Amantongomane - Incazelo yamantongomane. Izinzuzo zezempilo kanye nokulimala

Incazelo Yamantongomane

Amantongomane ayisitshalo seminyaka emifushane semifino yomndeni we-legume, akhula emazweni anezimo ezifudumele nezinomswakama. Imbali yamantongomane ku-peduncle ende ivela ku-axil esisekelweni se-petiole seqabunga esinamathele esiqwini. Imbali yamakinati ephuzi iqhakaza kuphela usuku olulodwa.

Ngemuva kokuvotela impova, kwakhiwa i-ovary, bese i-peduncle ende iqala ukwehlela phansi kancane kancane. Isizalo sesithelo sesikhathi esizayo sifinyelela emhlabathini futhi sizimbele emhlabathini. Lapho, amakinati avuthwa.

Amantongomane abuye abe nezinye izimbali - ngaphansi komhlaba, amancane, phezulu kwempande enkulu. Ukuzitholela impova nakho kwenzeka ngaphansi komhlaba. Ama-pods we-groundnut nawo akhula kusuka ezimbali ezingaphansi komhlaba ekujuleni kwe-10-20 cm. Ziyafana nezindunduma zepea ezijiyile, nsundu ngombala. Ngaphakathi kukhona okusanhlamvu okuningana okuphuzi okumbozwe ngesikhumba esincanyana esibomvu noma esibomvana.

Arу bona amantongomane?

Kumele uqaphele ukuthi, empeleni, amakinati awawona amantongomane kepha imidumba, kepha izazi zokudla okunempilo zivame ukuhlanganisa lemiqondo ngenxa yezimfanelo ezifanayo zokudla okunempilo. Omunye ukhononda ngokungezwani namantongomane. Omunye uthi ukusetshenziswa kwamantongomane noma ibhotela lamantongomane kunciphisa ubungozi bokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo futhi kwenze kube nzima ngezinguquko ze-fibrotic ukuholela kumdlavuza.

Ukwakhiwa nokuqukethwe kwekhalori kwamantongomane

Amantongomane acebile ngamavithamini namaminerali anjenge: vitamin B1 - 49.3%, vitamin B5 - 35.3%, vitamin B6 - 17.4%, vitamin B9 - 60%, vitamin E - 67.3%, vitamin H - 35%, vitamin PP - 94.5 %, i-potassium - 26.3%, i-silicon - 266.7%, i-magnesium - 45.5%, i-phosphorus - 43.8%, i-iron - 27.8%, i-cobalt - 67, 5%, i-manganese - 96.7%, ithusi - 114.4%, i-molybdenum - 16.6%, i-selenium - 13.1%, i-chromium - 19.4%, i-zinc - 27.3%

Amantongomane anama-kilojoule amaningi (ama-550 kcal nge-100 g), kepha amantongomane angasheshisa imetabolism, futhi umzimba awukwazi ukuwamunca ngokugcwele, ngakho-ke idlanzana lamantongomane afakwe ekudleni ngeke libuhlungu okhalweni.

• Amaprotheni 26 g
• Amafutha 52 g
• Amakhabhohayidrethi 13.4 g

Ukusetshenziswa kwamakinati

Ukudla okulula futhi okumnandi kwamantongomane (okuyingcosana ngosuku) kungandisa impilo ngeminyaka emibili ephelele!

Amantongomane ngokwawo mahle njengesidlo. Ukuthosiwe ngosawoti noma isilili, cishe njalo kuvela kumatafula ebha naphambi kwama-pub. Konke kucacile lapha: usawoti uvusa isifiso sokuphuza kakhulu, futhi nge-snack enjalo yamahhala, u-oda iziphuzo eziningi kunalokho obekulindele.

ENdiya, amakinati athosiwe enyakatho abiliswe eningizimu. Iphekwe ngenhlanganisela yezinongo zaseSichuan eChina, kanti e-United States amakinati abilisiwe awukudla okuthandwayo ezifundazweni eziseningizimu. Lapha, amakinati athandwa kakhulu ukwenza i-peanut paste ne-peanut butter, ngaphandle kwalapho kungekho sidlo sasekuseni esiya khona.

E-Indonesia, amasaladi wendabuko ayoliswe ngososo wamantongomane; sikhuluma ngeMali neZambia, imifino nenkukhu ethosiwe iyinongwe ngebhotela lamantongomane elihlanganiswe no-anyanisi nogalikhi; ngenkathi iseMauritius, kuyisiko ukuthinta amantongomane agazingiwe abomvana njengophawu lwenhlalakahle; eMali, ingezwa kunogwaja oyisitshulu.

EVietnam, amakinati ahlutshiwe avame ukuhlinzekwa ngesobho se-pho. Emhlabeni wonke, amakinati athandwa kakhulu ekwenzeni ama-dessert nososo, okunikeza iphunga lawo eliminyene nokunambitheka okubonakalayo.

Ungayikhetha kanjani futhi uyigcine kanjani

Ukukhetha amakinati afanele kubalulekile ukuze ujabulele ukunambitheka kwawo okuhle futhi uthole okuhle kakhulu ekusebenziseni kwabo. Ngakho-ke, namuhla, amakinati avame kakhulu ukuba semasakeni.

Thenga amantongomane ezindaweni ezinokuvuselelwa kwe-assortment okusheshayo; kulokhu, ungaqiniseka ngokusha komkhiqizo. Kubalulekile, noma ngabe uyawathenga yini amakinati ngesisindo noma ngamaphakethe, ukuze umswakama uphansi nokuthi kungabikho doti nezinambuzane kumantongomane.

Lapho uthenga amakinati aphelele ngegobolondo, thatha umuthi osesandleni sakho, kufanele ube nzima futhi unyakaze lapho unyakaziswa. Bheka ikhasi, kufanele lihlale kahle ngaphandle kokulimala noma amabala.

Gcina amakinati esitsheni esivaliwe efrijini noma efrijini, ngoba ukushisa nokukhanya kuzosiza ukwenza amantongomane abe rancid. Esiqandisini, amakinati azogcina ikhono lawo labathengi izinyanga ezi-3, futhi efrijini kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha.

