Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-psychotherapy

Iyiphi isiqondiso se-psychotherapy ongasikhetha? Zihluke kanjani futhi yikuphi okungcono? Le mibuzo ibuzwa yinoma yimuphi umuntu onquma ukuya nezinkinga zakhe kuchwepheshe. Sihlanganise umhlahlandlela omncane ozokusiza ukuthi uthole umbono wezinhlobo eziyinhloko zokwelapha kwengqondo.

I-Psychoanalysis

Umsunguli: USigmund Freud, Austria (1856-1939)

Kuyini lokhu? Uhlelo lwezindlela ongangena ngalo ekuqulekeni, ulifunde ukuze usize umuntu aqonde imbangela yezingxabano zangaphakathi ezavela ngenxa yokuhlangenwe nakho kwasebuntwaneni, futhi ngaleyo ndlela umsindise ezinkingeni ze-neurotic.

Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu? Into eyinhloko enqubweni ye-psychotherapeutic ukuguqulwa kokungazi lutho ku-conscious ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokuhlangana mahhala, ukuchazwa kwamaphupho, ukuhlaziywa kwezenzo eziyiphutha ... Phakathi neseshini, isiguli silala embhedeni, sisho konke okufikayo. ingqondo, ngisho nalokho okubonakala kuyize, inhlekisa, kubuhlungu, kungcolile . Umhlaziyi (ohlezi embhedeni, isiguli asimboni), ukuhumusha incazelo efihliwe yamagama, izenzo, amaphupho kanye namaphupho, uzama ukudalula i-tangle yezinhlangano zamahhala ekufuneni inkinga enkulu. Lolu wuhlobo olude nolulawulwa ngokuqinile lwe-psychotherapy. I-Psychoanalysis yenzeka izikhathi ezingu-3-5 ngesonto iminyaka engu-3-6.

Mayelana nakho: Z. Freud "I-Psychopathology yokuphila kwansuku zonke"; "Isingeniso ku-Psychoanalysis" (Peter, 2005, 2004); "I-Anthology ye-Contemporary Psychoanalysis". U-Ed. A. Zhibo kanye no-A. Rossokhina (St. Petersburg, 2005).

  • I-Psychoanalysis: inkhulumomphendvulwano nomuntu oqulekile
  • "I-Psychoanalysis ingaba usizo kunoma ubani"
  • 10 ukuqagela mayelana psychoanalysis
  • Kuyini ukudluliselwa futhi kungani i-psychoanalysis ingenakwenzeka ngaphandle kwayo

I-analytical psychology

Umsunguli: UCarl Jung, Switzerland (1875-1961)

Kuyini lokhu? Indlela ephelele yokwelashwa kwengqondo kanye nokuzazi okusekelwe ocwaningweni lwezakhiwo eziqulekile nama-archetypes. Ukuhlaziywa kukhulula amandla abalulekile omuntu emandleni e-complex, kuqondise ukunqoba izinkinga ezingokwengqondo nokuthuthukisa ubuntu.

Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu? Umhlaziyi uxoxa nesiguli ngolwazi lwaso ngolimi lwezithombe, izimpawu nezingathekiso. Izindlela zomcabango osebenzayo, ukuhlangana kwamahhala nokudweba, i-analytical sand psychotherapy isetshenziswa. Imihlangano iqhutshwa izikhathi ezingu-1-3 ngesonto iminyaka engu-1-3.

Mayelana nakho: K. Jung "Izinkumbulo, amaphupho, ukucabanga" (Air Land, 1994); Umhlahlandlela weCambridge we-Analytical Psychology (Dobrosvet, 2000).

  • UCarl Gustav Jung: "Ngiyazi ukuthi amademoni akhona"
  • Kungani uJung esemfashinini namuhla
  • Ukwelashwa kokuhlaziya (ngokukaJung)
  • Amaphutha ochwepheshe bezengqondo: yini okufanele ikuxwayise

I-Psychodrama

Umsunguli: UJacob Moreno, Romania (1889-1974)

Kuyini lokhu? Ukutadisha izimo zempilo kanye nezingxabano esenzweni, ngosizo lwamasu okwenza. Inhloso ye-psychodrama ukufundisa umuntu ukuxazulula izinkinga zakhe ngokudlala amaphupho akhe, izingxabano nokwesaba.

Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu? Endaweni yokwelapha ephephile, izimo ezibalulekile ezivela empilweni yomuntu zidlalwa ngosizo lwe-psychotherapist namanye amalungu eqembu. Umdlalo wokulingisa ukuvumela ukuthi uzwe imizwa, ubhekane nezingxabano ezijulile, wenze izenzo ezingenakwenzeka empilweni yangempela. Ngokomlando, i-psychodrama iwuhlobo lokuqala lwe-psychotherapy yeqembu. Ubude besikhathi - kusukela kuseshini eyodwa kuya eminyakeni engu-2-3 yemihlangano yamasonto onke. Isikhathi esifanele somhlangano owodwa amahora angu-2,5.

