Isihlahla

Incazelo

Izinhlamvu ezinjenge-Sorghum (i-Latin Sorghum, okusho ukuthi "ukuvuka"), zithandwa njengezinto ezingokwemvelo zokwenza imishanelo esezingeni eliphezulu ngenxa yesiqu saso eside futhi esiqinile.

Izwe lakulesi sitshalo minyaka yonke yi-East Africa, lapho lesi sitshalo sakhuliswa khona ngekhulu le-4 BC. Lesi sitshalo sasakazeka kabanzi eNdiya, ezwenikazi laseYurophu, e-Asia, naseMelika.

Ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nezulu elomile nelishisayo, amabele kade waba ngumkhiqizo wokudla obaluleke kakhulu futhi usengumthombo wokudla omkhulu kubantu bezwekazi lase-Afrika.

Namuhla amabele angesinye sezitshalo ezinhlanu ezithandwa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele futhi athole ukwenziwa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zomsebenzi wabantu. Lesi siko sikhula kahle ezifundeni eziseningizimu.

Umlando wamabele

Amabele adume njengesivuno samabele kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Ngokusho kukaLinnaeus noVntra, eNdiya, indawo yokuzalwa kwamabele, babewulima eminyakeni eyi-3000 BC.

Kodwa-ke, akukho mabele asendle we-Kindred atholakele eNdiya. Ngakho-ke, isazi sezitshalo saseSwitzerland u-A.Dandandol uthambekele ekukholelweni ukuthi amabele avela e-equatorial Africa, lapho izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kakhulu zalesi sitshalo manje sezigxile khona. Abanye ososayensi baseMelika banamathela embonweni ofanayo. Amabele ayaziwa eChina kusukela ngonyaka ka 2000 BC. e.

Ngakho-ke, akukho ukuvumelana ngemvelaphi yamabele. Umuntu angacabanga nje ukuthi ukuzalwa kwalesi siko kuhlotshaniswa ngokulinganayo ne-Afrika, India, neChina, lapho ezolimo zavela khona ngokuzimela. Imibhalo yaseJalimane ibuye iphawule ukuthi amabele avela emithonjeni eminingi okungenani enemisuka emibili - i-equatorial Africa ne-Abyssinia. I-India ibizwa nangokuthi isikhungo sesithathu.

Europe

USorghum wavela eYurophu ngemuva kwesikhathi. Noma kunjalo, ukukhulunywa kwayo okokuqala kuqukethe umsebenzi kaPliny Omdala (23-79 AD) "Umlando Wezemvelo," lapho kuphawulwa khona ukuthi amabele alethwa eRoma evela eNdiya. Lesi sitatimende siqagela kakhulu.

Iningi labaphenyi linquma usuku lwamuva lokungena kwamabele ezwenikazi laseYurophu - ikhulu le-15th ngenkathi lilethwa lisuka eNdiya ngabaseGeneese kanye nabaseVenetians. Kwakuphakathi kwekhulu le-XV-XVI. Ukufundwa nokusatshalaliswa kwesiko lamabele eYurophu kuyaqala. Ekhulwini le-XVII. USorghum walethwa eMelika. Njengoba kusikiselwe ososayensi baseMelika nabaseSoviet, amabele angena kubantu bendawo ababethunjwe ebugqilini base-Afrika enkabazwe.

Ukusabalala komhlaba

Ngenxa yalokho, sekuvele ngekhulu le-XVII. Amabele ayedume kuwo wonke amazwekazi, kepha izindawo zawo zokutshala kwakuseyiNdiya, iChina kanye ne-equatorial Africa. Lapho kugxilwe ngaphezu kuka-95% wakho konke ukukhiqizwa komhlaba kwalesi sitshalo. Intshisekelo yamabele eYurophu naseMelika yaqala ukuzibonakalisa kuphela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19, ngesikhathi sokungeniswa kwayo kwesibili kusuka eChina kuya eFrance naseMelika. Ngokuka-AG Shapoval, ngo-1851, inxusa laseFrance laletha imbewu eyodwa yamabele esiqhingini saseZung-Ming; yahlwanyelwa eFrance yathola imbewu engu-800. Ngo-1853, lezi zinhlamvu zangena eMelika.

