Imithambo ye-saphenous itholakala emlenzeni futhi iqinisekisa ukubuya kwegazi eliyingozi. Le mithambo emibili yomlenze ongezansi inomsebenzi wokuqinisekisa ukujikeleza kokugeleza kwegazi kuya ohlangothini olulodwa, endleleni enyukayo okumele ilwe namandla adonsela phansi. 

I-pathology eyinhloko ethinta le mithambo ukuvela kwemithambo ye-varicose. Kodwa-ke, kukhona ukwelashwa, ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa nakho kungenzeka.

Umthambo omkhulu we-saphenous ne-vein encane ye-saphenous ziyingxenye yalokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-peripheral venous network. Kungenxa yamavalvu we-venous ukuthi igazi likwazi ukujikeleza kuphela ohlangothini olulodwa: kuya enhliziyweni.

Leli gama lisuselwa ku-etymologically lisuselwa ku-safina yesi-Arabhu, saphenous, uqobo lwayo mhlawumbe olususelwa egameni lesiGreki elisho ukuthi "kuyabonakala, kuyabonakala". Ngakho-ke, abaqoqi begazi ababili abakhulu be-longitudinal venous venous abatholakala emlenzeni bakhiwa:

• umthambo omkhulu we-saphenous (obizwa nangokuthi umthambo wangaphakathi we-saphenous);
• umthambo omncane we-saphenous (obizwa nangokuthi umthambo wangaphandle we-saphenous). 

Zombili ziyingxenye yenethiwekhi ekha phezulu yenhlungu. Umthambo omkhulu we-saphenous ngakho-ke ukhuphukela emgodini, ukujoyina inethiwekhi ejulile. Ngokuqondene nomthambo omncane we-saphenous, nawo ugelezela kwinethiwekhi ejulile, kepha ngemuva kwedolo.

Amanethiwekhi amabili akha, eqinisweni, imithambo yomlenze ongezansi: enye ijulile, enye ingaphezulu, futhi womabili aqondiswe komunye nomunye emazingeni amaningana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le mithambo yesitho esingezansi inikezwa ngama-valve. Ama-valve amafolda alinganayo ngaphakathi komsele, nangu umthambo, ovimbela ukugeleza kwangemuva ketshezi.

Umsebenzi womzimba wemithambo e-saphenous ukuletha ukugeleza kwegazi elinemithambo kusuka phansi kuya phezulu emzimbeni, ukuze likwazi ukufinyelela enhliziyweni. Umthambo omkhulu we-saphenous kanye nomthambo omncane we-saphenous uyabandakanyeka ekujikelezeni kwegazi. 

Indlela yegazi iyakhuphuka ezingeni lemithambo emibili engenamanzi: ngakho-ke kufanele ilwe nomphumela wamandla adonsela phansi. Ama-valous venous ngakho-ke aphoqa igazi ukuba ligeleze liqonde ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela: liya enhliziyweni. Umsebenzi wamaphayiphu ukuhlukanisa ukugeleza kwegazi emthanjeni, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukusakazwa kwendlela eyodwa. 

I-pathologies enkulu engathinta imithambo ye-saphenous yangaphakathi nangaphandle iyimithambo ye-varicose. Eqinisweni, lokhu kungafani kuthinta, ezimweni eziningi, le mithambo emibili ekha phezulu ehambisana nomlenze. Imithambo ye-Varicose ibangelwa yimithambo evuzayo yama-venous.

Yini imithambo ye-varicose? 

Lapho kuvuleka ama-venous venous of the saphenous veins, lokhu kubangela ukunwebeka kwemithambo, bese iba lukhuni: ibizwa ngemithambo ye-varicose, noma i-varicose veins. Imithambo ye-Varicose ingenzeka noma kuphi emzimbeni. Kepha empeleni, zithinta kakhulu imithambo engaphezulu yezitho ezingezansi (futhi zivame kakhulu futhi emgodini nakumsele wangasese).

