I-oyster mushroom

Incazelo

Izinhlobo zamakhowe oyster zibizwa nge-abalone, oyster noma amakhowe anokhuni futhi ngamanye amakhowe adliwayo. Amakhowe ama-Oyster atshalwa ngabantu emhlabeni wonke, ikhowe livame kakhulu kubalimi nasemindenini ngayinye e-Southeast Asia, Europe nase Africa.

Ukuthandwa kungenxa yobulula kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokutshala, ukuzwakala nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu kwebhayoloji.

Ikepusi lekhowe le-Oyster linenyama. Ekuqaleni, i-convex, bese iba bushelelezi. Kuma-specimens avuthiwe, anokuma kwegobolondo (ngesi-Latin ostreatus - oyster) njenge-oyster.

Ubuso bamakepisi bamakhowe bushelelezi futhi buyacwebezela, bunomdlandla. Ekuqaleni kokukhula, ikepisi alihlukaniswa nomlenze. Bese ithatha isimo se-oyster, bese iphenduka i-spatula noma ifeni fan lapho nje ikhowe lifinyelela ekuvuthweni. Kwakhiwa ukucindezeleka phezulu.

Imilenze yamakhowe oyster

Umlenze uqinile futhi uqinile. Izacile kusukela phezulu, futhi iyajiya phansi. Isisekelo simbozwe ngocolekileyo, mhlophe phansi. Indawo lapho ikepisi linamathiselwe emlenzeni ihlale imile, itholakala kude nesikhungo.

I-Hymenophore

Ama-gill aminyene, anamagatsha futhi agijima ngengxenye ye-peduncle. Amagill aqala kokhilimu-mhlophe kuye ekubeni mhlophe ngezimpondo zendlovu futhi abe mpunga.

Oyster mushroom izithelo zomzimba

Inyama yamakhowe iminyene kodwa ithambile. Umbala umhlophe, iphunga limnandi, ukunambitheka kunoshukela. Ikhowe alinamakha kakhulu futhi licishe lingenaphunga.

Izinketho zombala wamakhowe

Umbala wekepisi le-oyster mushroom uhluka usuka kokumpunga okumnyama okunombala onsomi kuya kumbala wokukhanya noma ngisho nama-hazelnuts amnyama.

Ithoni ethathwa yikhowe inombala onsundu ngokubomvu, nsundu ngokubomvu, ngokubomvu, ngombala onsomi kuya kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esigabeni sokugcina sokukhula kombungu. Ngaphambi kokufa, amakhowe aphenduka abe mhlophe futhi abe mhlophe.

Umlenze ukhule kahle futhi mfushane. Ngenxa yesimo se-cylindrical esingajwayelekile, ikhowe libonakala liyi-squat.

Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamakhowe we-Oyster

Isikhathi sokukhula nokuqoqwa kwamakhowe ekwindla-ebusika. Imvamisa i-oyster mushroom ithela izithelo ekwindla sekwedlule isikhathi, kanti isikhathi sokukhula siyandiswa kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Intuthuko imiswa yiqhwa, kepha uma isimo sezulu sifudumala, amakhowe aqala kabusha ukukhula ngokushesha.

Indawo yamakhowe oyster

I-Oyster mushroom iyisikhunta se-saprophyte futhi kwesinye isikhathi yikhunta le-parasitic. Ijoyina iziqu zikabhabhulini nama-mulberry. Amakhowe we-Oyster akhula ngamaqembu amancane, asondelene kakhulu. Imvamisa, ofeleba bamakhowe babekwa ngaphezulu komunye nomunye, njengamasongo ophahleni.

Lezi fungi zikhula esiqwini ngisho nasezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu ukusuka emhlabathini. Zikhula ezihlahleni ezinqabayo futhi ezingavamile ukuhlangana. Amakhowe we-Oyster nawo ajwayelekile emapaki wedolobha, emaphethelweni emigwaqo nemigwaqo emikhulu. Leli khowe likhula lisuka emathafeni liye ezintabeni futhi abukho ubunzima ekuzaleni amakhowe oyster.

I-Oyster mushroom isakazeke emahlathini amaningi aphansi nasendaweni eshisayo emhlabeni jikelele, ikhowe alikhuli ePacific Northwest of North America. I-saprophyte ebola ngokwemvelo izinkuni ezifile, ikakhulukazi ukutshala okunamanzi kanye ne-beech.

