sengqondo

Incazelo jikelele yalesi sifo

 

Lesi yisifo, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo lapho umuntu ephula khona umqondo weqiniso. Kungaphelezelwa ukusangana, ukukhohlisa, ukushintsha kwemizwelo ebucayi kakhulu, okujulile nokuvele kungazelelwe, isimo sokudangala okujulile, ukudangala, noma okuphambene nalokho - injabulo engalawulwa. Ku-psychosis, ukuphazamiseka kwezinqubo zokucabanga nakho kuyabonakala. Isimo esibucayi ngesimo esibuhlungu somuntu asikho nhlobo. Eziqeshini ze-psychotic, umuntu angabona, ezwe okuthile okungekho, futhi akholelwe kukho. Kwesinye isikhathi, lezi zimpawu zingamenza aphatheke kabi kwabanye noma azilimaze. Le ncazelo ivame ukukhonjwa nge-schizophrenia. Noma kungafani, ubukhona be-psychosis, kanye nezinye izimpawu, kungenye yezindlela ezichaza i-schizophrenia.[1].

Izimbangela zengqondo

Odokotela nososayensi basaqhubeka nokutadisha umbuzo wokuthi kungani abantu beba nengqondo. Kepha sekukhonjwe izizathu nezici eziningi ezingathi, ngazodwana noma ngokuhlangana, zibe nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo.

  • I-Genetics. Izakhi zofuzo eziningi zingadala isifo sengqondo. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ukuba khona okulula kwalokhu noma lelo gciwane kumuntu akusona isiqinisekiso esiphelele sokuthi umuntu uzoba nalesi sifo.
  • Ukuhlukumezeka kwengqondo.Isigameko esibuhlungu, njengokushona kothandekayo, impi, noma ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, kungadala isiqephu sezengqondo. Uhlobo lokulimala, umonakalo oludalayo, neminyaka yomuntu, kuthinta ukuthi ngabe isehlakalo esibuhlungu sizoholela ekuphazamisweni kwengqondo.
  • Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa notshwala. I-LSD, insangu, ama-amphetamine nezinye izidakamizwa, nokuphuza kungakhuphula kakhulu amathuba okuthuthuka kokusebenza kwengqondo kubantu asebevele benokuthambekela kwalesi sifo.
  • Ukugula ngokomzimba noma ukulimala.Ukulimala kwengqondo okulimazayo noma izimila, unhlangothi, i-HIV, kanye nezifo ezithile zobuchopho ezifana nesifo sika-Parkinson, isifo i-Alzheimer's kanye nokuwohloka komqondo nakho kungadala i-psychosis.
  • Iminyaka yobusha.Intsha kanye nabantu abadala basengozini enkulu yokuthola isiqephu se-psychosis ngenxa yezinguquko zamahomoni ebuchosheni babo ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokuthomba.

Kwesinye isikhathi i-psychosis ikhula njengesimo esithile kwezinye izifo ezithile: i-schizophrenia, ukudangala, i-bipolar disorder[3]… Sigxila kulokhu esigabeni sendatshana enikelwe ezinhlotsheni zengqondo.

Izimpawu zengqondo

I-Psychosis imane ingakhuli ngokuzumayo. Kodwa-ke, ezigabeni zokuqala, izimpawu zingacashile. Kwesinye isikhathi ukubonakaliswa kwayo akuhlukile kulezo zici zokuziphatha ezenzeka ebusheni ngesikhathi sokuguquka, ngakho-ke ukukhula kwesifo kunzima ukukuqaphela. Njengomthetho, abantu abasondelene, amalungu omndeni angabokuqala abangabona ukuvela kokuphambuka okuthile.

 

Izimpawu zokuqala zengqondo zibandakanya:

  • Ukwehla okwethusayo kokusebenza, ukukhathala;
  • Ukubunzima ukugxila
  • Ukusola noma ukukhathazeka;
  • Ukunganaki kokuzinakekela, inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu;
  • Ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi ezintweni ezijwayelekile, lapho umuntu abhekane nakho ngaphambili ngokushesha okukhulu;
  • Imizwa enamandla, engafanele, noma okuphambene nalokho - ukungabikho ngokuphelele kwalokhu[2].

