Amafutha esundu - incazelo kawoyela. Izinzuzo zezempilo kanye nokulimala

Incazelo

Amafutha esundu, azungeze kunamahemuhemu amaningi nemibono ephikisanayo, enziwa ngezithelo eziyinyama zezintende zikawoyela. Umkhiqizo ongahluziwe ubizwa nangokuthi obomvu ngenxa ye-terracotta hue yawo.

Umthombo oyinhloko wamafutha esundu yi-Elaeis guineensis tree, ekhula eNtshonalanga naseNingizimu Ntshonalanga Afrika. Abantu bendawo badle izithelo zayo kusasele isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuthi kukhiqizwe uwoyela emhlabeni wonke. Intende yesundu efanayo, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Elaeis oleifera, itholakala eNingizimu Melika, kepha ayivamisile ukutshalwa ezentengiselwano.

Kodwa-ke, i-hybrid yalezi zitshalo ezimbili kwesinye isikhathi isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni uwoyela wesundu. Ngaphezu kuka-80% womkhiqizo wanamuhla ulungiswa eMalaysia nase-Indonesia, ikakhulukazi ukungeniswa ezweni lonke.

Amafutha esundu - incazelo kawoyela. Izinzuzo zezempilo kanye nokulimala

Ukubunjwa

Amafutha esundu ngamafutha ayi-100%. Ngasikhathi sinye, iqukethe ama-acid agcwele angama-50%, ama-asidi angama-monounsaturated angama-40%, kanye ne-10% yama-polyunsaturated acids.
Isipuni esisodwa samafutha esundu siqukethe:

  • Amakholori ayi-114;
  • 14 g amafutha;
  • 5 g amafutha monounsaturated;
  • 1.5 g amafutha we-polyunsaturated;
  • I-11% yenani lansuku zonke levithamini E.

Amafutha asemqoka kawoyela wesundu yi-palmitic acid, ngaphezu kwawo, iqukethe ne-oleic, linoleic kanye ne-stearic acid. Umbala ophuzi ngokubomvu uphuma kuma-carotenoids, ama-antioxidants afana ne-beta-carotene.

Umzimba uwuguqula ube uvithamini A.
Njengamafutha kakhukhunathi, amafutha esundu aqina ekamelweni lokushisa, kodwa ancibilike kuma-degree angu-24, kanti owokuqala angama-35 degrees. Lokhu kubonisa ukwakheka okuhlukile kwama-fatty acids ezinhlotsheni ezimbili zemikhiqizo yezitshalo.

Yikuphi ukudla okusebenzisa uwoyela wesundu

Amafutha esundu - incazelo kawoyela. Izinzuzo zezempilo kanye nokulimala

Amafutha esundu athandwa kakhulu ngabalimi ngenxa yentengo yawo ephansi. Ibanga ingxenye yesithathu yomkhiqizo wamafutha wemifino emhlabeni. Ubuhle bayo nokunambitheka komhlaba, njengethanga noma isanqante, kuhlangana kahle nebhotela lamantongomane noshokoledi.

Ngaphandle kwamaswidi nama-candy bars, amafutha esundu afakwa kukhilimu, imajarini, isinkwa, amakhukhi, ama-muffin, ukudla okusemathinini nokudla kwezingane. Amafutha atholakala kweminye imikhiqizo okungeyona eyokudla okufana nemithi yokuxubha amazinyo, insipho, okokugcoba umzimba, nezipholile izinwele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingasetshenziselwa ukudala uphethiloli we-biodiesel, osebenza njengomunye umthombo wamandla [4]. Amafutha esundu athengwa ngabakhiqizi abakhulu bokudla (ngokusho kombiko weWWF's 2020):

  • I-Unilever (amathani ayisigidi esingu-1.04);
  • I-PepsiCo (amathani ayizigidi ezingama-0.5);
  • INestle (amathani ayizigidi ezingama-0.43);
  • I-Colgate-Palmolive (amathani ayizigidi eziyi-0.138);
  • UMcDonald's (amathani ayizigidi ezingama-0.09).

Ukulimala kwamafutha esundu

Amafutha esundu - incazelo kawoyela. Izinzuzo zezempilo kanye nokulimala

Ngama-80s, umkhiqizo waqala ukushintshwa ngamafutha we-trans, esaba ingozi engaba khona enhliziyweni. Izifundo eziningi zibika imiphumela ephikisanayo ngemiphumela kawoyela wesundu emzimbeni.

Ososayensi benze ucwaningo nabesifazane okutholakale ukuthi banamazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol. Ngokusetshenziswa kwamafutha esundu, lesi sibalo saphakama kakhulu, okungukuthi, sihambisana nezifo zesistimu yenhliziyo.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amanye amafutha amaningi emifino anganciphisa i-cholesterol, ngisho noma ihlanganiswe namafutha esundu.

Ngo-2019, ochwepheshe be-WHO bashicilela umbiko okhuluma ngama-athikili ngezinzuzo zamafutha esundu. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi kuhlolisiswa, kwavela ukuthi izindatshana ezine kwezingu-XNUMX ezishiwo kulo mbiko zabhalwa ngabasebenzi boMnyango Wezolimo waseMalaysia, ababhekele ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni.