Umhwebi waseNgilandi u-1851 uLeonard Vreidrie Hal waya eNingizimu Melika futhi waba nentshisekelo ezinhlotsheni eziningi zamabele ezatshalwa amaZulu namaKaffirs. Ngo-1854 wahlwanyela izinhlobo eziyi-16 zaleli siko ayeze nalo e-Italy, eSpain naseFrance. Lezi zinhlobo zamabele kaffir zafika eMelika ngo-1857 futhi zaqala zasakazwa ezifundeni zaseCarolina naseGeorgia.

Amabele akhula kanjani

Amabele isitshalo sokudla okusanhlamvu esithanda ukungathobeki esinesistimu yezimpande ethuthukile.

Isihlahla

Akunzima ukutshala lesi sitshalo ngoba sibonisa isivuno esihle, akusona isidingo ngenhlabathi, futhi singakhula ngisho nasezimeni zomhlaba ezingezansi. Okuwukuphela kokubi ukuthi ayilibekezeleli kahle iqabaka.

Kodwa amabele amelana ngokuphelele nesomiso, amelana nezinambuzane eziningi eziyingozi kanye nezifo; ngakho-ke, ezimweni eziningi, ayidingi ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezibizayo.

Ukwakheka nokuqukethwe kwekhalori

  • Amaprotheni 11g
  • Amafutha 4g
  • Amakhabhohayidrethi 60g

Okuqukethwe kwekhalori okusanhlamvu uSorghum kungama-323 kcal ngamagremu ayi-100 womkhiqizo.

Iqukethe izinto ezilandelayo eziwusizo: i-calcium; i-potassium; i-phosphorus; i-sodium; i-magnesium; ithusi; selenium; zinc; insimbi; i-manganese; molybdenum. Amavithamini nawo akhona kumabele. Lesi sitshalo sicebiswe ngamaqembu amavithamini alandelayo: B1; NGO-2; NGO-6; KUSUKA; I-PP H; i-folic acid.

Isihlahla

Izinzuzo zezempilo zamabele

Amabele angaba mhlophe, aphuzi, ansundu, futhi abe mnyama. Izinzuzo zephalishi ezivela ezinhlamvini ezinjalo kunzima ukuzidlula. Njengoba sekushiwo, amabele ayinqolobane yamavithamini, futhi okokuqala - amavithamini eqembu I.

I-Thiamine (B1) inomphumela omuhle emisebenzini yobuchopho nomsebenzi ophakeme wezinzwa. Kubuye kujwayeze uketshezi lwesisu, futhi ukusebenza kwemisipha yenhliziyo kukhulisa isifiso sokudla futhi kwandise nezwi lemisipha. Amabele adlula ezinye izitsha eziningi zokusanhlamvu ngokuqukethwe yi-riboflavin (B2). Le vithamini isekela ukukhula kwezikhumba nezipikili nokukhula kwezinwele. Ekugcineni, i-pyridoxine (B6) ivuselela imetabolism.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, amabele yi-antioxidant enhle kakhulu. Amakhemikhali e-polyphenolic afakwe ekwakhiweni kwawo aqinisa amasosha omzimba, avikele umzimba ethonyeni lezinto ezimbi zemvelo. Baphikisana nemiphumela yotshwala nogwayi. Ngokuvamile, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ama-blueberries angumholi wokuqukethwe kwe-polyphenol.

Eqinisweni, kukhona u-5 mg walezi zakhi zomzimba nge-100 g yama-blueberries kanye no-62 mg nge-100 g yamabele! Kepha amabele okusanhlamvu anokukodwa, kepha ukubuyela emuva okubaluleke kakhulu - ukugaya okuphansi (cishe amaphesenti angama-50) Lokhu kubangelwa ngokunembile inani elinyukile lama-tannins afinyeziwe (iqembu lama-phenolic compounds).