Mayelana nakho: "Psychodrama: Ugqozi kanye Technique". U-Ed. P. Holmes kanye noM. Karp (Klass, 2000); P. Kellerman “Psychodrama close-up. Ukuhlaziywa kwezindlela zokwelapha ”(Klass, 1998).

  • I-Psychodrama
  • Ungaphuma kanjani ekuhlukumezekeni kokushaqeka. Isipiliyoni se-Psychodrama
  • Kungani silahlekelwa abangane bakudala. Isipiliyoni se-Psychodrama
  • Izindlela ezine zokubuyela kuwe

Ukwelashwa kwe-Gestalt

Umsunguli: UFritz Perls, eJalimane (1893-1970)

Kuyini lokhu? Isifundo somuntu njengohlelo olubalulekile, ukubonakaliswa kwakhe ngokomzimba, ngokomzwelo, kwezenhlalo nangokomoya. Ukwelashwa kwe-Gestalt kusiza ekutholeni umbono ophelele ngawe (i-gestalt) futhi uqale ukungaphili emhlabeni wesikhathi esidlule kanye nemicabango, kodwa "lapha namanje".

Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu? Ngokusekelwa umelaphi, iklayenti lisebenza ngalokho elibhekene nakho nomuzwa manje. Enza izivivinyo, uphila phakathi kwezingxabano zakhe zangaphakathi, uhlaziya imizwa kanye nemizwa engokomzimba, ufunda ukuqaphela "ulimi lomzimba", iphimbo lezwi lakhe ngisho nokunyakaza kwezandla namehlo akhe ... Ngenxa yalokho, uzuza ukuqaphela "Mina" wakhe siqu, ufunda ukuba nesibopho ngemizwa nezenzo zakhe. Le nqubo ihlanganisa izici ze-psychoanalytic (ukuhumusha imizwa engazi lutho ibe yingqondo) kanye nendlela yobuntu (ukugcizelela "isivumelwano nawe ngokwakho"). Ubude besikhathi sokwelashwa okungenani yizinyanga eziyisi-6 zemihlangano yamasonto onke.

Mayelana nakho: F. Perls "Umkhuba Wokwelapha Nge-Gestalt", "I-Ego, Indlala Nolaka" (IOI, 1993, Meaning, 2005); S. Ginger "Gestalt: The Art of Contact" (Per Se, 2002).

  • Ukwelashwa kwe-Gestalt
  • I-Gestalt therapy ye-dummies
  • Ukwelashwa kwe-Gestalt: iqiniso elithinta inhliziyo
  • Ukuxhumana okukhethekile: ukuthi ubudlelwano phakathi kwesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo neklayenti bakhiwa kanjani

Ukuhlaziya Okukhona

Abasunguli: Ludwig Binswanger, Switzerland (1881-1966), Viktor Frankl, Austria (1905-1997), Alfried Lenglet, Austria (b. 1951)

Kuyini lokhu? Isiqondiso se-Psychotherapeutic, esisekelwe emibonweni yefilosofi ye-existentialism. Umqondo wawo wokuqala uthi "ukuba khona", noma "real", impilo enhle. Ukuphila lapho umuntu abhekana khona nobunzima, uyaqaphela izimo zakhe zengqondo, aphila ngokukhululeka nangokuzibophezela, lapho ebona khona incazelo.

Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu? Umelaphi okhona akasebenzisi nje amasu. Umsebenzi wakhe uyingxoxo evulekile neklayenti. Isitayela sokuxhumana, ukujula kwezihloko kanye nezindaba okuxoxwe ngazo kushiya umuntu enomuzwa wokuthi uyaqonda - hhayi nje kuphela ngokomsebenzi, kodwa futhi nangobuntu. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, iklayenti lifunda ukuzibuza imibuzo enengqondo, ukunaka lokho okwenza kube nomuzwa wokuvumelana nempilo yakhe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunzima kangakanani. Isikhathi sokwelashwa sisuka ku-3-6 kuya eminyakeni embalwa.

Mayelana nakho: A. Langle “Impilo Egcwele Injongo” (Genesis, 2003); V. Frankl “Umuntu ofuna incazelo” ( Progress, 1990); I. Yalom "Existential Psychotherapy" (Klass, 1999).