Olunye lwezifundo eziningi lukhombisile ukuthi ukuvuselelwa kwamafutha esundu aqinile kwenza kube yingozi. Ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwalo mkhiqizo kuholela ekwakhekeni kwamadiphozithi emithanjeni ngenxa yokwehla kwezakhi ze-antioxidant zamafutha emifino. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukufaka uwoyela omusha ekudleni akuholelanga emiphumeleni enjalo.

Izinzuzo zamafutha esundu

Amafutha esundu - incazelo kawoyela. Izinzuzo zezempilo kanye nokulimala

Umkhiqizo ungahlinzeka ngezinzuzo zezempilo. Amafutha esundu athuthukisa ukusebenza kwengqondo futhi anomthelela omuhle ebuchosheni. Isetshenziselwa ukuvikela ukuntuleka kukavithamini A futhi iwumthombo omuhle kakhulu we-tocotrienols, amafomu kavithamini E anezakhi eziqinile ze-antioxidant.

Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi lezi zinto zisiza ukuvikela amafutha omzimba we-polyunsaturated ekonakaleni, anciphise ukukhula komqondo, zinciphise ubungozi bokushaywa unhlangothi, futhi zivimbele ukukhula kwezilonda ze-cerebral cortex.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ososayensi bahlukanisa abantu abayi-120 baba ngamaqembu amabili, elinye lawo lanikezwa i-placebo, kanti elinye - ama-tocotrienol avela ku-oli wesundu. Njengomphumela, owokuqala wakhombisa ukwanda kwezilonda zobuchopho, ngenkathi izinkomba zamuva zahlala zizinzile.

Ukuhlaziywa okukhulu kwezifundo ezingama-50 kutholakale inani eliphelele kanye namazinga e-cholesterol e-LDL ayephansi kubantu abadla ukudla okwengezwe ngamafutha esundu.

Izinganekwane eziyi-6 ngamafutha esundu

1. Yi-carcinogen enamandla, futhi amazwe athuthukile kade enqaba ukuyingenisa ukuze isetshenziselwe ukudla

Lokhu akulona iqiniso futhi ikakhulukazi yi-populism. Balahla izingxenyana ezithile kuphela, kodwa hhayi uwoyela wesundu uqobo. Lawa ngamafutha emifino, asezingeni elilinganayo no-sunflower, amafutha e-rapeseed noma ama-soya. Bonke banobuhle nobubi babo. Kodwa uwoyela wesundu uhlukile.

Okokuqala, ivunwa kathathu ngonyaka. Isihlahla uqobo sikhula iminyaka engama-3. Ngonyaka wesi-25 ngemuva kokwehla, iqala ukuthela izithelo. Ngokuzayo, isivuno siyancipha futhi siyeke lapho sineminyaka eyi-5-17, ngemuva kweminyaka engama-20 isihlahla siguqulwa. Ngokunjalo, izindleko zokutshala umuthi wesundu ziphansi kaningana kunezinye izimbewu zikawoyela.

Ngokuqondene nama-carcinogen, uwoyela odlwenguliwe mhlawumbe unobuthi obedlula nowoyela we-sunflower. Isibonelo, ungathosa emafutheni ka-sunflower amahlandla ama-2 kuphela, ngaphandle kwalokho, ngokuqhubeka nokusebenzisa, iba yi-carcinogen. Isundu lingathoswa amahlandla ayi-8.

Ingozi incike ekutheni umkhiqizi uqikelela kangakanani nokuthi uwusebenzisa kanjani uwoyela. Yize kungezona izifiso zakhe ukonga ngekhwalithi, ngoba ukunambitheka kukawoyela "omdala" kuzokonakalisa ukunambitheka komkhiqizo. Le ndoda ivule iphakethe, yazama futhi ngeke isathenga futhi.

2. Amazwe acebile ahlinzekwa ngoyela wesundu “munye”, namazwe ampofu “nomunye”

Cha, wonke umbuzo umayelana nekhwalithi yokuhlanza. Futhi lokhu kungukulawula okungenayo, kuya ngesimo ngasinye. I-our country ithola uwoyela wesundu ojwayelekile, osetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke. Ekukhiqizeni umhlaba, uwoyela wesundu ungama-50% wamafutha adliwayo, uwoyela we-sunflower - u-7% wamafutha. Bathi "isundu" asidliwe eYurophu, kepha izinkomba zibonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuye kwanda e-EU eminyakeni emihlanu edlule.

Amafutha esundu - incazelo kawoyela. Izinzuzo zezempilo kanye nokulimala

Futhi, embuzweni wokuhlanza. Ake siqhathanise namafutha we-sunflower. Lapho ikhiqizwa, okukhiphayo kungoyela, i-fusse, ikhekhe kanye nekhoba. Uma unikeza umuntu i-fooz, khona-ke, ngeke abe mnandi kakhulu. Ngokufanayo namafutha esundu. Ngokuvamile, igama elithi "uwoyela wesundu" lisho konke okuyinkimbinkimbi: kukhona uwoyela wokusetshenziswa komuntu, kunezingxenyana ezivela kumafutha esundu okusetshenziselwa ubuchwepheshe. Thina eDelta Wilmar CIS sisebenza kuphela ngamafutha adliwayo.