Izimpawu zesifo esithuthukile zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nesiguli esisodwa singahlangabezana nezimpawu ezibalwe ngasikhathi sinye noma sishintshe ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngakho-ke, okulandelayo izimpawu ezijwayelekile zengqondo:

  • Imibono eyiphutha. Izinkolelo ezingamanga, ezingenangqondo azishintshi ngisho nangemva kobufakazi obunikeziwe futhi abwabiwa ngabanye abantu abavela kusizinda esifanayo samasiko.
  • Ukusangana. Umuntu uyakwazi ukubona, ukuzwa, ukuzwa, ukunambitha noma ukuhogela into engekho ngempela lapho. Ama-hallucinations ajwayelekile kakhulu ngesikhathi se-psychosis ngamazwi, athambekele ekuphakamiseni okuthile okungalungile.
  • Ukucabanga okuphazamisekile. Imicabango nenkulumo kungadideka noma kwehlise ijubane. Umuntu one-psychosis angadida amagama noma awasebenzise ngezindlela ezingajwayelekile, akhe amasha, asebenzise imisho exubile, noma ashintshe isihloko njalo. Bangaba nezinkinga zememori.
  • Ukuziphatha okuphazamisekile. Umuntu one-psychosis angakhathazeka, enze izinto zobuntwana, ahlanganyele noma athuke, noma aziphathe ngezinye izindlela ezingekho emthethweni. Bangase bangayinaki inhlanzeko yabo nemisebenzi yasendlini. Ezimweni ezinzima, bangayeka ukuphendula umhlaba obazungezile.[4].

Izinhlobo zengqondo

Ukwahlukaniswa kwezifo zengqondo kukhulu impela. Ngokwemvelaphi nezizathu zokubonakala kwabo, bahlukaniswe ngamaqembu alandelayo:

  • Okungapheli - kubangelwa izimbangela zangaphakathi, izifo zomzimba;
  • Okuvamile - kusekelwe kwisifo se-somatic;
  • I-Psychogenic - okuvela ngenxa yezinqubo zengqondo ezenzeka emzimbeni;
  • Organic - kubangelwa ukugula kobuchopho;
  • Okudakisayo - iba ngumphumela wokuchayeka ezintweni ezahlukahlukene ezinobuthi (izidakamizwa noma izinto ezidakayo, imithi, ubuthi bezimboni) nabanye.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-psychoses nawo angahlukaniswa ngokwezibonakaliso ezivelele zesiguli. Ukudana, i-manic, i-hypochondriacal nabanye, kufaka phakathi nezinhlanganisela zabo (isibonelo, ukucindezeleka komuntu).

Njengoba i-psychosis ivame ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izifo noma izimo zengqondo, izifo ezilandelayo zihlukaniswa njengezinhlobo zengqondo:

 
  1. 1 schizophrenia - ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okubonakala ngokucabanga okungaziphathi nokuziphatha, okuvame ukufaka ukukhohlisa kanye nemibono. Izimpawu zengqondo kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwezenhlalo noma komsebenzi kuqhubeka okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha.
  2. 2 Isifo seSchizophrenic: Izimpawu ziyefana ne-schizophrenia kepha ziphikelela inyanga eyodwa kuya kweziyisithupha.
  3. 3 Isifo seSchizoaffective - ihlanganisa izimpawu zombili i-schizophrenia kanye ne-affective disorder, nezinqubo zokucabanga ezingavamile nokuphazamiseka kwesimo esingokomzwelo.
  4. I-4 Delusional disorder - ifaka phakathi izinkolelo eziqinile, ezingamanga (ukukhohlisa). Ngokuvamile akukho ukuhlangana kwemibono. Ngaphezu kwethonya lokukhohlisa, ukusebenza kwengqondo nomuntu kungancishiswa ngokuphawulekayo, futhi isimilo siqondakala ngokusobala. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, ukukhohlisa kungamanga ngokwanele ukudala izinkinga ngempilo yansuku zonke.
  5. 5 I-psychosis esebenzayo - kubonakala ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa izidakamizwa noma utshwala, kunganyamalala ngemuva kokuphela kwesenzo sezinto. Kwezinye izimo, i-psychosis iqhubeka ngemuva kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kokuqala okubangelwa yizidakamizwa. Lokhu kuvame ukubonwa njengomphumela wemithi evuselelayo efana ne-methamphetamine (“tic”).
  6. 6 I-Dementia - ukuwohloka komqondo okuphikelelayo, ukulahleka kwamakhono afundwe olwazini ngenxa yokonakala komzimba emzimbeni wobuchopho, njengokuhlukumezeka ekhanda, ingculaza, i-postencephalitis, isifo i-Alzheimer's noma isimila sobuchopho.
  7. 7 Isifo se-bipolar - isimo sempilo yengqondo esithinta imizwa. Umuntu onesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo ushintsha phakathi kwemizwelo emibili ehluke kakhulu - ukucindezeleka, kanye nenjabulo enkulu, injabulo - imania.
  8. 8 Ukudangala okukhulu - abanye abantu abanengcindezi futhi banezimpawu zokugula kwengqondo, okuvela ngezikhathi zokucindezeleka okukhulu kakhulu[3].
  9. 9 I-Postpartum psychosis - Ikhula ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngemuva kokubeletha. Lokhu kuvame ukuba yingxenye yesifo esibi semizwelo, ushintsho lwehomoni.
  10. 10 I-Delirium - Izimpawu zengqondo zingaba yingxenye yesimo sokudideka esibuhlungu esenzeka ngenxa yesinye isifo esibi njenge-meningitis, i-sepsis, noma ngemuva kokuquleka kwesithuthwane.
  11. 11 Isiqephu esifushane se-psychotic - izimpawu ze-psychotic zivele ngokuzumayo ziphendula umcimbi obonakalayo futhi ocindezela kakhulu. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngezisulu zodlame. Izimpawu zingaba nzima kepha zihlala isikhathi esifushane kusuka osukwini olulodwa kuya enyangeni eyodwa.
  12. 12 I-Psychosis ngenxa yempilo ejwayelekile - izimpawu zengqondo zingenzeka ngenxa yamathumba obuchopho, isithuthwane nezinye izifo ezingamahlalakhona[5].