I-Oyster mushroom futhi ingelinye lamakhowe aziwayo adlayo. I-mycelium yayo ibulala futhi igaye ama-nematode, izazi zezinto eziphilayo ezikholelwa ukuthi yindlela isikhunta esithola ngayo i-nitrogen.

Amakhowe ama-oyster akhula ezindaweni eziningi, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zakha amakoloni ezihlahleni kuphela.

Le fungus ivame ukukhula ezihlahleni ezifayo, isebenza kuwo kuphela ama-saprophytic, hhayi ngokufa. Njengoba isihlahla sibulawa ngezinye izimbangela, amakhowe ama-oyster athola inqwaba ekhula ngokushesha yezinkuni esezifile nezifayo ukuze zikhule. Amakhowe e-Oyster ayalizuzisa ngempela ihlathi, abole ukhuni olufile, futhi abuyisele izinto ezibalulekile namaminerali esimisweni semvelo ngendlela engasetshenziswa ezinye izitshalo nezinto eziphilayo.

Ukukhulisa amakhowe oyster ekhaya

Okhulayo bamakhowe, izitolo zithengisa amabhokisi / izikhwama ezine-substrate ne-oyster mushroom spores futhi zilungele ukukhula ekhaya.

Ukulima amakhowe kwenelisa kakhulu futhi kunenzuzo kwisabelomali somndeni. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokutshala lokhu namanye amakhowe. Indlela yokuqala ukutshalwa “ngesandla” phansi engadini yemifino noma greenhouse. Eyesibili, enconyiwe, ukutshalwa “kwezimboni” kusetshenziswa ama-substrates (amabhele) asevele elungiswe ngamabhizinisi ukuze asetshenziswe ekhaya.

Ukukhulisa amakhowe oyster ngesandla “phansi”

Umuntu kufanele asike iziqu ngenkathi ebandayo, mhlawumbe kusuka ku-poplar, enobubanzi obungaphezu kwama-20 cm. Isikhathi sasebusika sibalulekile ngoba isihlahla kumele siyeke ukukhula. Ngemuva kokuthena, iziphunzi zigcinwa endaweni enesithunzi endaweni emi zilindele ukusetshenziswa, okuvamise ukwenzeka phakathi kuka-Ephreli noJuni.

bese usika izingcezu ezingama-30 cm eziqwini, imigodi ububanzi no-1 cm ukujula kuyakhishwa. Beka ungqimba lwe-mycelium yamakhowe ngaphansi komgodi, bese ubheka ngokuqonde phezulu iziqu bese ubeka ngaphezulu. Bese kuthi olunye ungqimba lwe-mycelium nesiqu, njalonjalo. Mboza ingxenye engenhla ngamabhodi uthele ungqimba lomhlabathi olungu-120 cm.

Ukushisa nomswakama okwakheka ngaphakathi emgodini kuzokwenza kube lula ukuthi i-mycelium isakaze phezu kwezingodo ngaphakathi. NgoSepthemba, iziqu ziyasuswa futhi zigqitshwe ngasikhathi sinye ngamasentimitha ayi-15, ebangeni elingu-30 cm komunye nomunye. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingamashumi amabili, ama-oyster mushroom azoqala ukukhula, aphindaphindayo kwisizini ngayinye elandelayo.

Ukukhulisa amakhowe oyster endaweni engaphansi yezimboni ezikhwameni

Le ndlela yokulima, esetshenziswa yiwo wonke umuntu kahle endlini, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokumba phansi noma sibe nendawo yamahhala egcekeni.

Kulokhu, akufanele usebenzise iziqu ezinqunyiwe, kepha izikhwama ezine-substrate equkethe utshani bommbila, ukolweni kanye nemidumba. Le nhlanganisela ifakwa ngamasiko e-mycelium bese ifakwa esitsheni sepulasitiki.

Ibhali elenziwe ngale ndlela selikulungele ukufukamela, le nkathi ihlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-20 futhi yenzeka endaweni enezinga lokushisa elingaba ngu-25 ° C. Ngokushesha nje lapho i-mycelium ingena esikhwameni sonke nge-substrate, susa ipulasitiki nendawo isikhwama eshalofini endaweni enelanga noma ekhanyisiwe futhi sigcina izinga lokushisa cishe ku-15 ° C.

Amakhowe we-Oyster akhula ngemijikelezo emasakeni e-substrate. Isikhathi sokukhula siphazanyiswa ngokungeyena ngokwehla kwekamelo lokushisa.