Amantongomane achotshoziwe angcono kakhulu ukusetshenziswa ngokushesha. Uma amakinati asezikhunjeni, abeke esikhwameni noma esitsheni endaweni epholile noma esiqandisini. Kulesi simo, impilo yeshalofu iyizinyanga eziyi-9.

Izinzuzo Zamantongomane

Amantongomane awusizo anamavithamini namaminerali amaningi. Ziyi-antioxidant yemvelo enhle kakhulu. Kungcono ukuyisebenzisa njenge-prophylaxis yezinkinga zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ngokusetshenziswa njalo, ingozi yamathumba yehla, kanti amakinati anemiphumela yokulwa nokuguga.

Odokotela batusa ukusebenzisa amakinati kubantu abane-gastritis, izilonda, kanye nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene zesistimu yezinzwa. Ngokusetshenziswa njalo, ungaqinisa kakhulu amasosha omzimba, uthuthukise ukuzwa, inkumbulo nokunaka.

Ukwakheka kwamakinati kuqukethe i-fiber eningi, esusa ubuthi emathunjini, okusiza ekujwayeleni ukusebenza kohlelo lokugaya ukudla lulonke.

Okuqukethwe yensimbi kuthuthukisa inqubo hematopoiesis nokwakheka kwegazi. Ukwakheka kwamakinati kufaka i-potassium, enomphumela omuhle ekusebenzeni kwesistimu yenhliziyo, kanye ne-magnesium, okuyiminerali edingekayo ekusebenzeni kwemisipha yenhliziyo. Amanani amaningi, amakinati aqukethe i-phosphorus ne-calcium - amaminerali athuthukisa isimo sezicubu zethambo.

Amantongomane anomphumela we-choleretic, ozuzisa labo abahlushwa izilonda, i-gastritis, ne-hematopoiesis. Futhi, kune-folic acid kumantongomane, edingeka kakhulu kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, futhi futhi ivuselela inqubo yokuvuselelwa kwamaseli.

Ngesifo sikashukela

Ngesifo sikashukela, ukudla amakinati kuzohlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezilinganiselwe. Izingxenye eziqukethwe kulo mkhiqizo ziyakwazi ukuqeda izingqimba ze-cholesterol nokusheshisa imetabolism. Kuphela manje lapho udinga ukucabanga ukuthi umkhiqizo kufanele ukwelashwa ngokushisa futhi ungaqukathi izinto ezingaphandle, ngokwesibonelo, ushukela noma usawoti?

Amantongomane angavuthwa nawo asizakala kwabanesifo sikashukela, kepha umuntu kufanele abheke ukuthi umkhiqizo onjalo uthatha isikhathi eside ukugaya futhi awugcwali kangako. Ufuna ukudla amantongomane amaningi, kepha ngeke kwenze okuhle. Ngemuva kokusebenzisa ngokweqile nakanjani kuzolandela ukuzuza kwesisindo, okuvele kufike kalula kubantu abaphethwe yilesi sifo esikhohlisayo ngenxa yemetabolism engafanele.

Lapho kunciphisa ukudla

Uma ulandela indlela yokudla yokwehlisa isisindo, ukusetshenziswa kwamakinati akuyona into engacabangeki. Indlela yokudla okunomsoco kuphela ephambene naleyo echazwe ngenhla.

Amantongomane okwehlisa isisindo kuhle ukusuthisa umzimba ngezinto eziwusizo nokunciphisa umuzwa wendlala isikhathi eside kakhulu. Udinga ukwazi isilinganiso kuphela kulolu daba: kungcono ukusebenzisa izinhlamvu ezingekho ngaphezulu kweshumi nanhlanu ngosuku, okuma-gram angamashumi amahlanu amantongomane. Ngokwenani lokudla okunempilo, amakinati afaniswa nenyama, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuwadla ekuseni.

Okuqukethwe kwekhalori yomkhiqizo kuphakeme impela, nokugcwala kwawo ngamaminerali namafutha ahlukahlukene. Lezi zinto eziwusizo ziyanyamalala ngesikhathi senqubo yokuwosa, ngakho-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa izinhlamvu ezingavuthiwe. Umkhiqizo owusizo ungaba muhle njengesibiliboco esizimele nokulungiselela amasaladi, kanye nesengezo ku-muesli noma iphalishi.

Amantongomane ezempilo yabesifazane

Amantongomane asiza kakhulu ezempilo yabesifazane. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, icebile ngama-oyela kanye nefayibha, okuthi uma idliwe kube nomthelela omuhle esimweni sesikhumba nezinwele futhi kusize ukuqeda ukubulawa kwepheshana lesisu kalula ngangokunokwenzeka. Yize ukungadli njalo amakinati kuhle. Kufanele unake ngokukhethekile kulolu daba ezikhathini ezinjengalezi zokuphila kowesifazane njengokuthwala nokuncelisa ingane. Lokhu sizoxoxa ngokuqhubekayo.

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, isibonelo, ukudla amakinati akuthandeki. Impikiswano yokuqala evuna lesi sitatimende imi kanje: ukudla okunzima, okufana nezinhlamvu zamantongomane, kuthinta kabi isimo sohlelo lokugaya ukudla lukamama okhulelwe, nakho okungadala ukuhlanza nokugaya ukudla.

Enye impikiswano engeke ihambisane nokudla amakinati ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa okuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-erucic acid kulo mkhiqizo, okungakhuphula ithoni lesibeletho futhi kuholele emiphumeleni engathandeki, kuze kufike esibhedlela.

Impikiswano yokugcina emelene nokudla amakinati kwabesifazane abakhulelwe yithuluzi lokungcola kwamagciwane ekudleni izinhlamvu zamantongomane aluhlaza.

Lapho uncelisa

Ukudla amakinati nakho akufuneki lapho uncelisa. Izinhlamvu zamantongomane zingumkhiqizo we-allergenic kakhulu; ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenkathi kwenziwa ukwelashwa kwezimboni, bangabhekana nezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokucubungula ezithinta kabi ikhwalithi yobisi lukamama.

Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi abakhiqizi bavame ukufihla okusanhlamvu okukhuntile njengomkhiqizo wekhwalithi ngokugazinga. Izinga lokushisa nezivimbelakuvunda kanye nephunga elimnandi, nezithuthukisi ukunambitheka kungabulala ngokuphelele iphunga nokunambitheka kwesikhunta. Noma kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukususa imikhiqizo engcolile kumantongomane ngalezi zindlela. Ngakho-ke, ezikhathini ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuphila kwabesifazane, ukusetshenziswa kwamantongomane akufanelekile.

Kwabesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50

Ngenxa yokuthi amantongomane asiza umzimba wesifazane ukuba uzinze isizinda se-hormonal, kunconywa ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini. Umkhiqizo usiza ukubonakaliswa kwawo, uthuthukise inhlalakahle.Amantongomane asiza ukukhulula ukungezwani kwezinzwa, asuse ukucasuka, ukuqwasha nokunganaki, abambe iqhaza ekuvuseleleni umzimba ezingeni lamaselula futhi alondoloze intsha.

Izinzuzo zamakinati emadodeni

Izinzuzo zokudla amakinati ekudleni kwamadoda kungenxa yokuba khona kwento ewusizo efana ne-biotin ku-nuclei. Le nto isiza ukulwa nenkinga yokulahleka kwezinwele. Isenzo saso sisebenza ikakhulukazi ekumiseni amazinga we-hormonal.

Ngokudla izinhlamvu zamantongomane ezigazingiwe, amadoda angagwema izifo ezivuthayo zohlelo lwe-genitourinary, njenge-prostate adenoma, futhi anciphise nengozi yokungabi namuntu noma ukuncipha kwamandla. Enye yezindlela ezaziwa kakhulu zokudla umkhiqizo ukuthola umphumela oyifunayo ukuthatha ifomula yokudla okunomsoco isikhathi eside ebusuku, equkethe isipuni esisodwa sezinhlamvu zamantongomane ezichotshoziwe ezihlanganiswe nethisipuni elilodwa loju lwezinyosi.

Kwabesilisa abasebenza kanzima noma abadlala imidlalo, ukusetshenziswa kwamantongomane nakho kuzoletha izinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba idlanzana lomkhiqizo lingasiza ukubuyisa amandla nokwenza ngcono isimo somzimba kumzuzwana nje.

Ngemuva kokuqeqeshwa ngamandla ejimini, amantongomane ambalwa nengxenye kabhanana kuzokusiza ukubuyisa ukuqhutshwa kwemisipha. Kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi ngeke ubuzwe ubuhlungu obukhulu ngosuku olulandelayo.

Ukujwayelekile kwansuku zonke kwamakinati

Ukusetshenziswa kwamantongomane nsuku zonke kumuntu ngamunye. Kuya ngezici eziningi (impilo ejwayelekile, ubukhona bezifo ezingamahlalakhona, isilinganiso sezinqubo zokugaya umzimba emzimbeni, njll.). Noma kunjalo, ikakhulukazi izazi zokudla zincoma ukuthi kungadluli ngaphezu kwamagremu angamashumi amahlanu kwabesifazane kanye nama-gram angamashumi ayisikhombisa nanhlanu amakinati.

Kodwa-ke, kufanele siqaphele ukuthi udinga ukudla umkhiqizo ngobuningi njalo ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukusetshenziswa kaningi kwamakinati kungaphazamisa ukugaya futhi kubangele ukungezwani komzimba kulo mkhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, uma ungawadli la makinati ukwanelisa indlala njengokudla okuzimele.

Angakanani amakinati ongawadla ngosuku

- Ngokusetshenziswa njalo, abantu abadala akufanele badle amagremu angu-20 ngosuku, izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-10 ubudala kufanele zinikezwe okungenani amantongomane angu-4-5 ngosuku, intsha - ingabi ngaphezu kwe-8, - udokotela wachaza.

Amantongomane - Ukusetshenziswa kokupheka

Amakinati athandwa kakhulu ekuphekeni, ikakhulukazi ekudleni kwase-Asia. Amantongomane aqoshiwe ayingxenye yososo, amasaladi, ukudla okulula, nezitsha zemifino nezenyama. Amakinati athandwa kakhulu kuma-confectionery, njengoba ayingxenye yokupheka amakhekhe, amaroli, ushokoledi, ipasta, njll. Amakinati athosiwe nosawoti athandwa kakhulu njengesidlwana esizimele abantu abathanda ukusidla nobhiya — futhi, ibhotela, ubisi Izingxube ezahlukahlukene.

Iyiphi indlela engcono yokudla amakinati?

Iyiphi indlela engcono yokudla amakinati? Awudli ukugaya isisu esingenalutho futhi esikhundleni sokudla?. Impendulo ithi: udinga ukudla amakinati njengengxenye yezitsha ezinkulu namaswidi. Abapheki besimanje basebenzisa umkhiqizo ukulungiselela ukuphatha nokupheka, njengoku:

Ungenza ibhotela lamantongomane ngamakinati, okuzoba ngumkhiqizo obaluleke kakhulu kulabo abanamathela kwimpilo esebenzayo noma abalwela ngenhloso amakhilogremu athe xaxa. Uzofunda ukuthi ungawupheka kanjani umkhiqizo oyingqayizivele esifundweni sevidiyo esingezansi.

Ukugqoka amakinati

Amakinati nawo mahle ukwenza zonke izinhlobo zokudla (hhayi njalo) amasaladi, kanye nososo ohlukahlukene. Uzofunda ngomkhiqizo owodwa onjalo ngezansi. Kuhle kokubili ukugqoka amasaladi kanye nenyama yokuhambisa emanzini. Okuhamba phambili kukho konke ukuhambisa inkukhu encane yasekhaya nayo.
Ukuze ulungiselele, udinga ukuxuba:

• izipuni ezimbili zebhotela lamantongomane;
• izipuni ezimbili zikaviniga webhalsamu;
• ama-clove amabili kagalikhi;
• izipuni ezintathu zamafutha omnqumo;
• amathisipuni amathathu kalamula;
• isipuni esisodwa se-Dijon lwesinaphi;
• ingcosana kasawoti.