Izinkinga zengqondo

Ukuba sesimeni sokugula kwengqondo isikhathi eside kunciphisa kakhulu izinga lempilo yomuntu. Ngenxa yokuxakaniseka, ukubona izinto ezingekho, ukukhathazeka noma ukucindezeleka, imicabango yokuzilimaza wena noma abanye, noma ngisho nokuzibulala kungavela.

Abantu abane-psychosis nabo banamathuba amaningi okuthi babhekane nokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa noma utshwala. Abanye basebenzisa lezi zinto njengendlela yokwelapha noma yokuphazamisa izimpawu zengqondo. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa kungazonakalisa izimpawu zengqondo futhi kubangele nezinye izinkinga zempilo.

Ukuvimbela i-psychosis

Maye, i-psychosis ayivikeleki ngaso sonke isikhathi. Isibonelo, i-schizophrenia ibangelwa inhlanganisela yezici zebhayoloji, ezengqondo nezemvelo esingakwazi ukwenza njalo kuzo. Kepha kwezinye izimo, singakuthonya ukukhula kwengqondo: isibonelo, ukuyeka ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa notshwala, okuvusa ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo. Noma ukusabalalisa umthwalo wezengqondo ekhaya nasemsebenzini ukuze ungatholi amazinga aphezulu okuxineka, futhi unciphise umthelela obuhlungu wemvelo ku-psyche yethu. Futhi uma kwenzeka izimo ezinzima noma izimpawu ezethusayo, ungahlala uphendukela kusazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esizokusiza ukubhekana nezizathu futhi ubhekane nesikhathi esinzima empilweni, sikuvimbele ukuthi sikhule sibe yisifo sengqondo esibi kakhulu.

Kubalulekile futhi ukwesekwa ngabathandekayo abangabona izimpawu zokuxwayisa, bakusize uphendukele kochwepheshe ukuze uthole usizo.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-psychosis

Ukuxilongwa kwalesi sifo kusenesikhathi kusiza ekuthuthukiseni imiphumela yesikhathi eside futhi kunikeze namathuba amaningi okwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, inkinga ilele ebunzimeni bokuxilonga i-psychosis ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhula kwayo. Lesi sifo singaqhubeka kancane kancane ezinyangeni ezimbalwa noma ngisho neminyaka ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu zibonakale.

Odokotela bengqondo benze izincomo zohlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo, okuya ngokuthi abantu kufanele bahlolwe ngokuningiliziwe ngobukhona be-psychosis, okukuyo:

  • ukuwohloka komkhiqizo esikoleni noma emsebenzini;
  • ukubonakaliswa kokuhlukaniswa komphakathi;
  • ukuvela kokukhungatheka, ukukhathazeka, izizathu abangakwazi ukuzichaza.

Azikho izivivinyo zebhayoloji noma izivivinyo zokuthola isifo sengqondo. Ucwaningo lwelabhoratri lungenziwa kuphela ukukhipha ezinye izinkinga zezokwelapha ezingadala ukuqala kwezimpawu eziyimpawu yengqondo, kanye nokukhipha ukudakwa noma ubuthi ngezinto ezinobuthi.