Isihlahla

Amaprotheni amabele, i-kafirin ayitholi kalula. Kubazalisi emazweni lapho amabele eyisitshalo esikhulu, ukwandisa ukugayeka kokusanhlamvu kwamabele kuyinselelo enkulu.

Ukulimaza nokuphikisana

Odokotela abancomi ukusebenzisa amabele uma uzwela kulo mkhiqizo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamabele

Izinhlamvu zamabele zathola ukusetshenziswa okubanzi njengezinto zokukhiqiza ukudla: okusanhlamvu, isitashi nofulawa, okuvela kuwo okusanhlamvu, ama-tortilla. Abantu futhi bayisebenzisela ukubhaka isinkwa, ngaphambi kokusixuba nofulawa kakolweni nge-viscosity engcono.

Isitashi esikhishwe kulezi zitshalo sisetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yempuphu kanye nephepha, izimboni zezimayini nezindwangu, nemithi. Ngokuya ngokuqukethwe kwesitashi, amabele adlula ngisho ummbila, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuwukhulisa.

Izinhlobonhlobo zikashukela ziqukethe ushukela wemvelo ongafika kuma-20% (ukugxila kwawo okuphezulu kuseziqu ngokushesha ngemuva kwesigaba sokuqhakaza), ngakho-ke lesi sitshalo siyinto eluhlaza yokukhiqiza ujamu, ama-molasses, ubhiya, amaswidi ahlukahlukene notshwala.

Izicelo zokupheka

Isihlahla

I-sorghum inokunambitheka okungathathi hlangothi, okumnandi kancane kwezinye izimo, ngakho-ke ingaba umkhiqizo oguquguqukayo wezinhlobonhlobo zokupheka. Lo mkhiqizo uvame ukuba yimpahla eluhlaza yokukhiqiza isitashi, ufulawa, okusanhlamvu (umzala), ukudla kwezingane, notshwala.

I-lemongrass iyathandwa ngenxa yephunga layo elisha lamawolintshi eCaribbean nase-cuisine yase-Asia yokudla kwasolwandle, inyama, inhlanzi nemifino yemifino. Bahlanganisa okusanhlamvu negalikhi, upelepele oshisayo, ujinja. Amabele welamula afakwa kumasoso, amasobho, iziphuzo. Ushukela ushukela wenza ama-syrups amnandi, ama-molasses, ujamu, neziphuzo ezinjengebhiya, i-mead, i-kvass ne-vodka.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lesi yisona kuphela isitshalo esinejusi yalo equkethe cishe u-20% ushukela. Kulesi sitshalo sokusanhlamvu, kutholakala okusanhlamvu okunomsoco futhi okumnandi, amakhekhe ayisicaba, nemikhiqizo ye-confectionery.

Amabele ku-cosmetology

Ukukhishwa, kanye nejusi yamabele, kusebenza kwizimonyo njenge-ejenti evuselelayo neqinisayo. Lesi sithako sicebile ngama-peptide ayinkimbinkimbi, ama-polyepoxides, ne-sucrose. Okuqukethwe kwamakhemikhali e-polyphenolic (ikakhulukazi ama-anthocyanins) aphindwe izikhathi eziyishumi kunama-blueberries. Iqukethe nama-amino acid, i-phenolcarboxylic acid, i-pentaoxiflavan namavithamini angavamile (i-PP, A, B10, B1, B2, B5, H, choline) nama-macroelements (i-phosphorus, i-magnesium, i-potassium, i-calcium, i-iron, ithusi, i-silicon).

