I-stickleback enemiphongolo emithathu: incazelo, ukubukeka, izindawo zokuhlala, ukuzala

I-stickleback iyinhlanzi yasemanzini ahlanzekile enobukhulu obuncane, emelela uhlobo lwezinhlanzi ezine-ray-finned futhi eziyingxenye ye-sticklebacks. Ngaphansi kwaleli gama, kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinhlanzi ezinesici esisodwa sesici, ngenxa yokuthi izinhlanzi zathola leli gama elithakazelisayo.

I-stickleback enemiphongolo emithathu ihlukile kwezinye izinhlanzi ngoba inezikhonkwane ezintathu ezitholakala ngemuva, ngaphambi kwephiko. Mayelana nokuthi le nhlanzi iyathakazelisa kangakanani nokuthi ihlala kuphi kuzoxoxwa ngayo kulesi sihloko.

I-stickleback enemiphongolo emithathu: incazelo yezinhlanzi

ukubukeka

Okokuqala, inhlanzi incane, nakuba ingencane njenge-perch. Ingakhula ngobude ize ifike ku-12 cm, isisindo samashumi amaningana amagremu, nakuba abantu abanesisindo esiningi bangatholakala.

Umzimba wale nhlanzi umude futhi ucindezelwe ngokuqinile eceleni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umzimba wale nhlanzi emangalisayo uvikelekile ezitheni. Njengomthetho, unama-spikes amathathu emhlane wakhe, eduze kwephiko. Kukhona nepheya lezinaliti ezicijile esiswini, ezisebenzela izinhlanzi esikhundleni samaphiko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathambo e-pelvic ahlanganisiwe esiswini, ngesikhathi esisodwa, ayesebenza njengesihlangu sezinhlanzi.

Kukhona esinye isici esithakazelisayo esihlotshaniswa nokuntuleka kwezikali. Esikhundleni salokho, kukhona amapuleti aguquguqukayo emzimbeni, inani lawo elisukela ku-20 kuya ku-40. Amapuleti afanayo atholakala endaweni engemuva, enemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isisu sale nhlanzi sihlukaniswa nombala oyisiliva, kanti indawo yesifuba inombala obomvu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngesikhathi sokuzala, indawo yesifuba ithatha umbala obomvu obomvu, futhi indawo yangemuva ishintsha ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Ukuziphatha

Lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi lungatholakala kokubili emanzini ahlanzekile nanosawoti omncane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-stickleback ikhetha imizimba yamanzi nge-current ehamba kancane. Lokhu kungaba imifula namachibi amancanyana anephansi elinodaka namahlozi ezitshalo zasemanzini. Izinhlanzi zihlala ziyimihlambi eminingi. Imihlambi ihamba echibini ngokukhuthala okukhulu futhi isabela kunoma iyiphi into ewele emanzini. Kulokhu, i-stickleback ivame ukungena emithanjeni yabadobi, ihlale izulazula endaweni yokudoba.

Ukuzalela

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi insikazi ayikwazi ukubeka amaqanda angaphezu kuka-100, i-stickleback izalela kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, le nhlanzi yakha uhlobo lwesidleke lapho insikazi izalela khona amaqanda. Ngemva kwalokho, abesilisa baqala ukunakekela inzalo.

Ngesikhathi sokuzala, ama-stickleback abesifazane ahlukaniswa ngombala ogqamile.

Ngaphambi kokuqala kokuzala, banesibopho esicacile phakathi kwabesifazane nabesilisa. Amaduna anesibopho sokwakha isidleke futhi athole izindawo zokwenza lokho. Njengomthetho, zakha izidleke phansi ezinodaka noma otshanini eduze kweminduze yamanzi. Basebenzisa udaka nezicucu zotshani ukuze bakhe izidleke ezifana nebhola.

Ngemva kokwakhiwa kwesidleke, eyeduna ibheka insikazi, ezalela amaqanda esidlekeni sayo, ngemva kwalokho iyivundise. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, eyeduna ingathola abesifazane abangaphezu koyedwa. Kulokhu, isidleke sakhe singase sibe namaqanda avela kwabesifazane abaningana.

Isikhathi sokuzala singanwebeka kuze kufike enyangeni eyodwa. Ngokushesha nje lapho ama-fry ezalwa, iduna liyawanakekela, lixosha izilwane ezidla ezinye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akazivumeli izingane ukuba zibhukude kude kakhulu. Kodwa nokho, naphezu kokunakekelwa okunjalo, ingxenye yesithathu kuphela yezilwane ezincane ezikwazi ukusinda.

izitha stickleback

Njengoba i-stickleback enemiphongolo emithathu inezikhonkwane emhlane nezinaliti esiswini, ikwazi ukuzivikela ezitheni. Naphezu kwalokhu, unezitha zemvelo, njenge-zander noma i-pike. Uma inhlanzi ihlaselwa inhlanzi edla inyama, isakaza izikhonkwane zayo, ezibhoboza emlonyeni wayo. Ngaphezu kwezinhlanzi ezidla ezinye, izinyoni ezinjengama-gull zidla i-stickleback.