Udinga ukumboza inkukhu ngalokhu kuqanjwa bese uyishiya icwilile esiqandisini ubusuku bonke. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungabhaka, upheke noma uvele uthose inyama epanini. Irayisi elibilisiwe lingaba isidlo esihle eseceleni sesidlo esinjalo.

Ungawavula kanjani ngokushesha futhi uhlanze amantongomane?

Uzofunda ukuthi uwavula kanjani masinyane amakinati kulesi sigaba sendatshana. Ngakho-ke, ake siqale ngokuvula, noma kunalokho, sisuse ikhasi. Akukho lutho olunzima kulokhu ngoba igobolondo lamantongomane alihambelani ngokuqinile nezinhlamvu. Kwanele ukucindezela i-pod ngomzamo othile - futhi izowahlazeka ezandleni zakho.

Osekusele ukukhipha okusanhlamvu. Ukuhlanza inani elikhulu lamantongomane, ungasebenzisa lobu buqili: sandisa amantongomane endaweni eyisicaba, bese ufaka ibhodi ngaphezulu. Bese ucindezela ngobumnene ibhodi phansi etafuleni. Ikhasi lizohlukana, futhi ungakwazi ukususa kalula amantongomane.

Kepha nge-nucleoli uqobo, embozwe ikhasi eliminyene nelomunyu, kuzodingeka ukuthi uciphise isikhashana. Abaningi abathengi uhlobo lwamabhajethi ngaphezulu lwamantongomane ngoba abafuni ukuwaxebula isikhathi eside. Kepha kulabo abazi izimfihlo zokuhlanza, lokhu kokugcina akuyona inkinga. Nathi lezi zimfihlo futhi sizabelana ngazo ngenjabulo.

Indlela yokuqala iqukethe lezi zenzo ezilandelanayo ezilandelayo:

• Fry izinhlamvu zamantongomane kusendlalelo esisodwa.
• Pholisa amantongomane kuthawula likakotini.
• Hlanganisa imiphetho yethawula ibe ifindo, bese uthinta kancane “isikhwama” ngezandla zakho.
• Beka ithawula etafuleni, uqaqe ifindo ngokucophelela, bese ukhetha amantongomane ahlanzekile.

Phinda ukusebenza ngamantongomane asele kusuka esinyathelweni sesithathu.
Indlela yesibili yokuhlanza okusanhlamvu iyefana neyokuqala, ngaphandle kokuthi esikhundleni sesikhwama sendwangu, sebenzisa inetha elicolekile lemali, lapho kuvame ukuthengiswa khona imifino.

Indlela yesibili yokuhlanza ilungile uma ufuna ukuthola izinhlamvu ezingavuthiwe.

Lapha amanzi abilayo azokusiza! Yibo okufanele bathele ukunikezwa kwamantongomane imizuzu eyisikhombisa kuya kweyishumi. Uma isikhathi sesihambile, kufanele ukhiphe amanzi, bese ugeza amakinati ngaphansi kwamanzi abandayo.

Kuzofanele umise amantongomane ngemuva kwalokho. Isixazululo esihle kakhulu kungaba ukusebenzisa ithuluzi lokomisa imifino nezithelo. Isikhathi sokomisa esiphelele ngamahora ayisithupha ku-45 degrees Celsius.

Ungawathosa kanjani amakinati?

Ungawosa kanjani amakinati ngokufanele? Eqinisweni, azikho izindlela eziningi zokosa. Sizoxoxa ngazo ngezansi.

Epanini lokuthosa - indlela elula futhi ebonakala ijwayelekile. Ipani lokuthosa lenhloso enjalo kufanele libe nodonga olujiyile. Kumele igezwe kahle, isulwe yomile, bese ibalwa ngosawoti. Lokhu kuzovikela amakinati iphunga elibi. Udinga ukuthosa okusanhlamvu ekushiseni okuphansi bese ukubakhuthaza njalo. Qaphela ukuthi lo msebenzi udinga ukubekezela nokunakwa!

Ephepheni lokubhaka kuhhavini. Le ndlela ilula kakhulu kunaleyo eyedlule ngoba konke okushiwo umphathi wensikazi kudingeka athele amantongomane ahlutshiwe ebhodini lokubhaka eligcwele isikhumba abese efaka ishidi kuhhavini lishisa lifinyelela ku-180 degrees Celsius. Ngemuva kwemizuzu eyisikhombisa kuya kweyishumi kusuka wosa izinhlamvu, susa amantongomane asetafuleni bese upholisa ithawula elenziwe ngemicu yemvelo.

Ukulimala kwamakinati nokuphikisana

Amantongomane angaba yingozi kubantu abanokungabekezelelani komuntu ngamunye izingxenye zemikhiqizo. Ngokuvamile, le nati iyi-allergen enamandla, ngakho-ke qala ukuyidla ngenani elincane.

Amantongomane awabalungele abantu abane-gout ne-arthrosis. Ukudla inqwaba yamantongomane kungaholela ekucasukeni kokugaya ukudla.

Kuyafaneleka futhi ukucubungula okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwekhalori lomkhiqizo, kufanelekile ukukhawulela inani lokusetshenziswa uma ukukhuluphala, kanye nalabo abaqapha isisindo sabo noma abadliwe.

Izinhlobo zamantongomane

Kukhona ukwehlukana okukhulu kwezinhlobo zamantongomane. Akufanele neze ukubala konke, ngakho-ke sizogxila ezinhlotsheni ezithandwa kakhulu zamantongomane. Zine kuphela zazo, futhi ukubizwa kwamagama azo kungahluka kancane ngokuya ngesifunda.

