Okuqukethwe
Incazelo
Ukudlwengulwa, njengowoyela odlwenguliwe ezweni lethu, kunqoba izindawo ezihlwanyelwe ngokwengeziwe. Futhi ngendlela efanayo, uwoyela odlwenguliwe uvela kaningi etafuleni lethu. Kuze kube manje - kuphela njengokuzama noma isilingo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi - vele njengesithako esijwayelekile ekudleni.
Ezingeni lamafutha amnandi futhi anempilo, uwoyela womnqumo nowelisiwe usendaweni yokuqala emazweni aseYurophu, kulandelwa uwoyela odlwenguliwe, bese kuba uwoyela wethu wendabuko we-sunflower kuphela.
Wonke amafutha emifino asuselwa kuma-acids amathathu: i-oleic (i-Omega-9), i-linoleic (i-Omega-6) ne-linolenic (i-Omega-3). Ukwakheka kwawo kumafutha adlwenguliwe kulinganiswe kahle, futhi lokhu akunjalo kunoma uwoyela ongawo owomnqumo.
Uwoyela ophuziwe owenziwe ngokukhethekile uqukethe okunamafutha acid ahlukahlukene ngakho-ke unempilo ukwedlula uwoyela we-premium obizayo. Namuhla, uwoyela odlwenguliwe ususetshenziswa kakhulu ekudleni okuhlukahlukene okunempilo, esikhundleni samanye amafutha omifino.
Izinga lamanye amafutha liphansi futhi ukugayeka kokudla kunzima kakhulu. I-Omega-9 (lawa yi-monounsaturated fatty acids, yehlisa izinga le-cholesterol “embi” egazini) kumafutha adlwenguliwe 50 - 65%, emafutheni omnqumo - 55 - 83%.
Umlando wabadlwenguliwe
Ukudlwengula kwakulinywa kusukela kudala - kuyaziwa emasikweni emuva eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezine BC. Abanye abacwaningi babheka izwe labadlwenguliwe, noma, njengoba abaseYurophu beyibiza kanjalo, i-reps, iYurophu, ikakhulukazi iSweden, iNetherlands neGreat Britain, abanye - iMedithera.
EYurophu, ukudlwengulwa kudume ngekhulu le-13, lapho kwakusetshenziselwa khona ukudla nokukhanyisa izakhiwo, njengoba uwoyela odlwenguliwe usha kahle futhi ungabhemi. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwamandla kagesi, ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezimbonini kwakulinganiselwe.
Kepha maphakathi nekhulu le-19, abadlwenguliwe base bedume kakhulu - kwatholakala ukuthi uwoyela odlwenguliwe unamathela kangcono kunanoma iyiphi enye into yokuthambisa ezintweni zensimbi ezihlangana namanzi nesitimu. Futhi imboni kawoyela encane ngaleso sikhathi yayingasenelisi sonke isidingo samafutha obuchwepheshe.
Kodwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ukubonakala kwenani elikhulu lemikhiqizo kawoyela eshibhile kwabangela ukwehla okukhulu komthamo wokutshalwa kwe-rapeseed.
Ukudlwengulwa kwesinye isikhathi kubizwa ngomnqumo wasenyakatho, ngokusobala ngoba uwoyela otholakala ezimbewini zawo ucishe ufane nowoyela womnqumo ekunambithekeni nasezakhiweni zawo zomsoco. Kodwa-ke, baqala ukukhuluma ngezinzuzo zayo muva nje. Kuze kube yiminyaka yama-60s yekhulu lama-20, uwoyela odlwenguliwe wawusetshenziselwa izinhloso zobuchwepheshe kuphela - ezimbonini zendwangu nezesikhumba, ekwenziweni kwensipho nasekukhiqizeni uwoyela wokomisa.
Baqala ukudla uwoyela odlwenguliwe kuphela ngemuva kwendlela ephumelelayo yokuhlanza imbewu kusuka ku-acid erucic acid, etholakala ngobuningi emafutheni, kuze kufike ku-47-50%.
Njengomphumela weminyaka eminingi yomsebenzi wokuzalela ngo-1974 eCanada, izinhlobo ezintsha zabadlwenguliwe zavunyelwa, ezibizwa nge- “canola” ezivela enhlanganisweni yamagama amabili - iCanada kanye namafutha (uwoyela), lapho isabelo se-erucic acid singadluli 2%. Futhi yize uwoyela we-canola usengowaseRussia, uyathandwa kakhulu eCanada, e-USA naseNtshonalanga Yurophu.
Ukwakhiwa kukawoyela odlwenguliwe
Isici sembewu yokudlwengula ukutholakala kwamakhemikhali e-organic sulfur - ama-thioglucosides (ama-glucosinolates), kanye nama-amino acid ane-sulphur. Ukukhethwa kwe-non-erukism kuvele ukuthi kuxhunyaniswe ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nokukhethwa kokuqukethwe okuphansi kwama-glucosinolates.