Itholakalaphi ingquza

Le nhlanzi ihlala cishe kuzo zonke izindawo zamanzi zaseYurophu, njengamachibi nemifula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, itholakala yonke indawo emanzini aseNyakatho Melika.

Ensimini yaseRussia, i-stickleback enezintambo ezintathu itholakala emifuleni nasemachibini aseMpumalanga Ekude, futhi ngokuqondile eKamchatka. I-stickleback, nakuba ingavamile, itholakala endaweni yezifunda zaseYurophu zaseRussia, kuhlanganise neLake Onega kanye ne-delta yoMfula iVolga.

Inani lezomnotho le-stickleback

Kubadobi, le nhlanzi iyinhlekelele yangempela, njengoba igijima iyimihlambi ezungeze ichibi futhi igijimela kunoma iyiphi into ewele emanzini. Ukuhamba ngomhlambi, kudala umsindo owengeziwe kukholamu yamanzi endaweni yokudoba, okwethusa ezinye izinhlanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nhlanzi ayihlukani ngobukhulu obamukelekayo, futhi ukuba khona kwameva kuyabethusa abadobi abaningi. E-Kamchatka, lapho i-stickleback itholakala yonke indawo, abantu bendawo bayibiza ngokuthi "khakalch", "khakal" noma "khakhalcha".

Eqinisweni, ibhekwa njengenhlanzi yokhula futhi ayibanjwa ngezinga lezimboni. Naphezu kwalokhu, i-stickleback isetshenziselwa imithi, ikhipha amafutha ekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu, okukhuthaza ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokushiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvunyelwe ukuthola amafutha obuchwepheshe kuwo ukuze asetshenziswe embonini. Uma kucutshungulwe kahle, kungenzeka ukuthi kutholakale umanyolo wamasimu, kanye nokukhiqiza ukudla kwefolishi. Izinkukhu nazo ngeke zenqabe ukudla okunjalo okunomsoco.

Muva nje, ngisho nasesikhathini sethu, izakhamuzi zendawo zaseMpumalanga Ekude zabamba i-stickback futhi zasebenzisa amafutha ayo ukuze zipheke ezinye izitsha zasekhaya. Okuxakayo, kodwa uwoyela we-stickleback awunaphunga, uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amafutha ezinhlanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amafutha ayo anikezwa izingane ukuze kuvinjelwe izifo ezihlukahlukene.

Uma uthanda, ungapheka indlebe kusuka ku-stickleback, kuphela izoba yithambo kakhulu futhi ingacebeki kakhulu, ngaphandle uma usebenzisa abantu abakhulu kakhulu uma ukwazi ukubamba.

Abanye abathanda ukuzilibazisa babeka i-stickleback ku-aquarium, nakuba kudingekile ukuba nomthamo omkhulu ngokwanele wokuyigcina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze kugcinwe ngempumelelo, izimo ezifanele ziyadingeka. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngesikhathi sokuzala, abesilisa babonisa ulaka olukhulu kwabanye abesilisa, futhi ngenxa yalokhu udinga ukuba nendawo eningi yokuhlala. Iphansi le-aquarium kufanele libe nesisekelo sesihlabathi, futhi ukukhanya kufanele kusondele kakhulu kwemvelo. Njengomthetho, i-stickleback enezintambo ezintathu ayikubekezeleli ukukhanya okukhanyayo.

Ekuphetheni

Naphezu kokuthi le nhlanzi ayinkulu, kodwa ngokuphambene nalokho, ngakho-ke ayinandaba nesithakazelo esikhethekile kubo bobabili abadobi kanye nezidingo zezohwebo, kungase kube usizo esikhathini esizayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezithakaselwa ngabadobi kanye nezimboni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zingamane zinyamalale ngenxa yokudoba ngobuningi.

Okuthakazelisayo ngamafutha akhe, angenawo iphunga, nakuba abantu abaningi bewazi iphunga lamafutha enhlanzi, lapho liba khona ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuyisebenzisa kwezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi njengoba namuhla alukho ulwazi mayelana nezilwane zasolwandle ezingeke zibe usizo kubantu. Njengomthetho, amafutha ezinhlanzi angamafutha anempilo angahlanza imithambo yegazi.

Akukho okukhangayo okuncane okungabhekwa njengenketho yokusebenzisa amafutha ezobuchwepheshe akhiqizwa ngesisekelo samafutha ezinhlanzi. Futhi lapha inhlanzi enjalo ebonakala inokhula ingadlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuleni kwezimboni. Phela akuyona imfihlo kunoma ubani ukuthi ngenxa yentengo kawoyela, amanani ezinto eziphuma kuwo nawo ayakhula.