I-Psychosis itholakala ngokuyinhloko ngocwaningo lomtholampilo nomlando - udokotela uhlola isiguli bese ebuza ngezimpawu zaso, okuhlangenwe nakho, imicabango kanye nemisebenzi yabo yansuku zonke. Iphinde icacise noma ngabe bakhona yini abantu abagula ngengqondo emndenini.

Kwesinye isikhathi kunikezwe i-electroencephalography - iqopha ukusebenza kukagesi ebuchosheni futhi isize ukukhipha izinkohliso, ukuhlukumezeka ekhanda noma isithuthwane njengezimbangela zezimpawu zengqondo[6].

Ukwelashwa kwe-psychosis emithini ejwayelekile

Ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo emithini esemthethweni kubandakanya lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

  • Ukuthatha imishanguzo yokulwa nengqondo - zisiza ukuqeda izimpawu zengqondo, kepha azikwazi ukwelapha noma ukuqeda ngokuphelele imbangela.
  • Ukwelashwa kwengqondo - Umsebenzi womuntu ngamunye nodokotela wezifo zengqondo, ukuqeda imiphumela emibi yezehlakalo ezihlukumezayo. Esikhathini sezifundo, kutholakale ukuthi ukufakwa kwamalungu omndeni, izihlobo, abangane besiguli kule ndlela yokwelashwa kwaletha umphumela omuhle futhi kwanciphisa isidingo sokwelashwa kweziguli ezingalaliswanga.
  • Ukusekelwa komphakathi - ukwenziwa nokwenziwa kwezidingo zenhlalo yabantu, ezinjengemfundo, ukuqashwa, njll.

Ngemuva kokuthi isiqephu se-psychosis senzekile, iningi labantu elizizwa lingcono ngemuva kokuthatha imishanguzo kufanele liqhubeke nokuphuza umuthi njengoba kuyalelwe ngudokotela wawo okungenani unyaka. Cishe ama-50% abantu badinga ukuthatha imishanguzo isikhathi eside ukuvikela izimpawu ukuthi zingaveli futhi.

Uma iziqephu ze-psychotic zomuntu zibucayi futhi zingadala ukulimala okukhulu kubo noma kwabaseduze kwabo, isiguli singangeniswa emtholampilo wezifo zengqondo ukuze sithole ukwelashwa.[6].

Ukudla okunempilo kwengqondo

Kunezinto eziningi zokudla ezingabhekana nokudangala futhi zithuthukise imizwa. Sinikeza uhlu lokudla okusiza ukuqala kokukhiqizwa komzimba kwehomoni yenjabulo - i-serotonin… Yenziwe nge-amino acid ebizwa nge-tryptophan, esiyithola ekudleni. Ngokunjalo, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-tryptophan kwenziwa lula ngokudla okuqukethe amavithamini B, C, kanye ne-zinc ne-magnesium. Nakanjani zidinga ukufakwa ekudleni.

  • Amaqanda - aqukethe amavithamini A, D, E, tryptophan, amaprotheni. Kungcono ukuwadla abilisiwe.
  • Inhlanzi - iqukethe inani elikhulu levithamini D, i-tryptophan, i-fatty acids. Kwandisa amasosha omzimba, kusiza ukuthuthukisa imizwa.
  • Imifino ebomvu, ewolintshi nezithelo - ithanga, amawolintshi, upelepele wensimbi, izaqathe, izithelo zamagilebhisi, ama-beet - konke lokhu kudla kusiza ukuvuselela isimo esihle, futhi kuqukethe ne-bioflavonoids, ewusizo olukhulu ekujikelezeni kwegazi okufanele ebuchosheni.
  • Ubhanana ungenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokudangala. Yidla ubhanana owodwa ngosuku, njengoba uqukethe i-alkaloid harman, olusekelwe ku-mescaline, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “isidakamizwa senjabulo.”
  • Izinongo - i-cardamom, i-star anise, i-nutmeg zikulungele ukulwa nokucindezeleka. Kodwa-ke, izinongo zingaba nokuphikisana okuhlobene nezinye, izici zomzimba zomzimba - nakanjani udinga ukuzijwayeza nazo ngaphambi kokuzisebenzisa.