Imithambo ye-Varicose yemithambo esiphundu ingadala ukuphazamiseka kwezimonyo okulula, noma idale izinkinga ezinkulu zezokwelapha. Lapho ama-valve evuza, ngakho-ke igazi lihlehlela emuva lisuka emithanjeni ejulile liye emithanjeni engaphezulu, esebenza kahle kancane futhi igazi liqoqana lapho. 

Izimbangela zokunganele kwe-valve zingaba ngale ndlela elandelayo:

• umsuka wokuzalwa;
• ukucindezelwa ngomshini (ukuma isikhathi eside noma ukukhulelwa), imisebenzi ethile isengozini enkulu (isibonelo abalungisa izinwele noma abathengisi);
• ukuguga.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokwelashwa zokwelapha imithambo ye-varicose yemithambo ye-saphenous:

• Izitokisi zokucindezelwa: ukugqoka imithambo ye-varicose (noma amasokisi wokuminyanisa) kwesinye isikhathi kuphakanyiswa iziguli ezinezimpawu ezimnene, noma ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa ezinganconyelwe zona;
• I-Sclerosis: kwenziwa ngokujova imithambo ye-varicose ngesisombululo esidala ukuvuvukala kwegazi. Lapho indawo iphola, bese iba yisibazi esizovimba umthambo;
• I-Radiofrequency: ukuvalwa okungapheli kwe-radiofrequency kuqukethe ukusebenzisa amandla ama-radiofrequency ukushisa imithambo ye-varicose nokuyivala;
• I-Laser: ukuvalwa kwe-laser kuqukethe ukusebenzisa le laser ukuvala imithambo;
• Ukuhlubula: lokhu kungukuhlinzwa okuhlinzwa. Kubandakanya ukufaka induku eguquguqukayo emthanjeni we-varicose, bese uyisusa ngokususa umthambo. Ngakho-ke ihlose ukususa ngqo imithambo ye-varicose, kanye nemithambo yegciwane lesifo enesifo.

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwama-venous okungapheli kuthinta abantu abaphakathi kuka-11 no-24% emazweni asethuthukile uma kuqhathaniswa no-5% kuphela e-Afrika kanye no-1% e-India. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kuthinta abesifazane abathathu kowesilisa oyedwa. Isiguli ngokuvamile sibonisana nodokotela waso ojwayelekile, ngenxa yesifo esisebenzayo, isifiso sobuhle noma umthambo we-varicose, okungajwayelekile i-edema. Eqinisweni, kuvela ukuthi iziguli ezingama-70% ezibonana okokuqala ngezizathu zokungazwani kwemithambo yegazi kuqala zihlushwa isisindo emilenzeni yazo (ngokocwaningo lwaseFrance olwenziwe ngaphezu kweziguli ezi-3 ngokwesilinganiso ezineminyaka engama-500).

Ukuhlolwa kwezempilo okunembile

Lokhu kubuzwa kuzokwenza ukuthi kutholakale esigulini ukwelashwa okungaba khona, ukungezwani nezinto ezithile, umlando waso wezokwelapha futhi ikakhulukazi ngokuhlinzwa, noma ukuphuka noplasitela, ekugcineni umlando wesifo se-thromboembolic, kuye noma emndenini waso.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela ojwayelekile uzohlola izinto ezinobungozi bokungasebenzi kahle kwama-venous, kufaka phakathi:

• ufuzo;
• ubudala;
• ubulili;
• inani lokukhulelwa kowesifazane;
• isisindo nokuphakama;
• ukungasebenzi komzimba;
• umsebenzi womzimba.

Ukuhlolwa okujulile komtholampilo

Kuqukethe ukubuka isiguli esimi esitebhisini se-phlebology. Izitho zakhe zangaphansi zize kuze kube semgodini, ngaphandle kwebhandeshi noma ukuzibamba.

Sihamba kanjani isivivinyo?

Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa kusuka phansi kuya phezulu, kusukela ezinzwaneni kuze kufike okhalweni, isitho ngasinye ngemuva kokuziphumuza kwemisipha. Isiguli kufanele siphenduke. Lokhu kuhlolwa bese kuqhubeka nesiguli silele phansi, kulokhu etafuleni lokuhlola (ukukhanya kufanele kube kwekhwalithi enhle). Kuyadingeka ngempela ukubona ngeso lengqondo imikhumbi. Lokhu kubheka kugcizelela phezulu komlenze nangaphansi kwethanga ngoba imithambo yokuqala ebonakalayo ye-varicose, ingxenye enkulu, ikhona kuqala ezingeni lamadolo. Ngemuva kwalokho i-ultrasound ingabonakala inesidingo.

Kuyadingeka futhi ukuthi udokotela azi ukuthi kungakuhle, phambi kwemithambo ebalulekile ye-varicose, ukuthi afune izinto eziyingozi ekuveleni kwesilonda semithambo.

Lezi zici eziyingozi yilezi:

• ukukhuluphala;
• i-ankle dorsiflexion elinganiselwe;
• ugwayi;
• isiqephu se-vein thrombosis ejulile;
• i-corona phlebectatica (noma ukunwebeka kwemithambo encane engaphansi komphetho wonyawo);
• ushintsho esikhunjeni somlenze (njengobukhona be-eczema).

Umlando wokujikeleza kwegazi ukweleta kakhulu usosayensi wekhulu le-XNUMXth^e Ikhulu leminyaka uWilliam Harvey, owaluthola futhi waluchaza ngempela. Kepha, njenganoma yikuphi ukutholwa kwesayensi, kususelwa olwazini olutholakele, lwabuzwa, lwaqoqwa eminyakeni edlule.

Isethulo sokuqala esatholakala senhliziyo ngakho-ke umdwebo wedwala osukela esikhathini saseMagdalenian (cishe - eminyakeni eyi-18 kuya kwengama-000 BC), emhumeni wase-El Pindal (Asturias): impela, inhliziyo ikhona. kudwetshwe ku-mammoth efana ne-patch ebomvu esimweni senhliziyo yekhadi elidlalayo. Eminyakeni edlule, abase-Asiriya bazobeka ukuhlakanipha nenkumbulo enhliziyweni. Kwathi ngo-12 BC, eGibhithe lasendulo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo kwakuvamile. Inhliziyo bese ichazwa njengesikhungo semikhumbi.

UHippocrates (460 - 377 BC) wayichaza kahle inhliziyo. Ukucabanga kwakhe komzimba kwakungalungile: kodwa kuye, i-atria iheha umoya, i-ventricle efanele ifaka igazi emthanjeni wamaphaphu ukondla iphaphu, i-ventricle yangakwesokunxele iqukethe umoya kuphela. Ngemuva kwemibono eminingi elandelanayo, kuzodingeka ukulinda i-XVI^e ekhulwini leminyaka, e-Italy, ukuze u-André Césalpin abe ngowokuqala ukubona umjikelezo wegazi. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, ukunyakaza kwegazi bekucatshangwa njengokuncipha nokugeleza. NguCésalpin othi umbono wokujikeleza kwegazi, okunguye futhi owokuqala ukusebenzisa leli gama.

Ekugcineni, uWilliam Harvey (1578-1657) nomsebenzi wakhe Ucwaningo lwe-anatomical lokuhamba kwenhliziyo negazi ezilwaneni izoguqula umbono wokujikeleza kwegazi. Ngakho, uyabhala: “Nomaphi lapho kunegazi, inkambo yalo ihlala ifana, kungaba semithanjeni noma emithanjeni. Kusukela kuma-arterioles, uketshezi ludlulela emithanjeni ye-parenchyma, futhi amandla enhliziyo anele ukwenza lolu shintsho.»

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uHarvey ukhombisa ukuthi ama-valve emithanjeni anomsebenzi wokusiza ukubuyela kwegazi enhliziyweni. Le mbono yezinguquko iphikisana nabaphikisi abanolaka. Kodwa-ke, uLouis XIV waphumelela ukuyiphoqa ikakhulukazi ngokusebenzisa umxhumanisi kadokotela wakhe ohlinzayo uDionis.