• IValencia (Isikhumba Esibomvu) - inezinhlamvu ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi nendawo, ezimbozwe ngaphandle ngegobolondo elibomvu, futhi futhi idume ngokunambitheka kwayo okungenasici. I-pod eyodwa inezinhlamvu ezintathu.
• IVirginia - inezinhlamvu ezinkulu kakhulu, inokuthungwa okuntekenteke, nokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu.
• ISpanishi (iJava) - amantongomane ezinhlobonhlobo, kepha imvamisa amancane. Yilezi zinhlobonhlobo ezisetshenziswa ngabapheki bokudla ukwenza izibiliboco ezahlukahlukene, ngokwesibonelo, amakinati kushokoledi, amakinati anoshukela, kanye namanye ama-dessert aphezulu. Amantongomane anosawoti, ngasendleleni, nawo avame kakhulu kusuka ezinhlamvini zalolu hlobo.
• Umgijimi uyi-hybrid yalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezitshalo ezingenhla - iVirginia neJava. Imunce izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zombili uwoyela nosayizi futhi yathola ukumelana nezifo eziningi izitshalo zamantongomane ezithinteka kuzo ngesikhathi sokulinywa. Izinhlamvu zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zinde.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu zamantongomane, ezenzelwe isimo sezulu sethu, zibhekwa njengeValencia, iKlinskaya, iKrasnodarets neStepnyak. Yibo abasesimweni esincane kakhulu esimweni futhi abangahlaseli izifo ezifana ne-powdery isikhutha ne-phyllostictosis.

Ungamila kanjani amakinati ekhaya?

Umbuzo uvame ukuzwakala kusuka kubalimi abaningi be-novice abagcwele umqondo wokutshala amakinati kusayithi labo. Eqinisweni, akukho lutho olunzima ngalokhu, futhi inqubo ayihlukile ekuhlumeni ubhontshisi, udali, noma enye imidumba. Sizochaza igxathu negxathu ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani kahle.

1. Ngakho-ke, isinyathelo sokuqala: khetha imbewu enamandla kakhulu futhi emikhulu yokuhluma. Okuzokhethwa kahle kakhulu kuzoba ngamantongomane kusuka esivunweni esedlule, kepha imbewu yonyaka ngaphambi kokugcina ivame ukugcina ukuhluma okuhle. Cabanga ngesimo esisodwa esibaluleke kakhulu: amakinati akufanele abe luhlaza futhi akufanele abe nephunga elimnandi.
2. Isinyathelo sesibili sifaka ukufaka imbewu kusixazululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate. Isikhathi sokubamba imbewu imizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu.
3. Isinyathelo sesithathu - ukugeza imbewu ngaphansi kwengcindezi emnene yamanzi abandayo.
4. Isinyathelo sesine - ukucwilisa izinhlamvu zamantongomane ukuze kuhlume. Ngale njongo, sebenzisa izingilazi noma izitsha zepulasitiki ezinesisekelo esibanzi. Faka imbewu yamantongomane emanzi esitsheni bese uthela amanzi abandayo ukuze uzimboze ngokuphelele. Mboza isitsha nge-gauze bese uvumela imbewu ukuthi ihlale isonto lonke. Ngalesi sikhathi, imbewu enempilo ngokuqinisekile izobhuquza futhi ikhule ngosayizi omkhulu. Kuzoba nomswakama owanele wezitshalo kuze kube yilapho amaqabunga amabili okuqala ebusweni bomhlaba eyakheka.

Uma uqaphela ukuthi imbewu ithathe amanzi amaningi kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuvuvukala futhi ingabi nalutho, engeza ngokucophelela ingxenye entsha yamanzi.
5. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela, kusasele ukufeza ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomsebenzi - ukuqina kwamahlumela. Lesi kuzoba isinyathelo sesihlanu nesokugcina enqubeni yokuhluma kwembewu.

Kanjani?

Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokulandelayo: khipha amanzi amaningi avela esitsheni ngezimbewu, ubeke imbewu kusendlalelo esisodwa ku-gauze elimanzi, bese uhambisa imbewu egumbini elipholile izinsuku ezintathu. Kuhle uma kungaphansi, kepha ungasebenzisa isiqandisi uma ungenayo. I-nucleoli izozizwa ikhululeke kakhulu eshalofini elingezansi lesiqandisi noma esigabeni sokugcina imifino. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu, cwilisa imbewu ekamelweni lokushisa amahora angama-24, bese uyitshala phansi.

Lapho izinhlamvu zamakinati zizokhula futhi ziqine, qiniseka ukuthi ulungisa umbhede ozotshala kuwo izitshalo. Ngakho-ke, ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokhu kahle futhi unakekele isitshalo ukuze uthole isivuno esikhulu nesisezingeni eliphakeme, uzofunda esigabeni esilandelayo sendatshana.

Ungakhula kanjani kahle engadini?

Umbuzo ubuye uvame futhi udinga ukunakekelwa kwabahlali basehlobo. Sizozama ukutshela ngokugcwele ngangokunokwenzeka ngazo zonke izingqinamba zalesi sifundo.

Ake siqale ngokuchezuka okuncane bese sikhuluma ngomhlabathi. Umhlaba wokutshala amakinati kufanele uhlangabezane nemibandela ethile.

Izinga lokushisa lomoya lapho utshala izitshalo emhlabathini kufanele libe cishe ngama-20 degrees Celsius, kanti izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi ngasikhathi sinye kufanele libe okungenani ama-degrees Celsius ayishumi nanhlanu. Ukushisa okuphansi kwenhlabathi kuzobangela ukubola kwamahlumela nembewu, ngakho-ke ngeke kube khona amahlumela.

Ukwakheka kwekhwalithi yomhlaba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola umphumela oyifunayo. Inhlabathi kufanele ivuleke futhi ivundiswe, futhi isisombululo esihle kakhulu kungaba inhlabathi emnyama noma inhlabathi ene-pH engathathi hlangothi. Khumbula ukuthi amakinati akhula kahle ezindaweni lapho ama-nightshades (amazambane, upelepele wensimbi, notamatisi), okusanhlamvu, noma ukhukhamba akhule ngaphambilini.

