanda esibungu eboyeni besilwane.
Ingane idla ukudla okungcoliswe amaqanda e-Toxocara (imvamisa izithelo, imifino, amajikijolo, amakhambi).
Ingane idla inhlabathi (ikakhulukazi isihlabathi) namaqanda e-toxocara. Ikakhulukazi lokhu kwenzeka phakathi nemidlalo ku-sandbox futhi kungenxa yezimpawu zeminyaka yezingane.
Amaphela ayingozi ethile mayelana nokudlulisela i-toxocariasis kubantu. Zidla amaqanda ezikelemu futhi ziwakhiphe ezindlini zabantu, zivame ukutshala ukudla kwabantu ngendle ngamaqanda aphilayo. Lokhu kungaholela ekuthelelekeni kubantu.
Izingulube, izinkukhu, amawundlu zingasebenza njengezilwane zokugcina izibungu ze-toxocar. Ngakho-ke, ingane ingangenwa isifo ngokudla inyama enesifo.
Yizingane ezincane ezivame ukungenwa yi-toxocariasis, ngoba aziyiqondi kahle imithetho yenhlanzeko yomuntu siqu. Inani eliphakeme lokuhlasela liwela ngenkathi efudumele, lapho ukuthintana kwabantu nomhlaba kuba njalo.
Uma sezisemzimbeni wengane, izibungu ze-toxocara zingena ekujikelezeni kwesistimu futhi zizinze ezinhlobonhlobo zezitho. Njengoba umzimba womuntu uyindawo engafanele ye-toxocara, isibungu simbozwe nge-capsule ecinene futhi kuleli fomu ngeke sisebenze isikhathi eside. Kulesi simo, izibungu ze-parasite zingaba khona iminyaka eminingi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela somntwana asimvumeli ukuba aqhubekele phambili, ehlala ehlasela isitho sangaphandle. Ngenxa yalokho, endaweni lapho i-parasite yema khona, ukuvuvukala okungapheli kwenzeka. Uma isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni siba buthaka, isibungu siqala ukusebenza futhi isifo siba sibi.
Izimpawu ze-toxocariasis ezinganeni
Izimpawu ze-toxocariasis ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-12 zivame ukubizwa, ngezinye izikhathi lesi sifo sithatha inkambo enzima. Lapho usukhulile, izimpawu zesifo zingasuswa, noma ukungabikho okuphelele kwezikhalazo ezivela esigulini.
Izimpawu ze-toxocariasis ezinganeni kufanele zibhekwe ngendlela yesifo, okungukuthi, kuye ngokuthi yisiphi isitho esithintekayo yi-parasite:
Okubonakalayo i-toxocariasis ezinganeni ezinokulimala kwezitho zangaphakathi. Njengoba izibungu zesibungu zihamba emzimbeni emithanjeni, zivame ukuhlala kulezo zitho ezihlinzekwa kahle ngegazi, kodwa ukugeleza kwegazi kuzo akunamandla. Ikakhulukazi amaphaphu, isibindi nobuchopho.
Uma ucabangela ukunqotshwa kwezitho zokugaya zengane (isibindi, i-biliary tract, pancreas, amathumbu) yizibungu ze-Toxocar, izimpawu ezilandelayo zingahlukaniswa:
Ubuhlungu ku-hypochondrium efanele, esiswini, enkabeni.
Ukuphazamiseka kwesifiso sokudla.
Ukuqhakaza.
Umunyu emlonyeni.
Ukushintsha njalo kohudo nokuqunjelwa.
I-nausea nokuhlanza.
Ukuncipha kwesisindo somzimba, ukuncipha ekukhuleni komzimba.
Uma i-toxocars ithinta amaphaphu, khona-ke ingane iba nezimpawu ze-broncho-pulmonary ngokukhwehlela okomile, ukuphefumula kanzima, nobunzima bokuphefumula. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-asthma ye-bronchial akunqatshelwe. Kunobufakazi bokubonakaliswa kwenyumoniya, eyaphela ekufeni.
Uma izibungu zihlala kuma-valve enhliziyo, lokhu kuholela ekuthuthukiseni ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo esigulini. Ingane inesikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izitho ezingezansi nezingenhla, unxantathu we-nasolabial. Ngisho nalapho uphumule, ukuphefumula kanzima nokukhwehlela kwenzeka. Ngokunqotshwa kwengxenye efanele yenhliziyo, i-edema enzima ibonakala emilenzeni. Lesi simo sidinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela esiphuthumayo.
I-toxocariasis ye-ocular ezinganeni. Izitho zokubona azivamile ukuthintwa yizibungu ze-toxocara, lokhu kubonakaliswa ukulahlekelwa ukubona, i-conjunctival hyperemia, ukuqhuqha kwenhlamvu yeso, nobuhlungu beso. Isikhathi esiningi ilihlo elilodwa liyathinteka.
Isikhumba i-toxocariasis ezinganeni. Uma izibungu zingena ku-dermis yengane, khona-ke lokhu kubonakala ngokuluma okukhulu, ukushisa, umuzwa wokunyakaza ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Endaweni lapho i-larva ima khona, njengomthetho, ukuvuvukala okuqhubekayo kwenzeka.
kwemizwa i-toxocariasis ezinganeni. Uma i-toxocara isibungu singene ku-meninges, khona-ke lesi sifo sizibonakalisa ngezimpawu ze-neurological: ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha, ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukuphazamiseka kokulala, isiyezi, izimpawu zokulimala okugxile ebuchosheni (ukudlidliza, ukukhubazeka, i-paresis, njll.).