I-rapeseed iwukudla okunamaprotheni amaningi, iqukethe amaprotheni angu-40-50%, alinganiselayo ekubunjweni kwe-amino acid, efana ne-soy. Kodwa ukudla kuqukethe i-glucosinolates (i-glycosides ye-monosaccharides lapho i-oksijini yeqembu le-carbonyl ithathelwa indawo i-athomu yesibabule), imikhiqizo yokubola kwabo - i-sulfate ye-inorganic kanye ne-isothiocyanates - inezindawo ezinobuthi.
Ezinhlobonhlobo zesimanje zembewu yokudlwengulwa ethanjiswe ngamafutha, okuqukethwe ngama-glucosinolates akweqi i-1% ngesisindo sento eyomile engenamafutha. Ukutholwa okuqondile nokuhlaziywa kwamanani ama-thiogucosides nama-isothiocyanate kuma-rapeseed namafutha kuyasebenza, kudla isikhathi futhi akusebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngalesi sizathu, ukutholakala kwamakhemikhali ashiwo ngenhla kwehlulelwa ngokuqukethwe kwesulfure sulfur.
Uwoyela ophekiwe uqukethe i-linoleic, i-linolenic, i-oleic fatty acids, amavithamini A, D, E, kanye ne-antioxidan
Uwoyela ophekiwe ususabalele kakhulu emkhakheni wezimboni ikakhulu ngenxa yokwakheka kwawo ngendlela engajwayelekile. Ukwakheka kwamafutha acid kuhlanganisa ukungcola okukhulu kwama-acid ayisisekelo - kusuka kuma-40 kuye ngaphezu kwama-60% wevolumu kawoyela iwela ku-erucic acid, kuze kufike ku-10% - ku-ekozenic acid.
Kukholakala ukuthi womabili la ma-asidi anomthelela omubi ngokweqile esimweni se-myocardium nokusebenza kwenhliziyo. Ngakho-ke, namuhla uwoyela ohloselwe ukusetshenziswa kwangaphakathi ukhiqizwa kusuka ku-varietal rapeseed, okuqukethwe kwala ma-acid ancishiswe ngokungeyikho.
Kuwoyela ofanele ukusetshenziswa kwangaphakathi, ukwakheka okungaphezu kwama-50% kuwela ku-oleic acid, kuze kufike ku-30% - ku-linoleic acid, kuze kufike ku-13% - ku-alpha-linolenic acid.
Izinzuzo zikawoyela odlwenguliwe
Amafutha amaningi emifino abaluleke kakhulu kokuqukethwe kwawo ngama-polyunsaturated fatty acids, angakhiqizwa emzimbeni, kepha abalulekile ekugcineni izinqubo eziningi ezibalulekile.
Ukuxakaniseka kwalezi zinto, okuvamise ukubizwa ngovithamini F, oqukethe ama-omega-3, 6 no-9 acid, nakho kutholakala emafutheni adutshuliwe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kule oyili yemifino lapho u-omega-3 no-omega-6 acid ethulwa ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 2, futhi leli bhalansi libhekwa njengelifanele umzimba.
UVitamin F ubalulekile ekugcineni umzimba ujwayelekile we-metabolism, yingakho uwoyela odlwenguliwe uthathwa njengomkhiqizo onempilo. Ngokudla kwayo okwanele emzimbeni, i-lipid metabolism yejwayelekile, inani le-cholesterol eyingozi egazini liyancipha.
Ngakho-ke, ngokusetshenziswa okuvamile kwamafutha adlwenguliwe, ukwakheka kwama-cholesterol plaque ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi kuyehla, ngakho-ke, ingozi yokuthola isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi iyancipha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-omega acid asiza ekuqiniseni izindonga zemithambo yegazi, azenze zibe nokunwebeka futhi zihlale isikhathi eside.
I-Polyunsaturated fatty acids ibandakanyekile ezinkambisweni zokuzivuselela, ezidingekayo ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwenhliziyo, isibindi, amanyikwe, izinso, ubuchopho nezinye izitho. Ngenxa yamafutha e-polyunsaturated aqukethe, uwoyela odlwenguliwe uzosiza ekuqiniseni amasosha omzimba namasosha omzimba, asuse izinto eziyingozi emzimbeni, futhi asheshise ukululama ekuguleni.
Amavithamini emafutheni aphekiwe
Lo oyili wemifino uqukethe inani elanele likavithamini E, ukushoda kwalo okuthinta kabi isimo sesikhumba, izinwele, izinzipho, kanye nohlelo lomuntu lokuzala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le vithamini ingenye yama-antioxidants emvelo adingekayo ekugcineni intsha nempilo, njengoba ivimbela ukwakheka nokuqoqwa kwama-radicals mahhala emzimbeni.
Ngaphezu kukavithamini E, uwoyela odlwenguliwe uqukethe amavithamini B, uvithamini A nenani elikhulu lezinto ezilandelwayo (i-phosphorus, i-zinc, i-calcium, ithusi, i-magnesium, njll.), Ezidingekayo empilweni yawo wonke umuntu.