Ukutshala

Ukutshala amakinati kuhamba phambili ngezindlela ezimbili: isikwele esidleke noma umugqa obanzi.

Esimweni sokuqala, ibanga eliphakathi kwezitshalo kufanele libe okungenani amasentimitha angamashumi ayisithupha, elesibili, lokhu kufanele kube isikhala somugqa, futhi ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo akufanele libe ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angamashumi amabili.

Ngendlela yokutshala eyisikwele, umgodi owodwa ungaba nembewu engafika emihlanu ebangeni elingamasentimitha ayisikhombisa komunye nomunye. Lapho utshala amakinati ngendlela emide, faka izinhlamvu ezimbili emgodini.

Indawo yokulima amakinati kufanele ibe lite futhi, uma kungenzeka, ibe segqumeni. Lokhu kuzohlinzeka ngokugeleza futhi kuqede amanzi amile asongela ukubola kwezitshalo. Yingakho abalimi abaningi bekhetha ukutshala izitshalo zamakinati kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "okuhlakaniphile" noma, ngamanye amazwi, imibhede ephakeme.

Ukunakekela amakinati ngumsebenzi odinga ukunakwa. Iqukethe ukuchelela okufika ngesikhathi kwesiza, ukugquma nokondla izitshalo, kanye nokuzivikela ezinambuzane ezingaba khona.

Ukunisela

Ukunisela isitshalo kufanele kube kuningi, kulandelwe ukukhulula inhlabathi. Amanzi kufanele afudumele futhi ahlaliswe, akumele abe ne-chlorine. Kungakho izitshalo zisebenzisa amanzi avela ezitsheni ezahlukahlukene ukunisela, noma ziniselwa kuphela ngamanzi asezimbonini, angakulungele ukuphuza nokupheka. Izitshalo zokuchelela ezitshalwe ngendlela yokwakha izidleke kufanele zibe sezimpandeni, futhi ngendlela yokutshala ye-broadband, gcwalisa imisele ngamanzi.

Usuku ngemuva kokuchelela, kubalulekile ukukhulula inhlabathi. Ngesikhathi sonke sokukhula kwamantongomane, izitshalo zidinga i-hilling. Isikhathi sokuqala lapho inqubo yenziwa lapho izitshalo sezifinyelele ekuphakameni kwamasentimitha angamashumi ayisihlanu, i-hilling yesibili ingemva kokuvela kwezimbali zokuqala, futhi konke okulandelayo kwenziwa ngezikhathi zezinsuku eziyisikhombisa.

Ukudla

Ukondla izitshalo kuyefana nenqubo yokondla izimpande zezitshalo. Inketho engcono kakhulu kungaba umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi oqukethe ubuningi bezakhi zomzimba. Ukuthola isivuno esihle kakhulu, ukondla izitshalo kungcono ukukwenza okungenani kanye emasontweni amabili, futhi njalo ezinsukwini eziyishumi. Ngokuyisisekelo, lesi sikhathi sihambisana ngokuphelele nesikhathi:

• ukuvela kwamaqabunga okuqala eqiniso;
• izimbali eziningi;
• ukwakheka kwe-ovary.

Ngithanda ukuqaphela ukuthi lapho uhlela imibhede ekwindla, kungakuhle ukuthi kulungiswe umbhede wokutshala amakinati kusengaphambili: engeza umquba, i-humus, umanyolo wezimbiwa onzima, bese umboza konke ngendwangu emnyama noma i-agrofibre.

Ukuvikelwa kwamantongomane ezinambuzaneni kubandakanya ukwenza ezinye izindlela. Ukulwa namagundane amancane nebhungane. Amagundane ajwayele ukufakwa ubuthi ngezithiyelo ezahlukahlukene, noma kwakhiwe izakhiwo ezikhethekile ukuze zivikeleke ekusondeleni kudumba lwamantongomane. Izindlela zokubhekana nebhere ukudala izingibe ezikhethekile zezinambuzane nokubanjwa kwazo njalo nokubhujiswa okulandelayo.

Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezinhlanu nohhafu kuya kweziyisithupha kusukela ekuqaleni kokufakwa kwembewu, ungavuna amakinati akho. Uma yonke imisebenzi yenziwa ngokuya ngobuchwepheshe bokutshala, isivuno sizokujabulisa. Inani eliphakeme lamakinati omile futhi anamagobolondo avunwe kusuka kumitha eyisikwele elilodwa lingafinyelela kumagremu ayikhulu namashumi amahlanu.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngamakinati

Ezweni lamakinati

Emlandweni wezolimo ezweni elidala, amakinati angahlukaniswa njengesivuno esisha. Izwe lamakinati yiNingizimu Melika - mhlawumbe izintaba zaseBolivia Andes. Ukutholwa kwemivubukulo kunikeza imininingwane yokuqala ngamakinati ezindaweni zokungcwaba zasePeruvia zamakhulu eminyaka we-XII-XV.

Lokhu okutholakele kusikisela ukuthi amaNdiya asePeru atshala iphenathi ebizwa ngokuthi i-ankhuk ngisho nangaphambi kokufika kwabaseYurophu lapho. Ngokutholwa kweMelika, amakinati awela i-Pacific Ocean aya eMoluccan nasePhilippines Islands (ngasendleleni yolwandle etholwe nguMagellan). Ukusuka lapho kuya eNdiya, eJapan, eChina, e-Indochina futhi kwasakazeka kulo lonke elase-Asia eseningizimu.

Leli siko lafika e-Afrika ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16. ngesikhathi sokuxhumana okujabulisayo phakathi kweBrazil nogu lwaseNtshonalanga Afrika. Amantongomane amakinati aletha khona imikhumbi yaseMelika, futhi lapha isivuno sasakazeka ngokushesha futhi kabanzi.