Unambitheka kanjani u-oyster mushroom?

Amakhowe aphekiwe we-oyster anokuthungwa okubushelelezi okufana ne-oyster, futhi abanye abantu bakhuluma ngokunambitheka kokudla kwasolwandle okuncane. Ama-gourmets akholelwa ukuthi ama-oyster mushroom anephunga elibucayi le-anise.

Womabili la ma-flavour acashile futhi ngokuvamile awatholakali ngemuva kokungeza amakhowe esifundweni esikhulu. Ngokuvamile, ama-oyster mushroom anokunambitheka okuncane ngezwi eliphansi elincane lomhlaba.

Ama-oyster mushroom zokupheka

Intshisekelo ye-gastronomic kumakhowe ingenxa yezici ezimbili. Okokuqala, kuhle ukuhleleka. Okwesibili, ama-oyster mushroom kulula ukukhula.

Amakhowe we-Oyster alungiswa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Amakhowe abhakiwe, anesinkwa ajwayelekile emakhishini amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Njengomthetho, ama-oyster mushroom ajiwe, ahlanganiswe nebhotela, noma athwetshiwe. Ziyanambitheka kakhulu lapho zigcinwa emafutheni.

Ochwepheshe bezokupheka batusa ukulahla umlenze, ngoba awuthambile kakhulu futhi unzima kakhulu. Amakhowe we-Oyster ayahlanzwa futhi asikwe, njengazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zamakhowe.

Amakhowe oyster othosiwe

Amakhowe we-Oyster alungele ukuphenywa noma ngaphandle kokunye ukudla. Zibuye ziphekwe ngokuphelele ngokungathi zingama-cutlets, ikakhulukazi uma ziyizibonelo ezincane ezithambile.

Amakhowe we-Oyster ngesikhathi sokuthosa

Ngemuva kokubilisa imizuzu embalwa, amakhowe ungawadla, afakwe ngoyela, ulamula, usawoti kanye nopelepele.

Amakhowe we-oyster agxiliwe

Ngemuva kwemizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kokupheka, kufanele uthele amakhowe ngemayonnaise futhi uyoliswe ngoparsley no-anyanisi oluhlaza oqoshiwe. Ukubilisa amakhowe e-oyster kule recipe, engeza uviniga ngosawoti kanye nopelepele emanzini. Abapheki abangochwepheshe bancoma ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezincane.

Amakhowe we-Oyster emafutheni

Amakhowe we-Oyster, uma efakwa emafutheni noma kuviniga, agcina inyama yawo. Ngenxa yale ndawo, ama-oyster mushroom afanele ukugcwaliswa, amasaladi welayisi nezinye izindlela zokupheka.

Amakhowe ama-oyster omisiwe

Lawa makhowe nawo afanele ukomiswa nokugaywa. Kulokhu, kungakuhle ukwengeza izimpushana zamakhowe ezinamakha kakhulu kunama-oyster mushroom kuleyo nhlanganisela.

Inani lokudla okunempilo kwama-oyster mushroom

Ngama-gramu ayi-100 wamakhowe, kukhona:

Ama-calories angu-38
15-25 g wamaprotheni;
6.5 g ama-carbohydrate;
2.2 g amafutha;
2.8 g fibre;
0.56 mg thiamine;
0.55 mg riboflavin;
12.2 mg i-niacin;
phosphorus - 140 mg;
28 mg calcium;
1.7 mg insimbi.
Amakhowe we-Oyster anezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokudla okunomsoco nokwelapha. Njengamakhowe amaningi adliwayo, awumthombo omuhle kakhulu wamaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate kanye ne-fiber futhi anamafutha amancane. Ukwakheka kwamaminerali kwamakhowe kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo nezinhlayiya ezisetshenzisiwe.

Njengomthetho, ama-oyster mushroom aqukethe amaminerali alandelayo: Ca, Mg, P, K, Fe, Na, Zn, Mn noSe. Futhi zingumthombo wamavithamini B1 ne-B2, thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine ne-niacin.

Inani lokwelashwa lama-oyster mushroom

Amakhowe we-Oyster athathwa njengokudla okusebenzayo ngenxa yekhono lawo lokuba nomthelela omuhle empilweni yomuntu. Amanye amaphepha esayensi abika ngezindawo zokulwa namagciwane nezokulwa namagciwane ama-oyster mushroom. Ukukhishwa kwawo kwe-methanol kuvimbele ukukhula kwe-Bacillus megaterium, S. aureus, E. coli, Candida glabrata, Candida albicans, kanye neKlebsiella pneumoniae.