  • U-Irvin Yalom: “Umsebenzi wami omkhulu ukutshela abanye ukuthi kuyini ukwelashwa nokuthi kungani kusebenza”
  • Yalom ngothando
  • “Ngiyakuthanda ukuphila?”: Izingcaphuno eziyi-10 zenkulumo kadokotela wezengqondo u-Alfried Lenglet
  • Sikhuluma ngobani uma sithi “mina”?

I-Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP)

Abasunguli: Richard Bandler USA (b. 1940), John Grinder USA (b. 1949)

Kuyini lokhu? I-NLP iyindlela yokuxhumana ehloselwe ukuguqula amaphethini ajwayelekile okuxhumana, ukuthola ukuzethemba empilweni, nokuthuthukisa ubuhlakani.

Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu? Indlela ye-NLP ayibhekani nokuqukethwe, kodwa ngenqubo. Ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa kweqembu noma komuntu ngamunye kumasu okuziphatha, iklayenti lihlaziya ulwazi lwalo futhi libonise ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo isinyathelo ngesinyathelo. Amakilasi - kusuka emavikini ambalwa kuya eminyakeni emi-2.

Mayelana nakho: R. Bandler, D. Grinder “Kusuka kumaxoxo kuya ezikhulwini. I-NLP Training Course Yesethulo (Flinta, 2000).

  • UJohn Grinder: "Ukukhuluma kuwukukhohlisa njalo"
  • Kungani ukungaqondi okungaka?
  • Ingabe amadoda nabesifazane bayezwana
  • Ngicela ukhulume!

I-Psychotherapy yomndeni

Abasunguli: Mara Selvini Palazzoli Italy (1916-1999), Murray Bowen USA (1913-1990), Virginia Satir USA (1916-1988), Carl Whitaker USA (1912-1995)

Kuyini lokhu? Ukwelashwa komndeni kwanamuhla kuhlanganisa izindlela eziningana; okuvamile kubo bonke - ngasebenzi nomuntu oyedwa, kodwa nomndeni uwonke. Izenzo nezinhloso zabantu kulokhu kwelashwa azithathwa njengokubonakaliswa komuntu ngamunye, kodwa njengomphumela wemithetho nemithetho yohlelo lomndeni.

Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu? Kusetshenziswa izindlela ezihlukahlukene, phakathi kwazo i-genogram - "umdwebo" womndeni othathwe emazwini amaklayenti, obonisa ukuzalwa, ukufa, imishado kanye nokuhlukana kwamalungu awo. Ekuhlanganisweni kwayo, kuvame ukutholakala umthombo wezinkinga, okuphoqa amalungu omkhaya ukuba aziphathe ngendlela ethile. Ngokuvamile imihlangano yomelaphi womndeni kanye namakhasimende yenzeka kanye ngesonto futhi ihlale izinyanga ezimbalwa.

Mayelana nakho: K. Whitaker “Midnight Reflections of a Family Therapist” (Klass, 1998); M. Bowen "Theory of family systems" (Cogito-Center, 2005); A. Varga "I-Systemic Family Psychotherapy" (Inkulumo, 2001).

  • I-Psychotherapy yezinhlelo zomndeni: ukudweba isiphetho
  • Ukwelashwa komndeni okuhlelekile - kuyini?
  • Yini engenziwa i-systemic family therapy?
  • “Angikuthandi ukuphila komkhaya wami”

Ukwelashwa Okugxile Kweklayenti

Umsunguli: UCarl Rogers, USA (1902-1987)

Kuyini lokhu? Uhlelo oludume kakhulu lomsebenzi we-psychotherapeutic emhlabeni (ngemuva kokuhlaziywa kwengqondo). Kusekelwe enkolelweni yokuthi umuntu, ecela usizo, uyakwazi ukunquma izimbangela ngokwakhe futhi athole indlela yokuxazulula izinkinga zakhe - kuphela ukusekelwa kwe-psychotherapist kuyadingeka. Igama lendlela ligcizelela ukuthi yiklayenti elenza izinguquko eziqondisayo.

Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu? Ukwelashwa kuthatha uhlobo lwenkhulumomphendvulwano esunguleka phakathi kweklayenti nomelaphi. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kuyo isimo esingokomzwelo sokwethembana, inhlonipho nokuqonda okungahluleli. Ivumela iklayenti ukuthi lizizwe lamukelwe njengoba liyikho; angakhuluma nganoma yini ngaphandle kokwesaba ukwahlulelwa noma ukuphikiswa. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi umuntu ngokwakhe uyanquma ukuthi uzifinyelele yini izinhloso ayezifuna, ukwelashwa kungamiswa noma nini noma kungenziwa isinqumo sokuqhubeka. Izinguquko ezinhle zenzeka kakade kumaseshini okuqala, ezijulile zingenzeka ngemva kwemihlangano engu-10-15.