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isibungu sima kuphi, amasosha omzimba aqala ukuwuhlasela, okuholela ekwakhiweni kokungezwani komzimba:
Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba. Ngokuvamile, ifana nokulunywa omiyane futhi inesimo sendandatho. Ukuqubuka kuyaluma kakhulu futhi kungenzeka noma kuphi emzimbeni.
I-edema kaQuincke. Lesi simo sibonakala ngokuvuvukala kwezicubu ezithambile entanyeni. Ngokusabela okuveziwe, ukuhlaselwa kwe-asthma kungase kwenzeke, okuthi, uma kunganikezwa usizo olufanele, kuzoholela ekufeni kwengane.
Isifuba somoya. Ingane ilokhu ikhwehlela njalo. Ukukhwehlela kunomlingiswa owomile, isikhwehlela sihlukaniswa ngamanani amancane. Ngesikhathi sokuhlasela, ukushaywa umoya okunamandla nokuphefumula okunomsindo kuzwakala.
Izimpawu ezivamile ze-toxocariasis ezinganeni zifaka:
Ukwanda kokushisa komzimba kuya ku-37-38 ° C nangaphezulu, isimo somkhuhlane.
Ukudakwa komzimba ngobuthakathaka, ubuhlungu bekhanda, ukulahlekelwa ukudla.
Ukwandiswa kwama-lymph nodes ngosayizi, kuyilapho engalimazi futhi ehlala ehamba.
I-pulmonary syndrome enokukhwehlela okomile okuqhubekayo.
Ukwandiswa kobende nesibindi ngosayizi.
Ukwephulwa kwe-microflora yamathumbu.
Izifo ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-immunosuppression.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-toxocariasis ezinganeni
Ukuxilongwa kwe-toxocariasis ezinganeni kunzima kakhulu, ngoba izimpawu zesifo zinzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa izifo zezinye izitho. Yingakho izingane ezinjalo ziye zangaphathwa ngempumelelo yi-gastroenterologists, i-pulmonologists kanye nabanye ochwepheshe abancane isikhathi eside. Odokotela bezingane bahlukanisa izingane ezinjalo njengezigula njalo.
Ukuhlasela kwe-parasitic kungasolwa ngokwanda kwama-eosinophil egazini (abhekene ne-antiparasitic immunity) kanye nokwanda kwe-immunoglobulin E ephelele.
Ngezinye izikhathi izibungu ze-Toxocara zingatholakala esikhwehlela ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-microscopic. Kodwa-ke, indlela efundisa kakhulu yokuthola lokhu kuhlasela kwe-parasitic i-ELISA ene-extrasecretory antigen yezibungu ze-Toxocara.
Ukwelashwa kwe-toxocariasis ezinganeni
Ukwelashwa kwe-toxocariasis ezinganeni kuqala ngokuphathwa kwezidakamizwa ze-anthelmintic.
Ngokuvamile, ingane inikezwa omunye wemithi elandelayo:
I-Mintezol. Inkambo yokwelashwa ingaba izinsuku ezingu-5-10.
I-Vermox. Inkambo yokwelashwa ingathatha izinsuku eziyi-14 kuye kwezingama-28.
I-dithrazine citrate. Umuthi uthathwa amaviki angu-2-4.
I-Albendazole. Isifundo esigcwele singathatha izinsuku eziyi-10 kuye kwezingama-20.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingane idinga ukuvuselela i-microflora yamathumbu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, unqunywe ama-probiotics i-Linex, i-Bifiform, i-Bifidum forte, njll. Ukuze ususe ubuthi emathunjini, ama-adsorbents anqunywe, isibonelo, i-Smektu noma i-Enterol.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Symptomatic kuncishiswe ekuthatheni izidakamizwa ze-antipyretic (Paracetamol, Ibuprofen). Ngobuhlungu obukhulu esiswini, kungenzeka ukuthi ubeke iPapaverine. Ukuze kuqedwe ukungezwani komzimba, ingane inqunyelwe ama-antihistamine, kuhlanganise ne-Zirtek, i-Zodak, njll. Okufanayo kusebenza nezixazululo ze-electrolyte ezilawulwa nge-intravenously esibhedlela ukuze kuncishiswe izimpawu zokudakwa.
Qinisekisa ukuthi unikeza izingane ama-hepatoprotectors, okuvumela ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwesibindi. Uma kunesidingo, khona-ke hhayi kuphela i-parasitologist, udokotela wezingane kanye nochwepheshe bezifo ezithathelwanayo, kodwa futhi neurologist, ophthalmologist, kanye nodokotela ohlinzayo abahilelekile emsebenzini.
Uma izimpawu zesifo zibuhlungu, ukubekwa kwengane esibhedlela kuboniswa.
Ngaphezu kokuthatha imithi, ingane idluliselwa ekudleni okukhethekile, isusa kumenyu yonke imikhiqizo engabangela ukungezwani komzimba. Lezi ushokoledi, izithelo ezisawolintshi, izinongo, inyama ebhenywayo, njll.
Lapho ingane ikhishwa esibhedlela, ibhekwa udokotela wezingane ngomunye unyaka, emvakashela njalo ezinyangeni ezi-2. Ngokuya ngobunzima besifo, izingane azigonywa izinyanga ezingu-1-3. Ngesikhathi esifanayo banikezwa ukukhululwa kwezokwelapha emfundweni yomzimba.
Njengomthetho, ukubikezelwa kwe-toxocariasis ezinganeni kuyathandeka, ukulimala kwenhliziyo, ubuchopho namehlo akuvamile. Nokho, kuyingozi kakhulu ukubambezeleka ngokwelashwa okwanele.