Imithi yendabuko ye-psychosis

  1. 1 Umhluzi we-Lemon balm yikhambi elihlwabusayo futhi eliwusizo lokulwa ne-psychosis. Thela amathisipuni ambalwa amaqabunga ebhalumoni omile anama-500 ml wamanzi abilayo, ake aphuze esitsheni esivaliwe amahora amabili, sula futhi uphuze lo mthamo ngemithamo emi-2 ngosuku.
  2. 2 ukumnika i-Valerian - izimpande ezomile kufanele zigcizelelwe emanzini abilisiwe ubusuku bonke, bese uletha ingxube emathunjini, epholile, ehlungayo bese uthatha isipuni esingu-3 izikhathi ezi-1 ngosuku. Ngendlela, ungaphinde ulungiselele ukugeza okuqabulayo kusuka ezimpandeni ze-valerian. Kumalitha ayi-10 wamanzi, sebenzisa ama-300 ml we-decoction yezimpande eqinile. Kulula ukuyilungisa - amagremu angama-40 ezimpande ezomisiwe kumele athelwe ngelitha lamanzi bese ephekwa emlilweni omncane imizuzu engu-15. Bese uhlunga uthele ebhavini.
  3. Izigaxa ze-3 Hop emithini yendabuko nazo zibhekwa njengendlela ephumelelayo yokulwa ne-psychosis. Ukuze wenze lokhu, 1 tbsp. Izigaxa zidinga ukuthululwa ngengilazi yamanzi abilayo, ziyivumele iphuze isikhathi esingangehora, bese uhluza umhluzi uwuthathe ngo-2 tbsp. Izikhathi ezintathu ngosuku.
  4. 4 Izaqathe noma ujusi wesanqante ngamakhambi amahle kakhulu wokudangala. Udinga ukusebenzisa amagremu ayi-100-200 ale mifino ngosuku, noma uphuze ingilazi yejusi njalo.
  5. Izimpande ze-Ginseng noma amaqabunga omisiwe kufanele athelwe ngamanzi ashisayo ngesilinganiso sika-5: 1, afakwe amahora amaningi, bese ethathwa i-10 tsp. ngosuku.
  6. 6 Elinye ikhambi elisiza ukubhekana nezinkinga zemizwa ukumnika i-peppermint. Udinga ukuthulula 1 tbsp. amaqabunga omisiwe ngengilazi yamanzi abilayo, ubilise imizuzu engu-5-7, yeka kuphole, ukuhluza futhi uphuze izinkomishi eziyi-0,5 kabili ngosuku - ekuseni nakusihlwa.
  7. 7 Utshani bungaba yi-tonic ne-tonic yokudangala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uthele ama-3 tbsp. wezipuni ngotshani oqoshiwe u-500 ml wamanzi abilayo, ake uwuphuze amahora angu-1-2, bese uphuza le volumu ngezingxenye ezincane usuku lonke[7].

Ukudla okuyingozi nokulimazayo kwengqondo

Akukho ukuphikisana okuqinile kokudla kwabantu abaphethwe yi-psychosis. Kodwa-ke, kunconywa ukuthi uyeke iziphuzo, ukudla okuyizifo ezinamandla ze-system yezinzwa. Ngokwesibonelo:

  • Ikhofi - yandisa umsebenzi wesistimu yezinzwa.
  • Utshwala, izidakamizwa - ziwuphazamisa kabi umsebenzi wobuchopho, zivuse ukujabula kwengqondo nezimoto, ziqinise izimpawu zengqondo, futhi zingadala iziqubu zodlame.
  • Inani elikhulu lamaswidi, ikakhulukazi ushokoledi, njengoshukela kungenye into esebenzayo yesistimu yezinzwa. Inani lokudla kwalo kufanele lehliswe, noma okungcono kakhulu, amaswidi noma amakhekhe ekudleni kufanele kuthathelwe indawo amaswidi awusizo - ngokwesibonelo, izithelo ezomisiwe noma i-jelly.
 
Ukuphrinta kwezinto

Ukusetshenziswa kwanoma iyiphi into ngaphandle kwemvume yethu ebhaliwe akuvunyelwe.

Imithetho yokuphepha

Abaphathi ababophezelekile kunoma imuphi umzamo wokusebenzisa noma iyiphi iresiphi, iseluleko noma ukudla, futhi futhi akuqinisekisi ukuthi imininingwane ebekiwe izokusiza noma ikulimaze wena uqobo. Hlakanipha futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi uthintane nodokotela ofanele!

Qaphela!

Abaphathi abanacala nganoma yimuphi umzamo wokusebenzisa imininingwane oyinikiwe, futhi akuqinisekisi ukuthi ngeke ikulimaze wena uqobo. Izinto zokwakha azinakusetshenziselwa ukunquma ukwelashwa nokwenza ukuxilongwa. Njalo thintana nodokotela wakho onguchwepheshe!

Ukudla okunomsoco kwezinye izifo:

 
 
 
 

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