Mayelana nakho: K. Rogers “Ukwelashwa kwengqondo okugxile kubathengi. Ithiyori, umkhuba wesimanje kanye nokusetshenziswa” (Eksmo-press, 2002).

  • I-Psychotherapy Egxile Kwikhasimende: Isipiliyoni Sokukhula
  • UCarl Rogers, indoda engezwayo
  • Indlela yokuqonda ukuthi sinesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esibi?
  • Indlela yokubhekana nemicabango emnyama

I-Erickson hypnosis

Umsunguli: UMilton Erickson, e-USA (1901-1980)

Kuyini lokhu? I-Ericksonian hypnosis isebenzisa ikhono lomuntu lokulutha ngokuzenzakalelayo - isimo sengqondo lapho evuleke kakhulu futhi elungele izinguquko ezinhle. Lena "soft", non-directive hypnosis, lapho umuntu ehlala ephapheme.

Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu? Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo asisebenzisi isiphakamiso esiqondile, kodwa sisebenzisa izingathekiso, imizekeliso, izinganekwane - futhi ukuquleka ngokwako kuthola indlela eya esixazululweni esifanele. Umphumela ungavela ngemva kweseshini yokuqala, ngezinye izikhathi kuthatha izinyanga ezimbalwa zomsebenzi.

Mayelana nakho: M. Erickson, E. Rossi “The Man from February” (Klass, 1995).

  • I-Erickson hypnosis
  • I-Hypnosis: uhambo lokungena kuwe
  • Ingxoxo ye-subpersonalities
  • I-Hypnosis: imodi yesithathu yobuchopho

Ukuhlaziywa kokwenziwe

Umsunguli: U-Eric Bern, eCanada (1910-1970)

Kuyini lokhu? Isiqondiso se-psychotherapeutic esisekelwe kumbono wezifunda ezintathu ze-"I" yethu - izingane, umuntu omdala nabazali, kanye nomthelela wombuso okhethwe umuntu ngokungazi ekusebenzelaneni nabanye abantu. Umgomo wokwelapha uwukuba iklayenti lazi izimiso zokuziphatha kwalo futhi likuthathe ngaphansi kokulawula kwalo abantu abadala.

Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu? Umelaphi usiza ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye ethi "I" yethu ehilelekile esimweni esithile, kanye nokuqonda ukuthi siyini isimo esingazi lutho sempilo yethu ngokujwayelekile. Ngenxa yalokhu umsebenzi stereotypes ukushintsha ukuziphatha. Ukwelashwa kusebenzisa izici ze-psychodrama, ukudlala indima, ukumodela komndeni. Lolu hlobo lokwelapha lusebenza kahle emsebenzini weqembu; ubude bayo buncike esifisweni seklayenti.

Mayelana nakho: E. Bern “Amageyimu adlalwa abantu …”, “Uthini ngemva kokuthi usho” sawubona “(FAIR, 2001; Ripol classic, 2004).

  • Ukuhlaziywa kokwenziwe
  • Ukuhlaziywa Kwezentengiselwano: Kuchaza kanjani ukuziphatha kwethu?
  • Ukuhlaziya Okwenziwayo: Kungaba kanjani usizo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke?
  • ukuhlaziya okwenziwayo. Ungasabela kanjani kubudlova?

I-Body Oriented Therapy

Abasunguli: UWilhelm Reich, e-Austria (1897-1957); Alexander Lowen, USA (b. 1910)

Kuyini lokhu? Indlela isekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kokuzivocavoca umzimba okukhethekile okuhambisana nokuhlaziywa kwengqondo yemizwa yomzimba kanye nokusabela komuntu ngokomzwelo. Kusekelwe esikhundleni sika-W. Reich ukuthi zonke izenzakalo ezibuhlungu zesikhathi esidlule zihlala emzimbeni wethu ngendlela "ye-muscle clamps".

Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu? Izinkinga zeziguli zicatshangelwa ngokuphathelene nezici zokusebenza komzimba wabo. Umsebenzi womuntu owenza izivivinyo ukuqonda umzimba wakhe, ukubona ukubonakaliswa komzimba kwezidingo zakhe, izifiso, imizwa. Ukwazi kanye nomsebenzi womzimba kushintsha izimo zengqondo zokuphila, kunikeza umuzwa wokugcwala kokuphila. Amakilasi abanjwa ngawodwana nangeqembu.

Mayelana nakho: A. Lowen "Amandla Omzimba Wesakhiwo Somlingiswa" (PANI, 1996); M. Sandomiersky "Psychosomatics and Body Psychotherapy" (Klass, 2005).

  • I-Body Oriented Therapy
  • Yamukela umzimba wakho
  • umzimba ngefomethi yasentshonalanga
  • Sengiqedile! Ukuzisiza Ngomsebenzi Womzimba

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