Ukuhlelela izingane: ungaqala nini, yini ongayifunda

Emakilasini esayensi yamakhompiyutha, izinkulungwane zeminyaka ngokuyinhloko zafunda ukuthayipha umbhalo, zafunda kahle iMicrosoft Windows (Eyisisekelo kahle kakhulu) futhi zadlala iSuper Mario. Namuhla, amakhompyutha ezingane angokwemvelo njengeziqandisi. Ungayisiza kanjani ingane yakho ukuthi ikhululeke emhlabeni wedijithali futhi izuze ngokugcwele kuzibuyekezo zayo eziqhubekayo? Ake siyithole.

Iminyaka eyi-3 - engama-5

Iminyaka efanele yokwethula ingane kukhompuyutha. Lapho beneminyaka emithathu, izingane ziqala ukulawula imisipha phezu kwamakhono amahle emisipha yezandla. Ngamanye amazwi, sebengakwazi kakade ukuqaphela ukuxhumana phakathi kwekhibhodi nezilawuli zegundane kanye nezinguquko esikrinini. Kule minyaka, bangakwazi ngisho nezinhlelo ezilula.

Iminyaka eyi-5 - engama-7

Izingane ezineminyaka emidala yasenkulisa zikwazi ukuthola ulwazi kokuhlangenwe nakho kwazo kuphela, ulwazi oluvela kwabanye abantu alubalulekile kangako kuzo futhi ngokuvamile alubhekwa njengomthombo weqiniso. Ukwengeza, izingane azikakwazi ukubona imininingwane ngayinye, ngakho-ke zibhala futhi zifunde ngokunensa kakhulu (isibonelo, ikhasi lencwadi liyinto yazo engahlukaniseki). Kunzima kubo ukwakha izahlulelo neziphetho.

Uma ubuza ingane ukuthi yini yokuthunga ihembe kusuka: iphepha, indwangu, i-birch bark, i-polystyrene noma i-raber, uzokhetha indwangu, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuthi angakwazi ukuchaza ukuthi kungani ephendule ngaleyo ndlela. Eminyakeni engu-5-7, ingane ayikwazi ngisho nokufundiswa izisekelo ze-algorithmization (isibonelo, bhala i-algorithm yokubala inkulumo y u2d 6a - (x + XNUMX) noma uchaze i-algorithm yokwenza umsebenzi wesikole wezibalo). Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuqala ukufunda izinhlelo kusukela eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili hhayi ngaphambili.

Bhalisa ingane yakho esifundweni sokukhula kolimi lokuqala noma izibalo zengqondo. Isixazululo esihle kakhulu kungaba ukugxila kumakhono athambile futhi uthuthukise indlela yokudala: izigaba zezemidlalo, isikole sobuciko noma somculo.

Iminyaka eyi-8 - engama-9

Kule minyaka, izinga le-egocentrism liwela, ingane isivele ilungele ukukholelwa izahlulelo zothisha futhi ngaleyo ndlela iqonde ulwazi. I-Syncretism (isifiso somntwana sokuthatha uxhumano lwemibono yokuxhumana kwezinto, isibonelo, inyanga ayiwi ngoba ilele esibhakabhakeni) nayo iyanyamalala, futhi kakade kungenzeka ukuqonda ukuthi izindlela ezilula zisebenza kanjani.

Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zihlukanisa izindawo zokuthuthukiswa okusondelene nangempela - amakhono akhiwa emisebenzini ehlangene nabanye abantu. Lokho ingane engakwenza ngokuzimela (isibonelo, igqoke izingubo ezilula) isivele isendaweni yentuthuko yangempela. Uma namanje engakwazi ukubopha izintambo zezicathulo ngaphandle kokwaziswa komuntu omdala oseduze, khona-ke leli khono lisekhona endaweni yentuthuko eseduze. Ekilasini, uthisha udala indawo yentuthuko esondelene.

Ngakho-ke ingane ithuthukisa ukucabanga okubonakalayo-ngokomfanekiso kanye ne-heuristic (uma kungenzeka ukuthola izinto ezitholakalayo), ifunda ukuxazulula izinkinga ze-logic ngendlela yegraphical kanye ne-block. Ukuze ube yingcweti ngempumelelo yokuhlela kule minyaka, udinga ulwazi oluyisisekelo lwezibalo zesikole: ukuhlanganisa, ukususa, ukuphindaphinda nokuhlukanisa ngezinombolo eziyidijithi eyodwa nezimbili phakathi kuka-10.

Udinga futhi ukwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga ezihlangene. Ngokwesibonelo: ikati Murka wazala 8 kittens (6 Fluffy 5 abomvu). Mangaki amakati azalwa e-fluffy futhi ebomvu ngesikhathi esisodwa? Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingane zidinga ikhono lokuxazulula izinkinga ezinengqondo, ezifana ne-graphic labyrinths, ukuphikisa, ukuhlanganisa ama-algorithms alula, kanye nokuthola indlela emfushane kakhulu.

Iminyaka eyi-10 - engama-11

Emabangeni 4-5, ngaphezu kokwenza ama-algorithms ayisisekelo (isibonelo, maka i-algorithm elandelayo kumephu No. 1: shiya i-Ozersk, ufike e-Okeansk), ingane ifunda imithetho ye-syntax yolimi lokuhlela, futhi iqala ukusebenza. ngama-branching algorithms, izihibe ezifakiwe, okuguquguqukayo, nezinqubo.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuthuthukisa ukucabanga okunengqondo: ukusebenza nabadlali abahlukahlukene, faka ikhodi yohlelo ngokuzimela futhi wakhe ubudlelwano bembangela-nomphumela lapho uxazulula izinkinga zezibalo nezinengqondo. Ngakho-ke, njengomdlali, singasebenzisa umlingiswa wekhompiyutha ongenza izenzo ezihlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele: gxuma, gijima, vula, njalonjalo.

Emisebenzini yemfundo, kuyadingeka, isibonelo, ukuthi ahambise ibhokisi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ingane idinga ukufaka imiyalo edingekayo ohlelweni ngendlela ethile. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukucabanga okunengqondo okungaqondakali, ingane ibona ngokucacile ukuthi umlingiswa wakhe uhamba kanjani, futhi uyaqonda lapho enza iphutha lapho ebhala imiyalo ohlelweni.

Izingane ngokwazo zikhangwa ubuchwepheshe nakho konke okusha, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi abazali baqondise le ntshisekelo ngendlela ewusizo. Ukuhlela kubonakala nje kuyindawo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi engafinyeleleki, ekhonjelwe abambalwa kuphela. Uma ubhekisisa izithakazelo zengane futhi uthuthukisa amakhono ayo ngendlela efanele, ingaba “yilo kanye lelo hlakanipha kukhompyutha.”