Europe

Amantongomane alethwa eYurophu amatilosi amaPutukezi ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16, kodwa hhayi eMelika noma eNdiya. Kusuka eChina.
Ngokusobala, yingakho amakinati kade abizwa ngokuthi amantongomane aseChina eYurophu. Ezwenikazi laseYurophu, amakinati aziwa ikakhulukazi eSpain. Ukusuka lapho, yangena eFrance, lapho leli siko lahlolwa khona kuqala engadini yezitshalo eMontpellier.

Izitshalo zamakinati eFrance zathola ukubaluleka kwezomnotho kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Kodwa-ke, amakinati awatholanga ntuthuko kuleli njengoba ubhontshisi ongenisiwe (ikakhulukazi ovela eSenegal) wawushibhile. EYurophu, ngaphandle kweSpain neFrance, amakinati nawo ayetshalwa ngezikhathi ezihlukene e-Italy, eBalkan naseziqhingini zaseMedithera.

Imikhiqizo yamantongomane

Uma ucabanga ukuthi amakinati nje amantongomane anosawoti kabhiya, uzomangala ngobubanzi besicelo sawo. Amakinati aphakathi kwezimbewu zikawoyela ezibalulekile, ngoba ubhontshisi uqukethe amafutha angama-60% namaprotheni angaphezu kuka-30%. Ngakho-ke, yicubungule emafutheni.

Ukucindezela okubandayo kukhiqiza amamaki aphakeme kakhulu amafutha acishe abe nemibala - umkhiqizo omuhle kakhulu wokudla ongenaphunga, nokunambitheka kwawo okumnandi kucishe kufane namafutha omnqumo. Isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukulungisa izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zezinhlanzi ezifakwe ethini, imajarini, i-confectionery (ushokoledi), nemikhiqizo yokubhaka futhi isetshenziswa nasekhemisi.

Amafutha amakinati

Amabanga aphansi kawoyela alungele ukwenziwa kwensipho, futhi ngekhwalithi ephezulu ungathola insipho ebizwa ngokuthi yiMarseilles. Ikhekhe le-oyela kanye nesidlo kukuphakelayo okugxile kakhulu kwamaprotheni okusetshenziselwa ukukhulula izinkukhu nezinkomo, ikakhulukazi izilwane ezisencane. Njenge-hay evela kuwo, iziqongo zilungele imfuyo futhi zicishe zibe nomsoco njenge-alfalfa hay.

Amaqabunga kabhontshisi asetshenziswa njengezinto zokuhlanganisa ukwenza ngcono ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, udoti ekufuyeni izinkukhu nasekwakhiweni (ukudala izinhlayiya zamabhodi noma izinto zokuvikela), ukukhiqiza ukupakisha.

Uvolo wemifino ongcono kakhulu, i-ardil, uqukethe amaprotheni amakinati, futhi ubuye ube yimpahla eluhlaza ukukhiqizwa kwamapulasitiki, iglue, neminye imikhiqizo eminingi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba isitshalo se-leguminous, amantongomane ayi-reclamator enhle yenhlabathi futhi, njenge-alfalfa, ayicebisa nge-nitrogen.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi amantongomane athosiwe ayamnandi ewodwa. Ngakho-ke aphelele, ngezinye izikhathi anosawoti noma anoshukela. Ngefomu elichotshoziwe, amakhosi awaxube emikhiqizweni eminingi ye-confectionery, ikhofi, ama-creams ahlukahlukene nama-pastes, iziphuzo, i-halva. Lamantongomane anama-kilojoule amaningi kakhulu: ikhilogremu elilodwa likabhontshisi wamantongomane linikeza ama-calories angu-5960.

E-Afrika, amantongomane ayisithako sesobho noma axutshwe namabele noma irayisi. E-China, amantongomane asebenza njengezinto zokusetshenziswa ukulungisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-300 zemikhiqizo yokudla. Ukudla okudumile e-USA amakinati agayiwe, uju, ufulawa wesoya, i-malt, ibhotela lamantongomane, kanye nokugaywa kube unamathisele obushelelezi.

Izinzuzo zamakinati

Wonke umuntu uyakwazi ukudla okuyisisekelo “okunempilo.” Lezi izithelo nemifino, izinhlanzi kanye nezilwane zasolwandle ezinothile ngezinto ezidingekayo emzimbeni. Kodwa kuvela ukuthi esinye isigaba semikhiqizo yokudla siletha impilo yethu inzuzo encane, kodwa izazi zokudla ezihlala zikhohlwa ngakho, zilinganisa "nokudla kwe-ballast." Omunye umkhiqizo onjalo amakinati.

Ucwaningo oluvela eFlorida State University lukhombisile ukuthi amakinati acebe kakhulu kuma-antioxidants, avikela amaseli emzimbeni kuma-radicals ayingozi mahhala. Okokuqala, ama-polyphenols aqukethwe kuwo anezakhi zokulwa ne-antioxidant - amakhemikhali asondele ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali ezingxenyeni ze-antioxidant zewayini elibomvu, okwenza kube ngenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuvimbela izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.

Ngendlela, njengoba ososayensi betholile, ngemva kokugcoba amantongomane, okuqukethwe kwe-polyphenols kuwo kukhula ngamaphesenti angu-20-25. Okusho ukuthi, amantongomane aba yinzuzo nakakhulu empilweni. Futhi uma siqhathanisa amantongomane ngokuya ngomphumela wawo wokulwa ne-antioxidant neminye imikhiqizo, kuvela ukuthi, kanye nama-strawberries namajikijolo amajikijolo, angokwesibili kuphela kumapomegranate, umholi owaziwayo kokuqukethwe kwama-antioxidants.

Izinzuzo kanye nokulimala kwamantongomane aluhlaza

Amantongomane aluhlaza angaphazamisa uhlelo lokugaya ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphandle kokucubungula, akuwona umthombo wezakhi zomzimba. ”

– I-bioavailability ye-trace elements izoba phezulu kakhulu ngemva kokucwiliswa kwamakinati. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ukwenza kusebenze. Kuyasiza ukuqeda i-phytic acid, ephazamisa ukumuncwa kwamaminerali, kanye nama-inhibitors ama-enzyme okugaya - izinto ezivimbela umsebenzi wabo. Yingakho abantu abaningi bezwa ubunzima noma ubuhlungu ngemva kokudla (ikakhulukazi ngokweqile) amantongomane, u-Anna Tsukanova waphawula.