Amafutha aphekiwe anconywa ukuthi angeniswe ekudleni kwabantu abaphethwe yizifo zomgudu wamathumbu, ngoba inemiphumela yokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye nokuzivuselela, inciphisa i-asidi yejusi lesisu, futhi ibuye ibe nomphumela omncane we-laxative.
Uwoyela ophekiwe ulusizo ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane, ngoba izinto eziwenzayo ziyadingeka ekwakhiweni kwamahomoni ocansi abesifazane. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa njalo kwalo mkhiqizo kusiza ekunciphiseni ubungozi bokuzala, kanye nezifo zesitho sowesifazane sangasese, kufaka phakathi umdlavuza. Amafutha abanjwe kabusha nawo ayasiza kwabesifazane abakhulelwe: izinto eziqukethwe kuwo zinikela ekukhuleni okuvamile kombungu.
Ukuphulukisa umzimba nokuthola ukudla kwansuku zonke kwezinto eziningi eziwusizo, kwanele ukusebenzisa izipuni eziyi-1-2 zamafutha adlwenguliwe ngosuku.
Ukulimaza nokuphikisana
Amafutha eRapeseed aqukethe i-erucic acid. Okucacile kwale asidi ukuthi ayikwazi ukwephulwa ngama-enzyme omzimba, ngakho-ke ihlangana nezicubu futhi isize ukwehlisa ukukhula, ibambezela ukuqala kokuthomba.
Futhi, i-erucic acid iholela ekuphazamisekeni emsebenzini wohlelo lwe-cardiovascular, ibangela ukuqina kwesibindi nokungena kwemisipha yamathambo. Umkhawulo ophephile wokuqukethwe kwale asidi emafutheni ngu-0.3 - 0.6%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulinyazwa kukawoyela odlwenguliwe kubangelwa amakhompawundi aqukethe isalfure anezinto ezinobuthi - ama-glycosinolates, ama-thioglycosides kanye nemikhiqizo yawo.
Zithinta kabi indlala yegilo nezinye izitho, futhi zinikeze uwoyela ukunambitheka okumunyu.
Abafuyi bakhiqize izinhlobo ezi-rapese lapho okuqukethwe yi-erucic acid ne-thioglycosides kuncane noma kwehliswe ngokuphelele kwaba yi-zero.
Izimo zokusetshenziswa kukawoyela odlwenguliwe uhudo, ukungabekezelelani ngakunye, i-hepatitis engapheli engapheli, kanye ne-cholelithiasis esiteji esibi.
Nambitha izimfanelo zamafutha adlwenguliwe nokusetshenziswa kwawo ekuphekeni
Uwoyela ophekiwe ubonakala ngephunga elimnandi nokunambitheka okulula kwe-nutty, umbala ungahluka kusuka ophuzi okhanyayo kuye konsundu ocebile. Ekuphekeni, isetshenziswa njengokugqoka okuwusizo kwamasaladi, kanye nengxenye yamasoso ahlukahlukene, ama-marinades, imayonnaise.
Ochwepheshe bancoma ukusebenzisa umkhiqizo ngendlela yawo eluhlaza, ngoba uwoyela ophuziwe ungalahlekelwa izici zawo zokuqala ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokushisa.
Isici esivelele salolu hlobo lwamafutha impahla yaso okufanele igcinwe isikhathi eside, hhayi ukulahlekelwa obala nokungatholi iphunga elingathandeki nobumuncu besici, ngisho nangemva kwesikhathi eside. Izimo ezifanele zokugcina zigcinwa njengezindawo ezipholile, ezimnyama lapho uwoyela ophuziwe ungahlala khona kuze kube yiminyaka emihlanu.
Lapho ukhetha uwoyela odlwenguliwe, kufanele unake iqiniso lokuthi akukho simbi emnyama nefu ezansi kwebhodlela - kukhombisa ukuthi umkhiqizo ukwazile ukujika ube rancid. Futhi, ilebula lihlala likhombisa iphesenti le-erucic acid - imvamisa iba phakathi kuka-0.3 kuye ku-0.6%.
Amafutha aphekiwe ku-cosmetology
Uwoyela ophekiwe uthambisa, uthambisa, wondle futhi uvuselele isikhumba kahle, ngakho-ke uvame ukusetshenziselwa i-dermatology ne-cosmetology.
Izakhiwo zezimonyo zamafutha e-rapeseed zisetshenziselwa ukwenza imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yokunakekelwa kwezinwele nesikhumba. Ifanele isikhumba esinenkinga ejwayele ukuqubuka kwama-acne - ngefomu elihlanzekile noma engxenyeni yokubunjwa.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uwoyela odlwenguliwe uqukethe amavithamini, amaprotheni emvelo kanye ne-insulin, usawoti wamaminerali, kanye ne-acid - stearic ne-palmitic. Kungakuhle ukuthi uyisebenzise kokhilimu abenzelwe ukunakekela isikhumba esivuthiwe.
Ingxenye enhle yezimonyo zokunakekelwa kwezinwele - ama-conditioner, amaski, ama-balms.
Imvamisa isetshenziselwa ukwenza insipho ekuqaleni ngamafutha ayisisekelo.