Igama elithi teratoma libhekisela eqenjini lezimila eziyinkimbinkimbi. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu i-teratoma yesibeletho kwabesifazane kanye ne-testicular teratoma emadodeni. Ukuphatha kwabo kuhlanganisa ikakhulukazi ukukhipha isimila ngokuhlinzwa.

Incazelo ye-teratoma

I-teratoma yizimila ezingaba yingozi noma zibe yingozi (umdlavuza). Lezi zimila kuthiwa zingamagciwane ngoba zisuka kumangqamuzana amagciwane (amangqamuzana akhiqiza ama-gametes: i-spermatozoa emadodeni kanye ne-ova kwabesifazane).

Amafomu amabili avame kakhulu yilezi:

• i-teratoma ye-ovarian kwabesifazane;
• testicular teratoma emadodeni.

Kodwa-ke, i-teratomas ingabonakala nakwezinye izindawo zomzimba. Singahlukanisa ngokukhethekile:

• i-teratoma ye-sacrococcygeal (phakathi kwe-lumbar vertebrae kanye ne-coccyx);
• i-cerebral teratoma, ezibonakalisa ngokuyinhloko ku-epiphysis (i-pineal gland);
• i-mediastinal teratoma, noma i-teratoma ye-mediastinum (isifunda sesifuba esiphakathi kwamaphaphu amabili).

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-teratomas

I-teratomas ingahluka kakhulu. Ezinye ziyingozi kanti ezinye ziyingozi (umdlavuza).

Izinhlobo ezintathu ze-teratomas zichazwa:

• ama-teratoma avuthiwe angama-benign tumors akhiwe izicubu ezihlukene kahle;
• ama-teratoma angavuthiwe okungamathumba amabi akhiwe izicubu ezingavuthiwe ezisafana nezicubu zombungu;
• i-monodermal noma i-teratomas ekhethekile okungamafomu ayivelakancane angase abe yingozi noma abe yingozi.

Izinkinga ze-teratomas

I-teratomas ibonakala ngokuthuthukiswa kwezicubu ezingavamile. Umsuka walokhu kukhula okungavamile awukakatholakali.

Abantu abathintekayo yi-teratomas

I-teratomas imelela u-2 kuya ku-4% wezimila ezinganeni nakubantu abadala. Bamele u-5 kuya ku-10% wezimila zamasende. Kwabesifazane, i-cystic teratomas evuthiwe imelela u-20% wezimila ze-ovarian kubantu abadala kanye nama-50% ama-ovarian tumors ezinganeni. I-Brain teratoma yenza i-1 kuya ku-2% yezimila zobuchopho kanye ne-11% yezimila zezingane. Itholakala ngaphambi kokuzalwa, i-sacrococcygeal teratoma ingathinta ingane eyodwa kwezingama-1. 

Ukuxilongwa kwe-teratomas

Ukuxilongwa kwe-teratomas ngokuvamile kusekelwe ekucabangeni kwezokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, okuhlukile kukhona ngokuya ngendawo ye-teratoma nokuthuthuka kwayo. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwezimpawu zesimila, ngokwesibonelo, kungenziwa ezimeni ezithile.

Amanye ama-teratomas angase angabonakali kanti amanye azobangela ukungakhululeki okukhulu. Izimpawu zabo azixhomekile efomini labo kuphela kodwa futhi nohlobo lwabo. Izigaba ezingezansi zinikeza izibonelo ezimbalwa kodwa azifaki zonke izinhlobo ze-teratomas.

Ukuvuvukala okungenzeka

Amanye ama-teratomas angabonakala njengokuvuvukala kwendawo ethintekile. Isibonelo, ukwanda kwevolumu ye-testicular kungabonwa ku-testicular teratoma. 

Ezinye izimpawu ezihambisanayo

Ngaphezu kokuvuvukala okungenzeka ezindaweni ezithile, i-teratoma ingabangela ezinye izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• ubuhlungu besisu ku-teratoma ye-ovarian;
• ukungakhululeki kokuphefumula lapho i-teratoma itholakala ku-mediastinum;
• ukuphazamiseka komchamo noma ukuqunjelwa lapho i-teratoma itholakala endaweni ye-coccyx;
• ikhanda, ukuhlanza kanye nokuphazamiseka okubukwayo lapho i-teratoma itholakala ebuchosheni.

Ubungozi bezinkinga

Ukuba khona kwe-teratoma kungase kubonise ingozi yezinkinga. Kwabesifazane, i-teratoma ye-ovarian ingaholela ezinkingeni eziningana ezifana nalezi:

• i-adnexal torsion ehambisana nokujikeleza kwe-ovary kanye ne-fallopian tube;
• ukutheleleka kwe-cyst;
• i-cyst ephukile.

Ukuphathwa kwe-teratomas ikakhulukazi ukuhlinzwa. Ukuhlinzwa kuhilela ukususa i-teratoma. Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlinzwa kulekelelwa nge-chemotherapy. Lokhu kuncike kumakhemikhali ukuze abhubhise amaseli anesifo.

Izindlela ezihilelekile ekuthuthukiseni i-teratoma azikaqondwa ngokugcwele futhi yingakho kungekho ukuvimbela okuqondile.