Ngokusho kukadokotela, amantongomane kufanele acwiliswe amahora angama-7-10 ukuze anciphise izakhiwo zawo ezingezinhle. Ngemuva kokuthi amantongomane angomiswa kuhhavini ngama-40-45 degrees noma ku-dehydrator. Isikhumba kumele sisuswe, ngoba siqukethe ama-antinutrients amaningi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungenza ubisi lwe-nut kusuka kumantongomane afakwe emanzini: hlanganisa ingxenye engu-1 yamantongomane nezingxenye ezi-3 zamanzi, usike ku-blender bese ucindezela.

Umkhiqizo onjalo ugcina zonke izinzuzo zamakinati, kodwa ukhululekile kakhudlwana ekugayeni nasekugayeni.

Izinzuzo kanye nokulimala kwamantongomane athosiwe

- Amantongomane athosiwe abhekwa njengempilo kunalawo aluhlaza, ngoba ngenxa yomswakama ophansi kwandisa ingxenye yezakhi, kuhlanganise nama-antioxidants kanye ne-vitamin E. Ngakho-ke, okuqukethwe kwe-polyphenols kukhula ngo-25%. Okuqukethwe kwe-zinc nakho kwanda, okufaka isandla ekuhlanganiseni kwe-testosterone, okuthinta ngokuqondile amandla kanye nomsebenzi we-spermatozoa emadodeni, isazi sokudla okunomsoco saphawula.Futhi, inqubo yokuthosa yandisa impilo yeshalofu yamantongomane. Into esemqoka akufanele upheke ngokweqile, ngaphandle kwalokho bazolahlekelwa yizo zonke izinzuzo.

Izinzuzo kanye nokulimala kwamantongomane anosawoti

- Amantongomane anosawoti, yiqiniso, athwala zonke izinzuzo zentongomane, kodwa ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwe-sodium ngokweqile, kuholela ekuvuvukeni nasekucindezelekeni okwandisiwe. Lokhu ngeke kuzuze abantu abanezinkinga zezinso nezinhliziyo ezikhona ngaphambili.Ngaso leso sikhathi, uma ungasebenzisi kabi amantongomane anosawoti, khona-ke kumuntu onempilo ngeke kubangele imiphumela emibi.

Izinzuzo kanye nokulimala kwebhotela lamantongomane

Ibhotela lamantongomane liwumthombo wobusha ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-antioxidants, futhi amavithamini emkhiqizweni athuthukisa izinga lesikhumba, izinzipho nezinwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhiqizo 

ikhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwemisipha ephumelelayo ngesikhathi sokuzikhandla ngokomzimba.Ngasikhathi sinye, ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaprotheni nama-purines, kuyingozi kubantu abanesifo samathambo, i-arthrosis, i-gout, ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwamafutha - kubantu abathambekele ekubeni nezinduna, izakhiwo ze-hemostatic - ngemithambo ye-varicose.

Izinzuzo kanye nokulimala kwamantongomane kushukela

Inkomba ye-glycemic yamantongomane yi-13, ngoba i-nati ayibangeli ukukhululwa okusheshayo 

ye-hormone insulin.”- Ukudla amantongomane ngokusesilinganisweni kunciphisa ingozi yesifo sikashukela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyasiza ukwenza amazinga kashukela egazi abejwayelekile, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi ungenise ekudleni kweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, udokotela wachaza.Ngaso leso sikhathi, ngenxa yenani eliphezulu lamandla, umkhiqizo kufanele udliwe. ukulinganisela.

Amantongomane kwezokwelapha

Leli nati livame ukutuswa kubantu abanesifo sikashukela ngokusesilinganisweni, kanti ibhotela lamantongomane liyanconywa ngisho nasekunciphiseni isisindo .” Ngokochwepheshe, lo mkhiqizo ulungele isimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, uqinisa imisipha yenhliziyo, futhi ama-antioxidants avikela emiphumeleni yamahhala. ama-radicals, okuvame ukuholela emdlavuza.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-fiber e-peanuts ehlanzekile isiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamathumbu kanye ne-motility. Ukusetshenziswa komkhiqizo kunomthelela ekujwayelekile kwesitulo, kuvimbela ukuqunjelwa noma ukunciphisa isimo ngenkinga ekhona.

Indlela ukukhetha

Amantongomane amasha, aphephile ukudliwa anama-nucleoli omile futhi acwebezelayo angahlukani ngombala. Ukukhanya kwamantongomane, kuqabula futhi kuphephe. Uhlamvu lwamantongomane oluphuzi futhi olubabayo luwumkhiqizo owonakele futhi oyingozi okufanele ulahlwe.”- Uma igcinwe ngendlela engafanele, isikhunta sikhula phezu kwamakinati - i-aspergillus, ekhiqiza i-aflatoxin. Kuyi-carcinogen enamandla engathinta zonke izitho nezicubu, ikakhulukazi isibindi nezinso. Kungase futhi kubangele ukubambezeleka ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezingane, kunciphisa ukuzivikela komzimba. Ngemithamo emikhulu, le nto idala ubuthi obunzima, obuvame ukuholela ekulimaleni kwesibindi futhi kungaba yingozi empilweni. Uma, lapho uvula ibhokisi lamantongomane, kwavela "umusi" noma ifu lothuli olumhlophe, olumpunga noma olusemhlabeni, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokutheleleka kwefungal. Awukwazi ukudla amakinati anjalo, futhi uhogele lolu thuli, kusho u-Anna Tsukanova.

Kanjani futhi kanjani ukugcina Amantongomane

Amantongomane kufanele agcinwe endaweni emnyama, epholile. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ngesikhathi esifanayo kube esitsheni seglasi esivalwe ngokuqinile. Ukuphila kweshelufu kwamantongomane anjalo ngesitoreji esifanele unyaka ongu-1.