Ukuhlinzeka ngomphumela wokuphakamisa isikhathi esisheshayo futhi ngasikhathi sinye, ujusi wamabele wakha ifilimu eguquguqukayo, eyelulekayo ebusweni besikhumba. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ijwayele ukukhulula okuncane nokukhulu esikhunjeni, ishiye isikhumba singcole, sibushelelezi futhi sikhazimule. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi umphumela wokukhishwa kwamabele esikhumbeni ubude ngokwanele: ama-peptide ayinkimbinkimbi ahlinzeka ngalo mphumela ekwakhiweni kwawo.

Ukukhishwa kwamabele

Ukukhishwa kwamabele kusiza ukufeza umugqa ocijile webala elikhazimula ngokwengeziwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lesi sithako sinikeza nomphumela wokuphumula, ohlangene unikeza umphumela ovuselelayo wokuvuselela ngisho nokusetshenziswa okufushane. Kuyaziwa futhi muva nje ukuthi ukukhishwa kwamabele kukwazi ukubonisa imisebenzi elwa nokuvuvukala.

Izingxenye zomhlabathi zamabele zinothe ngamaprotheni nezinye izinto ezibalulekile zokuphilayo. Ngakho-ke, zingumthombo owengeziwe wezithako zezimonyo, ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizeni ama-peptide ngamanye (ama-hydrolysates). Ocwaningweni lwakamuva, ososayensi babaphatha ngama-enzyme ama-proteolytic adiliza amaprotheni abe ama-peptide. Kuvele ukuthi ama-peptide hydrolysates ahambisana kahle nama-fibroblast esikhumba somuntu nama-enzyme ancishisiwe aqeda i-collagen ne-elastin.

Iphalishi lamabele elinobhontshisi omnyama, i-amaranth ne-avocado

Izithako

Isihlahla

Ukupheka

  1. Dlulisa ubhontshisi ogeziwe esitsheni bese ufaka ama-200 ml. amanzi amahora ama-4, engasekho. Musa ukukhipha amanzi.
  2. Esikhunjeni esikhulu, uwoyela wokushisa nendawo anyanisi. Shayela imizuzu emihlanu, uvuselele ngezikhathi ezithile, kuze kube yithenda, bese ufaka uhhafu kagalikhi oqoshiwe bese upheka omunye umzuzu owodwa. Beka ubhontshisi ngamanzi; amanzi kufanele amboze ngo-5-1 cm; uma kuncane - engeza amanzi angeziwe namathumba.
  3. Nciphisa ukushisa kuye phansi, susa noma yiliphi igwebu elivelayo, engeza i-coriander, ikhava bese ubila ihora elilodwa.
  4. Faka amathisipuni ama-2-3 kasawoti ukunambitha, okusele ugarlic, ne-coriander. Yima elinye ihora elilodwa, kuze kube yilapho ubhontshisi uthambile futhi umhluzi uqine futhi unambitheka. Nambitha ngosawoti bese wengeza njengoba kudingeka.
  5. Ngenkathi ubhontshisi ubila, pheka amabele. Hlanza okusanhlamvu ugovuze epanini ngezinkomishi ezintathu zamanzi. Faka usawoti bese uletha ngamathumba. Nciphisa ukushisa, ikhava, bese ubila imizuzu engama-3, kuze kube yilapho izinhlamvu zithamba. Khipha amanzi asele bese ubuyisela okusanhlamvu ebhodweni. Vala isembozo bese usibeka eceleni isikhashana.
  6. Lapho ubhontshisi usulungile, uwahlanganise namaqabunga e-amaranth bese upheka eminye imizuzu eyi-10, kuze kube yilapho imifino ithambile.
  7. Hlukanisa amabele ezitsheni eziyisithupha zokuphaka, uphonsa nobhontshisi kanye ne-amaranth. Khonza nge-avocado eqoshiwe ne-coriander. Uma ungenaso isikhala esanele, engeza usosi omncane noma upelepele oluhlaza oqoshiwe.
  8. Fafaza i-feta cheese ngaphezulu bese ukhonza.

shiya impendulo