Uma sikhuluma ngebhizinisi lethu, bese sikhipha umkhiqizo ogunyazwe zonke izinkomba zokuphepha, ukukhiqizwa kwethu sekuqinisekisiwe. Sihlaziya imikhiqizo yethu kuma-laboratories aseYurophu. Konke ukugcwaliswa kwebhizinisi kuvela kuphela kubakhiqizi baseYurophu (iBelgium, iJalimane, iSwitzerland). Konke kuyazenzakalela. Ngemuva kokufakwa kwemishini, sithola ukugunyazwa minyaka yonke kanye nezitifiketi, njengezinkampani zaseYurophu.

3. Umhlaba ushiya "umuthi wesundu" ushintshela emafutheni kabhekilanga

Uwoyela we-sunflower ungamafutha we-trans. Amafutha eTrans igazi elibi, unhlangothi, isifo senhliziyo, nakho konke okunye. Ngakho-ke, iyasetshenziswa lapho uthosa, futhi kuzo zonke ezinye izimo ithathelwa indawo yesundu.

4. Amafutha esundu awafakwa ohlwini ngamabomu ekudleni

Ngingasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi bonke abakhiqizi be-confectionery e-our country babonisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yabo ihlanganisa amafutha esundu. Uma ufisa, umenzi uzokutshela njalo mayelana nokuthi yimaphi amafutha afakwe ku-recipe. Lolu ulwazi oluvuleke ngokuphelele. Uma umkhiqizi wemikhiqizo yobisi engabonisi, khona-ke lokhu kungenye indaba.

Lokhu kuwubugebengu kanye nesibopho somkhiqizi okhiqiza imikhiqizo enjalo. Akahlanganisi emkhiqizweni omubi, uvele enze imali, ngoba amafutha, uma kuqhathaniswa, abiza u-UAH 40, futhi amafutha avela emafutheni emifino ezinhlobonhlobo zokupheka azobiza u-UAH 20. Kodwa umkhiqizi uthengisa ngo-40. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, lokhu kuyinzuzo futhi inkohliso yabathengi.

Akekho oqamba amanga “isundu”, ngoba alinakwenziwa. Kukhona ukukhohlisa emikhiqizweni yobisi lapho umenzi engabonisi ukuthi amafutha emifino (isundu noma ubhekilanga) asetshenziswa. Lena ukuphela kwendlela yokudukisa umthengi.

Amafutha esundu - incazelo kawoyela. Izinzuzo zezempilo kanye nokulimala

5. Ukuvimbela "umuthi wesundu" ngeke kuthinte umnotho nganoma iyiphi indlela, kuzonciphisa kuphela inzuzo eyeqile kubakhiqizi

Wonke amafektri e-confectionery azovalwa ngokushesha, okuzothi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kudingeke ukuthi ashintshele kurabishi odlwenguliwe, ubhontshisi, no-sunflower. Eqinisweni, bazolahlekelwa ukuthekelisa, okudinga ukuthi umkhiqizo awunawo amafutha we-trans. Lapho kukhiqizwa ngamafutha e-sunflower e-hydrogenated, ukwakheka kuzoqukatha amafutha we-trans. Ngakho ukuthekelisa nakanjani kuzonyamalala.

6. Iphansi ngekhwalithi kwamanye amafutha

Amafutha esundu asetshenziswa kabanzi ku-confectionery kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi. Namuhla, kunezinkulumo eziningi mayelana nokuthi ziwusizo noma ziyingozi, kodwa emhlabeni wonke, ezingeni lomthetho, kukhona ukuvunyelwa kwezindinganiso zokuqukethwe kwe-trans fatty acids emkhiqizweni ophelile.

Ama-isomers e-Trans fatty acid akhiwa emafutheni wemifino ngesikhathi se-hydrogenation, inqubo lapho amafutha oketshezi aqiniswa abe okuqinile.

Amafutha aqinile ayadingeka ukwenza imajarini, amafutha okugcwalisa waffle, amakhukhi, njll. Ukuze kutholakale amafutha aqinile avela ku-sunflower, rapeseed, uwoyela wesoya, imboni kawoyela no-oyela ithatha inqubo ye-hydrogenation futhi ithole amafutha ngobulukhuni obuthile.

Lawa ngamafutha lapho sekuvele kukhona okungenani ama-isomers angama-35%. Amafutha emvelo ngemuva kokukhishwa aqukethe ama-trans isomers (noma uwoyela wesundu, noma uwoyela we-sunflower). Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ukungaguquguquki kukawoyela wesundu sekuvele ukuthi singakusebenzisa njengamafutha wokugcwalisa, njll.

Lokho wukuthi, akukho ukucubungula okungeziwe okudingekayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, uwoyela wesundu awunawo ama-trans isomer. Ngakho-ke, lapha kunqoba amanye amafutha emifino esiwajwayele.

1 Comment

  1. Kuphi. Iyatholakala. Abazalwane bamafutha esundu emadolobheni eSomalia

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