I-Ubiquitin, iphrotheni elwa namagciwane, nayo iyatholakala emzimbeni wezithelo ze-oyster mushroom. Ikakhulukazi, isikhunta siqukethe i-ribonucleases, ecekela phansi izinto zofuzo zegciwane lesandulela ngculazi (i-HIV). Iprotheyini lectin, eqhelile emzimbeni wezithelo zamakhowe we-oyster, inomphumela ofanayo.

Ama-polysaccharides atholwe ku-oyster mushroom mycelium akhombisa umsebenzi we-antitumor. Odokotela babone ukwehla ngo-76% kwamangqamuzana wesimila lapho i-polysaccharide inikezwa ngokungenalutho kusuka kumhluzi wesiko kuya kumagundane abesifazane aseSwitzerland albino.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukukhishwa kwama-oyster mushroom kukhombisa umsebenzi wokulwa nezinhlobo ezithile zama-sarcomas amaphaphu nomlomo wesibeletho. Kubikwa nokuthi izinga lama-antioxidants emizimbeni elithelayo liphakeme kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa namanye amakhowe athengiswayo.

Amakhowe we-Oyster akhombisa nezakhiwo ze-hypolipidemic kanye ne-antihyperglycemic. IMevinolin yehlisa amazinga e-cholesterol. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhompawundi ikhiqizwa kusuka kuma-oyster mushroom ukuze isetshenziswe emithini elwa nesifo sikashukela. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ukungeniswa ngomlomo kokukhishwa okunamanzi kwama-oyster mushroom kumagundane esifo sikashukela kwehlisa amazinga eglucose egazini.

Izinhlobo eziningi zama-oyster mushroom zinamakhemikhali asebenza ngokuphila njengama-glucans, i-vitamin C ne-phenol, eqinisa ukusebenza kwama-enzyme athile anciphisa i-necrosis yeseli lesibindi. Ukukhishwa kwamakhowe we-Oyster nakho kubikwe ukuthi kwehlisa umfutho wegazi, kunezinto zokuvikela amandla omzimba nokulwa nokuguga.

Lawa makhowe akhuthaza ukuncipha kwesisindo. Amakhowe e-oyster, ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwawo kwamaprotheni amaningi namafutha aphansi nama-carbohydrate, ayasiza ekunciphiseni isisindo. Ngakho-ke, uma ulahlekelwa isisindo, qiniseka ukuthi ufaka amakhowe e-oyster ekudleni kwakho.

Oyster mushroom ingozi

Izici ezizuzisayo zama-oyster mushroom azinakuphikwa futhi ziningi. Kepha lawa makhowe angaba yingozi nakubantu.

Uphawu olusobala kakhulu lokuthi umzimba awuwathathi amakhowe ama-oyster ngobuningi ubuhlungu besisu ngemuva kokuba umuntu edle amakhowe nganoma iyiphi indlela, ethosiwe noma ebilisiwe. Azikho ezinye izinkomba ezithile. Ukuntuleka kokuzibamba ekudleni kuwuphawu lokuthi odlayo ukhohliwe ngesono sokuminza, hhayi umphumela omubi wekhowe. Ngobuningi bawo, ama-oyster mushroom abangela ukuqunjelwa, ukukhiqizwa kwegesi okwengeziwe emathunjini, kuholele kuhudo nakwezinye izifo ze-dyspeptic.

Wonke amakhowe, kufaka phakathi ama-oyster mushroom, athatha isikhathi eside ukugaya emgudwini wokugaya ukudla. Lokhu kuhle emzimbeni ukukhipha izakhamzimba eziningi, kepha kubi esiswini esizwelayo. Amakhowe we-Oyster abangela ubuhlungu esifundeni se-epigastric ezinganeni nasebekhulile.

Amakhowe we-Oyster ayalwa nezinto eziphilayo ezizwelayo. Ngakho-ke, zisetshenziswa ngokuqapha ukungezwani kokudla.

Njenganoma imaphi amanye amakhowe, ama-oyster mushroom adliwa kuphela ngemuva kokwelashwa kokushisa, ngoba i-chitin ekhowe eliluhlaza iyingozi kubantu.